CSu 1: Truorng hop khong xay ra phan ling hoa hoc la A. CI, + 2NaOH > NaCl + NaQO + H2O B- Feci, + H2S > FeS + 2HC1
^- O 3 + 2KI + H2O > 2KOH + I2 + O2
^ 30, + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
^et cac phuong an: ' - ^ A. Dung. ^ ^
KttJtuat mm gidt nhanh BTHoa hoc, tap 2 - Cu Thanh Tonn
B. K h d n g xay ra. V i FeS tan trong dung djch H Q : FeS + 2Ha > FeCl, + H^S
c. Diing.
d. D i i n g .
Dap dn dung la B . ;^
cau 2: Cho day cac chat: CsHjOH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H j N C H j C O O H , C H j C H j C O O H , CH3CH2CH2NH2. S6 chat trong day tac dung diroc v d i dung djch H Q la
A . 2. B . 5 . C . 3 . D. 4 .
(Trich Di thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac chat tac dung vdri dung djch H Q : 1) C s H j N H , + H C l > C s H j N H j Q
2) H 2 N C H 2 C O O H + H C l >. C I H 3 N C H 2 C O O H 3) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H C l > C H j C H j C H j N H a Q
Dap an dung la C.
C4u 3: Cho cac cap chat vdri t i 16 s6' m o l tuong ling nhir sau:
a) Fe304 va Cu ( I : 1); b) Sn v a Z n (2 : 1);
c) Z n va Cu ( 1 : 1); d) Fe2(S04)3 va Cu ( 1 : 1) I e) FeQ, va Cu (2 : 1); g) FeQj v^ Cu ( 1 : 1).
f S6' cap chat tan hoan toan trong m6t luong d u dung dich H C l loang, nong la A . 3 B. 2 C. 5 D . 4
(Trich dethi tuyen sink Dai hgckhoi B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac cap cha't tan hoan toan trong dung dich H Q nong la:
a) Fe304 + 8HC1 > 2FeC^ + FeCl 2 + 4 H 2 O ^ Cu + 2FeCl3 > 2 F e C l 2+CUCI2
b) Sn + 2HC1 >.SnCl2 + H2
Z n + 2HC1 > Z n a 2 + H2
d) Fe2 ( 5 0 4) 3 + ^" ^ CuSO^ + 2FeS04 Co 3 cap chA thoa man.
Dap an diing la A .
C&u 4: H6n hop chtia d6ng thoi x m o l m 6 i chat Fe304, Cu, A l , N a Q c6 t h ^ h6a tan hoan toan trong luong d u dung djch nko sau day?
A . dung dich NH3 B. dung dich N a O H
C. dung djch H C l D . dung djch A g N O , $
Hu&ng ddn gidi
H6n hop Fe304, Cu, A l , N a Q c6 th^ tan trong dung djch H Q dir:
Fe304 + 8HC1->2FeCl3 + FeClj + 4H2O
2x t
Cu + 2FeCl3 ^ C u C l 2 + 2 F e a 2 > f ; : > l ' ; ' / X 2x ^ •
2A1 + 6HC1 ^ 2AICI3 + 3H2 • ; J NaCl + H 2 0 ( d d H C l ) d d N a C l
Ddp dn diing la C . , cau 5: Vi6't va khac hinh \tn kinh, thuy tinh dua vao phan litig
A . Si02vaHF B. SiOz vk dung djch N a O H C. SiO: va H I D . Si02, Na2 CO3 va CaCO,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trong thuy tinh c6 thanh phSn chii y6'u la SiOj, d^ vie't va khac hinh Idn thuy
tinh, ngucri ta diing dung djch H F (axit flohidric): ' . SiOj + 4 H FS i F 4 t + 2H2O
Dap an diing la A .
Cau 6: Cho cac chat sau tac dung v d i nhau trong dung djch a . K I + F e a 3 - > b . H I + F e O - >
c. K I + O3 + H2O ^ d. K I + H2O2 ->•
e . P b ( N 0 3) 2+ K I - ^ f. a 2 + K I ^
g. K I + K 2 a 2 0 7 + H2SO4 loang I N
Nhutig phan ling hoa hoc tao ra san phdm I ^ la
A . a , c , d , e , f B. a , c , d , f , g C. a, b, c, d , e, g, f D . a, f, g
Hu&ng ddn gidi cac phan litig tao ra san ph^m I2:
a) 2 K I + 2FeCl3->l2+2FeCl2+2Ka
b) 2 K I + 0 3 + H 2 0- > l 2 + 0 2+ 2 K 0 H ' ^ ¥ ^ : * ' d) 2 K I + H 2 0 2- > l 2+ 2 K 0 H
0 a 2+ 2 K I - > l 2 + 2 K C l
8) 6Kl + K 2 C r 2 0 7 + 7 H 2 S 0 4- > 3 l 2+ 4 K 2 S 0 4 + C r 2 ( S 0 4 ) 3 + 7 H 2 0
Dap an diing m e . ^ , / Qiu±: 2 H I + F e 0 - > F e l 2 + H 2 0 ^
Pb(N03)2+2KI->-Pbl2 i + 2 K N 0 3 1 .
