Mg(N03 )2, day g6m cac chat deu tac dung duoc vdi dung dich Ba(HC03 )2 la
A. HNO3, NaQ, H2SO4. V
B. HNO3, Ca(0H )2, KHSO4, Na2S04. itv)
C. NaCl, Na,S04, Ca(OH)2.
t>. HNO3, Ca(OH )2, KHSO4, Mg(N03 )2.
^ (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
cac phuomg an:
A . L o a i vi NaQ.
B. Thoa man:
2HNO3 + BaCHCOj), > BaCNOj), + 2CO ,T + IH^O
Ca(OH)2 + Ba(HC03)2 B a C O j J . + C a C 0 3 i + 2H2O 2 K H S O 4 + Ba(HC03)2 > BaS04i + K2SO4 + ICO.'l + 2H,o Na2S04 + Ba(HC03)2 > BaS04i + 2NaHC03
C. Loai vi N a Q .
D. Loai VI Mg(N03)2. ' - Dap an diing la B.
Thi du 16: H6n hop X chu-a Na20, NH4CI, NaHC03 va BaCl2 c6 s6' m d ^ chat d^u bang nhau. Cho h6n hop X vao H2O (du), dun nong, dung djch thu duoc chiia
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaC^. B. N a Q .
C. NaOH, NaOH. D. N a Q , NaHCOj, NH4CI, BaCU.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) Hu&ng dan gidi
Goi s6' mol m6i cha't Ik x.
Cac P T P L T xay ra:
NajO + H2O > 2NaOH
X 2x
NaHC03 + NaOH > NajCOj + H2O
X X X
Na2C03 + B a a 2 > B a C O j i + 2 N a a
•! X X 2x
NaOH + NH4CI > N H 3 t + NaCl + H . O
( 2 x - x ) X X Vay dung dich thu duoc chi chiia N a Q .
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 17: Co nam dung dich dung rieng bidt trong nam 6'ng nghiem:
.(NH4)2S04, FeCU, Cr(N03)3,'K2CO3, A1(N03)3. Cho dung dich Ba(0H)2 du vao nam dung dich trdn. Sau khi phan ling k6t thiic, s6' 6'ng nghifm c6 k^' tiia la
A. 5. ' ' ^ B.2. C.4. D . 3 . ' ^- ^ ' (Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc kho]^
Hudng ddn gidi
Phan utig hoa hoc xay ra khi cho Ba(OH)2 tdi du vko cac dung dich trfin:
+ Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2S04 > BaSO^i + 2NH3t + 2H2O
+ Ba(OH)2 + F e C l j > F e C O H ) , ! + BaCl2
+ 3Ba(OH)2 + 2Cr(N03)3 > 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Ba(N03)2 / 2Cr(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 > Ba[Cr(OH)4]2 (tan)
+ Ba(OH)2 + K2CO3 > B a C 0 3 i + 2 K O H . , , + 3Ba(OH)2 + 2A1(N03)3 > 2Al(OH)3 + 3Ba(N03)2 , • ,
2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 > Ba[Al(OH)4]2 (tan)
Co 3 ong nghiem c6 ke't tiia. ?:
Pap an dung la D .
fhidu 18: Thi nghidm nao sau day c6 kd't tiia sau phan ling?
A. Cho dung dich NaOH de'n du vao dung dich Cr(N03)3. < ^ B. Th6i CO, den du vao dung dich Ca(OH)2.
C. Cho dung dich H Q den du vao dung dich NaA102 (hoac Na[Al(OH)4]).
D. Cho dung djch NH3 d6'n du vao dung djch A l Q j .
(Tnch Delhi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B) Hudng ddn gidi
+ 3NaOH + Cr(N03)3 > Cr(OH)3 + SNaNO, NaOH(d„) +Cr(OH)3 > Na[Cr(OH)4] (tan) + CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > CaCOj + H2O
CO2 ,d„, + CaC03 + H2O > Ca(HC03)2 (tan) + HCl + N a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 ] > Al(OH)3 + NaCl + H j O
3HCl(d„) + A1(0H)3 % AICI3 + 3H2O (tan)
+ 3NH3,,,) + 3H2O + Aia3 — > Ai(OH)3 4 + 3 N H 4 a ,,: J ), __Dap an diing la D.
Thidu 19: Thuc hi6n cac thi nghifem sau:
(I) Cho dung djch NaCI vao dung djch K O H . ; (II) Cho dung djch Na2C03 vao dung djch Ca(0H)2.
(III) Dien phan dung djch N a Q vdi dien cue tro, c6 mang ngan.
( I V ) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung djch NaN03.
( V ) Sue khi NH3 vao dung djch NaNOj.
