tac gia cho biet vao cudi the ky trirdc, viec diing lieng Viel Irong nha truong va trong hanh chfnh gan lien vdi viec dung chu Qudc ngir thay cho chu Han, va dieu nay mdi thUe hien d Nam bd vdi quy md nhd be. Td bao ddu lien viel bang ehfr Qudc ngS la Gia dinh bao xudt hien vao nam 1865. Chi sang the ky XX vice hoc chu" Qudc ngu", cung tiic la viec diing tie'ng Viet trong nha trudng mdi duoc md rong vdi ke' hoach cai each giao due cua Toan quyen Bd nam 1906. Nghi dinh ngay 16/5/1906 thie't lap d mdi xir Ddng duong mot Hdi ddng giao due ban xi'r. He Ihdng trudng Phap - Viet bdt ddu duoc xay dung rdng khdp va duoc kien loan d Nam Bo.
1/ Nhin vao lich sir, Idn ddu tien tieng Viet duoc siJrdunu trontz RJao due Trong nhieu the ky tiirdc lieng Viet cd duoc diing de ngam vinh, nhung chira bao gid duoc dem ra chfnh thuc giang day tai tiirdng hoc. Tre em di den liudng de hoc chu Han, chiir cung khdng hoc chu Norn. Cd Ihe ndi day la mot chuyen bien Idn trong viec md rdng chuc nang xa hdi ciia lieng Viet. Viec md rdng nay nhu lien da
ndi, gdn lien vdi viec ph6 bien chii' Qudc ngi?, va cdng viec nay thanh cong moi each nhanh chdng do chd chu truong cua Phap dua ra lai bdt gap chu tiuctng ciia t, mac dii 5' dd ciia hai phia hoan toan trai nguoc nhau.
2/ Chu truong ciia Phap la dung chQ Qud'c ngO thay chiJ Han dd keo ngudi Viet ra khdi anh hudng Han hoc cu, doan tuyet vdi qua khir, sdm duoc Au hda, dam bao thudn loi cho viec cai tri ciia Phap d cai xur nay. Chang bao lau sau ngudi Viet nhan ra edn cd mdt phuong tien dd giao due qudn chung dua ddi nudc lien len. Do dd, ta cjjng chii truong tfch cue hoc chiJ Qudc ngu . Cac sy phu yeu nude Irong phong trao Duy tan, vdi ddng kinh nghia thue, chu tiirong hoc ehfr Qudc ngfr de nang cao dan tii. Phong trao each mang giai phdng dan toe chu tiucmg " truyen ha
chiJ Qudc ngO" di nhd bien tu tudng each mang. Vdn de neu len tuy la chu Qudc
ngff nhung thuc chdt la viec dung tieng Viet dd giao due qudn chung, phd hien kien thuc hoac tu tudng chinh trj.
3/ Thdng qua viec tim hidu chuong tiinh va cac nghi dinh cua chfnh quyen Phap da hinh dung dUde ba he thdng nha trudng, he Han hoc, day chff Qudc ngfr va chff Han, bao gdm cac tmdng lang d cac tdng, huyen, he thd'ng trudng Phap- Vieti, gdm cac trutmg d tinh, thanh phd, vira hoc tieng Viet va tieng Phap, he ihdng Irir.rng
Phap chi day tieng Phap, d cac thanh phd Idn. Ddn ddn he thdng ddu duoe hai ho.
Tie'ng Viet chi dudc day trong cac Uirdng Phap - Viet, va chu yeu d cdp 1. d cap II day ca Viet Idn Phap nhung nang vd lieng Phap. Cdp III chii yeu day bdng lieng Phap, sd gid danh cho tieng Viet chi nhu cho mdt ngoai ngir.
4/ Bang mdt con dudng khac, dd la nghien ciru cac tai lieu giao khoa, ngiroi ta cung biet dUdc tinh hinh day tieng Viet trong nha tiirdng Phap - Viel d cac cap. Nhirng sach giao khoa trudc CM con luu tiii' duoc trong TliU vien Qudc gia hien nay, con khoang hdn 250 ddu sach. Neu kd ca cac nguon khac nua, sd ddu sach iC-n tdi 281 ( cd danh sach kem theo), cd thd xep thanh 12 loai. Hdu hel la sadLdung cho cd'p I, bao gdm ca cac mdn nhu loan, su, dia nhung nhieu h.m ea la sach Tap
doc. Cd mot sd sach day ngi? phap , Tap lam van va d cap II, cdp III cn Viet Nam
Quang Ham. Ben canh nhfmg sach chfnh khoa dung trong nha iru<mg la hang loat
sach Hoc v^n, cua nhi^u tac gia, vdi nhieu phmtng phap khac nhau.