Them: 6 H I + Fe203->2Fel2+l2+3H20 S H I + Fe304 - ^ 3 F e l 2 +I2 + 4 H 2 O
49
Cau 7: Cho clo Un lircrt vao: dung dich NaOH, dung djch Ca(OH)2 dSc, HjS, NH, S6 tru£mg hop clo vira th^ hifin tinh oxi hod vira th^ hidn tinh khii Ik
A. 4
PTHH xayra:
B. 1 C. 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
D . 2
• i0
-1 +1
(1) C h + 2NaOH - > NaQ + NaC10+ H j O
0 +1
(2) +Ca (OH)^ -> CaOQj + H j O
0 -2 0 -I
HjS ->S+2HC1
0 - 3 0 - 1 3 C I 2+ 2 N H 3- > N 2 + 6HC1
Dap &n diing Ik D.
C M i - * Qorua v6i CaOCL
-1
ClCaOCl
Cau 8: Cho ba chat: khi Q j , b6t Fe, dung djch H Q . Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ling bid'u dien sad6 sau:
( . / " > >
/ (2) ^ Fe F e Q j Hu&ng ddn gidi (1) Fe + 2HC1 FeCK + H,t
(2) 2Fe + BQj - ^ - ^ 2FeCl3 (3) 2Fea2+ a, > 2Fea3
Cau 9: Vid't PTHH cua cdc phan ling trong so d6 bidn d6i sau (ghi ddy dii di^u ki^n phan ihig):
^Nirdrc Gia-ven (2),
N a a —
dpnc ( ^ U H Q O - I I U H Q - i ^ A g a - i ^ A g Hu&ng ddn gidi
1) 2 N a a ^P"^ > 2Na + a 2
2) CI2 + 2NaOH -> NaQ + NaQO + H^O Nu6c Gia-ven
50
3) 0 2 + H2O ^ HCl + HCIO 4) 2HC10 '""^'"^ > 2Ha + 0 2 t 5) HCl + AgN03 - ằ A g Q i + HNO3 6) 2Aga ^""^^"^ ) 2Ag-fCl2
1®- ^ ' ^ ^ PTHH cua cac phan utig xay ra trong qud trinh san xua't clorua v6i tilr da v6i va mu6'i an.
Hu&ng ddn gidi M V'' . CaC03 •^^•"^g^"^ ) CaO + CO2 ' • CaO + H20^Ca(OH)2
2Naa + 2H.O , '^^'^ ^ ) H , t + CI, t + 2NaOH ' • '•' > ^
CI2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaOQj + H2O. . Dang 5: Mot so cdu hoi It thuye't ve halogen
1. L i thuye't van dung va phirong phap giai:
- Xem phSn l i thuyd't v^ nhom halogen. ằ ' - M6t s6' n6i dung cin chii y:
+ Trong cac phan ung hoa hoc, F^ chi thfi' hifin tmh oxi hoa. Trong moi truomg hg(p chat nguydn t6' flo chi c6 s6' oxi hoa duy nha't la - 1 .
+ Cac don chat d^u c6 tinh oxi hoa manh, tinh oxi hoa giam din tir F2 dd'n Ij.
+ Cac nguydn t6' halogen khac (CI, Br, I) ngo^i s6' oxi hoa - 1 , c6n c6 kha nSng th^ hidn cac s6' oxi hoa +1, +3, +5, +7.
+ Axit HF la axit ye'u, cac axit H Q , HBr, HI \h. cac axit manh v^ tinh axit tang d ^ . + Tinh khijr cac hidro halogenua tang din HF < H Q < HBr < H I .
+ Tinh khir ciia cac ion halogenua tang d^n theo tii tu: F , Q", Br", I "
+ Cac dung djch chiia cac ion halogenua (trCf florua) d i u phan ihig diroc vdi
AgNOj tao thanh cac kd't tiia c6 mau sdc khdc nhau. ^ 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
Thidu 1: Cho cac phat bid'u sau:
(a) Trong cac phan ung hoa hoc, flo chi th^ hifin tinh oxi hoa
(b) Axit flohidric la axit yfi'u ^i' (c) Dung djch NaF loang duoc dung lam thu6c chd'ng sau rang
W)Trong hop chat, cac halogen (F, Q, Br, I) d^u c6 s6' oxi h6a: - 1 , + 1 , +3, +5 +7.
(e)Tinh khir ciia cac ion halogenua tang ddn theo tii tu: F", Q , Br", I Trong cac phat bid'u trfin, s6' phat bife'u dung la
A. 3 B. 5 C.2 D . 4
(Trick detuyen sink Dai hoc ndm 2013 - Khdi B) 51
Hu&ng ddn gidi X6t cac phat bie'u:
(a) Diing v i F, la chat o x i hoa manh nha't.