I ( V I ) Cho dung djch Na2S04 vao dung djch Ba(0H)2 I Cac thi nghidm di^u che' duoc NaOH la:
I A. I I , I I I va V I . B. I I , V va V I . C. I , I V va V . D. I , I I va H I . .^^ (Trich Di thi tuyin sink Dai hoc khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi + NaCl + K O H > khdng xay ra.
+ Na.COj + Ca(OH)2 > 2NaOH + CaCO, i
+ 2Naa + 2 H , 0 > 2NaOH + Cl^T + H , t i M 'I + Cu(OH)2 + NaNOj >• kh6ng xay ra.
r + NH3 + Na2C03 >• kh6ng xay ra.
+ Na2S04 + Ba(OH)2 > BaS04 i + 2NaOH ' ô i=> Cac thi nghiem di^u che' duoc NaOH la I I , I I I , V I .
Dap an dung la A. ^
Thi du 20: Co th^ dung NaOH (or th^ rSn) d^ lam kh6 cac chat khi A. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, Hj. B. NH3, SO2, CO, CU.
C.NH3,02,N2,CH4,H2. D. N , , a , , O2, CO., H , .
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A, Hu&ng ddn gidi
' NaOH khan CO th^ lam kh6 cac khi NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H , . Dap an dung la C.
Thi du 21: Cho so 66 phan ihig:
NaCl ^ (X) ^ NaHC03 - > (Y) - > NaNOj.
X v a Y c o t h ^ l a
A. NaOH va NaQO. B. NaOH va Na2C03.
C. NaQOj va NajCOj. D. Na2C03 va NaClO.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi 1) Hu&ng ddn gidi
X va Y CO th^ la NaOH va Na2C03:
NaCl > NaOH ^NaHCOj >Na2C03 ^NaNOj NaCl + 2 H , 0 ' P ^ ' > 2NaOH + CI, + H^
m.n
NaOH + CO2 > NaHC03
2NaHC03 '° > Na2C03 + CO, + H.O hoac NaHC03 + NaOH > Na,C03 + H , 0
Na^COj + CaCNOj), > CaC03 + 2NaN03
Dap an diing la B. ^ ^ Thidu 22: Cho day cac chat: KOH, Ca(N03)2, SO3, NaHS04, Na2S03, K,S04. ^
chat trong day tao thanh ket tua khi phan ixng vdd dung dich BaCl, la
A. 4. B.6. C.2. D . 3 . (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoij^
Hudrng ddn gidi Co 3 chat do la:
SO3 + H2O + BaCl 2 > BaS04 i + 2HC1
Na2S03 + BaCl2 > BaS04 i + 2KC1 ^ . K,S04 + BaCl, ). BaS04 i + 2KC1
pap an dung la D.
j-ltidu 23: Cho day cac chat: NH4CI, (NH4)2S04, NaQ, MgCl,, FeCU, A I C I 3 . So chat trong day tac dung vdi lirong du dung djch Ba(OH), tao thanh ket tua la A. 4. B. 1. C.3. D . 5 .
(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac chat do la:
(NH4),S04 + Ba(OH)2 > BaS04 i + 2NH3 + 2H2O MgCI, + Ba(OH), > Mg(OH)2 i + BaCU
FeCK + Ba(OH), > Fe(OH), i + BaCl, Dap an dung la C.
C4u 24: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing?
A. Cac kim loai: natri, bari, beri deu tac dung vdi nu6c a nhidt d6 thucmg IB . Kim loai magie c6 kieu mang tinh the lap phuwng tam dien
f C. Theo chieu tang d^n ciia dien ti'ch hat nhan, cac kim loai kiem th6 (tir beri den bari) c6 nhiet d6 nong chay giam d^n.
D. Kim loai xesi duoc diing de che tao te bao quang dien.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nhan xet:
Kim loai Be (nhom IIA) kh6ng tac dung vdi H , 0 0 bat ki di^u kien nao.
Kim loai M g (nhom IIA) c6 ki^u mang luc phuong.
Cac kim loai kiem th6, do c6 kieu mang tinh the' kh6ng gi<5ng nhau nen cac tinh chat vat li (nhu nhiet d6 nong chay, . . . ) bien d6i khdng c6 quy luat (kh6ng phai 8'am ddn).
Kim loai Cs (nhom l A ) c6 nang lirong ion hod nho nha't (trong s6' tat ca cac kim
^ i tir nhien) nen duoc dung de' che tao te'bao quang dien.
. ^ ^ a n diing la D.
du 25: Cho cac chat: NaHCOj, CO, AKOH),, Fe(OH)3, HF, CU, NH4CI. S6' at tac dung duoc vai dung djch NaOH loang 6 nhiet d6 thiromg la
•6 B. 4 C. 5 D.3 (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hu&ng din gidi Cac chat tac dung vdi dung djch NaOH loang :
NaHC03 + N a O H >Na2C03 +H2C f Al(OH)3 + NaOH ).Na[Al(OH)4
t H F + N a O H ^ N a F + H j O CI 2 +2NaOH
NH4CI + N a O H Co 5 ch^t.