NhGng cii lieu nay da xac minh nhan dinh ve viec day tieng Vict trong nhn tmcmg, chu tnrang cua chfnh quy^n Phap. Chung chi muo'n dung chu Quoc ngfr
thay chu han di dung trong chirng muc nh^t dinh, trong pham vi hanh chfnh, chu khong dung tieng Viet that sir trong loan bo nin giao due. Muc dfch cua giao due chi la dao tao, d miic vira du, doi ngu tay sai cho chung. Het cap III la phai doe
thong vie't thao tie'ng Phap.
Phan tfch nhOng cii lieu Iren ta co th^ di de'n nhiing nhan dinh sau :
a) Qua thirc tieng Viet da thuc su bucfe vao nha tiirctng, song moi ehi dirng a
ca'p I.Du sao, day cung la bucfe chuydn bien quan trong, xet ve ehue nang xa hoi ciia tie'ng Viet.
b) Tieng Viet bu6c dau da dUdc tiau doi, nhcf nha trudng vdi cac tai lieu va nhiing gid Ngfl phap, Tap lam van. Trong nhiing the ky trude, ngirdi Viet vSn noi tie'ng Viet, nhung chua bao gid phan tfeh, va duac trau ddi mnl each CO y thiic.
c) Tieng Viet day trong nha trudng tiirdc CM, mot each gian tiep da udp ph^n hoan thien them mot budc tieng Viet van hoc. Gid day van hoe Viel Nam va van hoc su d ca'p II, ca'p III, tuy ft, song da khai day d ngudi hoe long yeu men van hoc Viet Nam, va ttr dd san sinh ra khong ft nha van,
nha tha va chfnh ho mdi la nhiing ngudi lam cho tie'ng Viet tu thd sa trd
thanh tiau chudt. (Tai lieu ciia Duang Xuan Nghiem, Nxb Giao due, HN 1993 , trang 80-81, da viet ro dieu nay. Xem chuyen luan , Irang 92 ). d) Tieng Viet da duac thu nghiem trong viec truyen dat khoa hoe ky thuat.
Tieng Viet sau each mang la ngdn ngu doc tdn trong nha trudng. Nhung mdn loan, ly, hoa, sinh deu duac day bang tieng Viet. Nhung nam dAu sau CM vice giang day mdi chi gidi han d e^p I, II, III la chu yeu. Tuy nhien nd cQng da dap ung
duac yeu c^u cua xa hoi va cd th^ coi day la nhiJng thu nghiem ban dau di hudc
sau, trong nua cud'i theky XX nd thuc su chiem linh loan bd nen giao due d ninfe la
tir c^p I den Dai hoc va sau Dai hoc, trong giang day cung nhu trong nghien cuu khoa hoc.
5/ Khi xet den vi the cua tieng Viet trong nha trudng nua dau the ky XX ta da
ndi de'n tie'ng Phap. 6 eSip III van hoe Phap da duoc gidi thieu kha ky Wn hoe sinh
va yeu c^u ddi vdi ho khi ra trudng la phai thanh thao tie'ng Phap. Tieng Viet tuy hi tie'ng Phap chen ep nhung cung do dd nd da chiu mdt anh hudng tfeh cue nhflt dinh NhiJng ngudi sau khi ra tnrdng trd thanh nha tho, nha van, khi sang lac da chiu anh hudng cua tie'ng Phap trong dung tir, dat cau, tiT dd tie'ng Viet ft nhieu cd rn rang,
mach lac hdn, trong sang han.
Chuyen luan ve tieng Viet trong giao due da ihau gom diroc nhieu tu lieu cSn thie't va cd nhii'ng ddng gdp cu thd cho viec nhin nhan sir phat tridn ciia lieng Viel, xet vd mat chirc nang.