(b) D i i n g VI lien ke't H - F rat b^n vutig nen kho phan l i ra H*:
H F i r i + F"
(c) Diing (dung dich NaF loang lam thu6c chd'ng sau rang)
(d) Sai V I trong ta't ca cdc hop chat, flo chi c6 s6' o x i hoa duy nha't la - 1 . (e) D i i n g , tinh khir F < Q " < Br" < I " (vi d6 am dien va d6 b^n giam d^n).
=> Co 4 phat bie'u diing.
Dap an diing la D .
Thi du 2: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing?
A . lot c6 ban kinh nguyen tir 16n hom brom B. A x i t H B r c6 tinh axit ye'u hon axit H C l C. Flo CO ti'nh o x i hoa ye'u hon clo
D. Dung djch NaF phan ung vdi dung djch A g N O , sinh ra A g F ke't tiia
(Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang khoiA) Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Br, I e V I I A , vi Z , > Zg^ r, > x^^
- V I rgr > rc, => dH_Br > d^.Q => axit HBr manh hon axit H C l - Fj la chat o x i hoa manh nha't nen tinh oxi hoa F j >
- NaF + A g N O j - > khdng xay ra vi A g F tan.
=> Phat bie'u dung la A . Dap an diing la A .
Thi du 3: Phat bie'u nao sau day khong diing?
A . Dung djch H F hoa tan dugc SiO,
B. Trong cac hop chat, ngoai s6' o x i hoa - 1 , flo va clo con c6 cac s6' o x i hoa + l , + 3 , +5, +7.
C. Flo CO tinh o x i hoa manh hem clo.
D . Mu6'i A g l kh6ng tan trong nu6c, muoi A g F tan trong nirdrc.
(Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang • KhoiA) Hu&ng ddn gidi
X6t cdc phat bie'u:
A . D i i n g : 4 H F + SiOj SiF4 + 2H2O
B. Sai, VI nguyen t6' flo, trong hop cha't chi c6 s6' c x i hoa duy nha't 1 ^ - 1 . C. D i i n g : F j + 2 N a C l ( n / c ) — ^ ^ Q j + 2 N a F
D . D i i n g : Trong cac mu6'i bac halogenua A g X , chi c6 A g F tan t6't trong nude con cac bac halogenua khac ( A g C l , AgBr, A g l ) d^u kh6ng tan
=> Phat bi^u B khdng diing Dap an diing la B .
"ffti du 4- Phat bi^u nao sau day la sai?
^ Ban kinh nguyen tiir cua clo Idn hon ban ki'nh nguyen tiJr ctia flo.
g E)6 am dien ciia brom Ion hon d6 am dien c i a iot.
C Tinh axit ciia H F manh hon tinh axit ciia H C l . t , - D Tinh khiJ ciia ion Br" Ion hon tinh khif c i a ion C P .
(Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc, khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Tinh axit trong day halogenhidric: HF < H C l < H B r < H I (Giai thich dira vao d6 ben lien ke't H - X )
=> Phat bi^u C sai.
Dap an diing la C.
Thidu 5: Phat bi^u nao sau day khdng diing?
A . A x i t H F CO tinh axit ye'u hon axit H I .
B. A x i t H2CO3 CO tinh axit manh hon axit H C I O C. A x i t HCIO4 CO tinh o x i manh hon axit HCIO D. H F CO nhiet d6 s6i cao hon H I .
Hu&ng ddn gidi Nhan xet:
- Tinh axit: H F < H Q < H B r < H I
- Tinh axit H3CO3 > H Q O : H2CO3+ N a C 1 0 - ^ H C 1 0 + N a H C 0 3 - Tinh o x i hod HCIO4 < H Q O :
+ HCIO4 rat b^n, ton tai dang nguyen cha't.
+ HCIO rat kem ben, chi t6n tai trong dung dich rd't loang.
- t ° ( H F ) > t " ( H I ) V I H F CO lien ke't hidro lien phan tir ben hon nhi^u (lien ke't H F phan cue hon lien ke't H -1 )
Dap an diing la C.
52
Thidu 6: Phat bie'u nao sau day la dung?
A . Cho tinh th^ N a l vao dung dich H2SO4 dSc, dun n6ng thu duoc H I B- Sue k h i CI2 vao dung djch N a O H loang, nong thu duoc nu6c Gia-ven.
C. C6ng thijc oxit cao nha't ciia flo la F j O , .
— - ^ ^ j j u o c da CO ca'u triic mang tinh the' phan tii.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH: 2 N a I + 2H2SO4 - > Na2S04 +12 + SO2 + 2H2O
=^ Kh6ng thu duoc H I .
^ H : 3CI2 + 6NaOH — ^ 5NaCl + N a C l O j + 3H2O
^ Khdng thu duoc nudic Javen.
- Nguyen t6 flo khdng tao diroc oxit cao nha't XjO, nhir cdc halogen khdc.
- Nirdc da c6 ca'u true mang tinh th^ phan til.
=> Phat bi^u dung la D.
Dip an diing la D.
Chu y: Cac oxit ciia flo c6 c6ng thiic chung FjOn (n = 1, 2, 3 va 4).
r f