Dap an diing la C .
->NaCl + N a a O + H 2 0 ).NaCl+NH3 + H 2 0
Thi du 26: Cho dung dich BaCHCOj), Mn luot vao cac dung djch: CaQ,, CaCNO,):, NaOH, Na^CO,, KHSO4, Na2S04, Ca(0H)2, H2SO4, HCl. S6' truong hc^p tao ra ke't tua la
A. 5. B.6. C 4 . D . 7 . (Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hockhoi B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH phan ling tao ke't tua:
1) B a ( H C 0 3) 2+ N a O H ^ B a C O , i +NaHC03 + H2O 2) B a ( H C 0 3) 2+ N a 2 C 0 3 - — > B a C 0 3 > l + 2 N a H C 0 3
3) B a ( H C 0 3) 2+ 2 K H S 0 4 - >BaS04 i +2CO2 + 2H2O + K2SO4 4) Ba(HC03)2 + N a 2 S 0 4 -—>BaS04 i +2NaHC03
5) B a ( H C 0 3) 2+ C a ( 0 H) 2 - >BaC03 i +CaC03 i +2H2O 6) Ba(HC03)2 + H2S04 — - > B a S 0 4 i + 2 C 0 2+ 2 H 2 0
=> Co 6 trucmg hop c6 kfe't tua. .. ^ ^.. . Dap an dung la B.
3, Cac bai tap tir luyen:
C a u 1 : Day g6m cac chat d6u tan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang, d u dung '^^^
Ba(OH)2 du, sau phan ling hoan toan deu kh6ng c6 kd't tiia tao ra la A. A l ( O H ) 3 , Zn, K, FeCl2, ZnO
B. NaCl, (NH4)2 CO3, Cr203, Zn, M g C l j C. AI2O3, BaO, K, Cr203, (NH4)2 S D. A l , ZnO, Na, K O H , NH4CI
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Pay g6m cac chaft: , , H2 t + B a [ A l ( O H ) ( A\-^^^2^Al, {SO,)^ + H2 t
B a Z n 0 2 ^ - ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ N a - ^ M ^ Z n S 0 4 + H 2 0 I H2 t +NaOH< '^"'^^""^^ N a - ^ i - ^ N a 2 S 0 4 + H2 t
ddBa(OH)2
KOH<- - K O H +H9S0, ^ ^ ^ K , S O . + H . O
H2O + NH3 + BaCl2 < "^^""^2 NH4CI " " 2 ^ 4 , NH4CI Dap an diing la D.
C4u 2: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing?
A. Nh6m bj thu d6ng c6 the' hoa tan trong dung djch H2SO4 loang.
B. Nh6m tan duoc trong dung djch NaOH la do nh6m phan ihig true tia'p v6i NaOH.
C. Crom la kim loai cihig nha't trong so cac kirn loai.
D. Cho nh6m vao dung djch chira NaNO, va NaOH, dun nong nhe tha'y c6 khi kh6ng mau hoa nau trong khdng khi thodt ra.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Nh6m bi thu d6ng (c6 mang oxit b^n bao vt) kh6ng con phan ihie duoc vdi axit HC1,H2S04.
- Khi phan dug v6i dung dich ki^m:
2A1 + 6H2O - > 2A1(0H)3
A l ( O H ) 3 + N a O H - > N a [ A l ( O H ) /
=> Nhom kh6ng tac dung true tia'p vcA NaOH.
• Crom la k i m loai ciJng nha't trong cac kim loai.
8AI + 5NaOH + SNaNOj + I 8 H 2 O — ^ 8 N a
•T • ••
A l ( O H ) J + 3NH3 t khong mau
Phat bid'u dung la C E>ap an dung la C.
^^u 3: Co cac phat bie'u sau:
(1) A g Q , AgBr, A g l d^u tan trong dung djch NH3 do tao cation phufc [AgCNHj),]*
(2) Nhung la nh6m vao dung djch H2SO4 dac, ngu6i thi la nhdm tan d^n.
(3) Thach cao s6'ng c6 c6ng tMc hoa hoc 1^ CaS04.2H20
(4) Cac kim loai kiim th6 ddu c6 ca'u true mang tinh the' lap phuong tarn dien.
S6'phat bid'u diing la
^•4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1
Hud/ng ddn gidi
- Phat bi^u (1) sai vi A g l kh6ng tan trong dung dich NH,.
- Phat bieu (2) sai vi A l bi thu d6ng trong H 2 S O 4 dac, ngu6i. ^ , - Thach cao s6'ng C O thanh phSn CaS04. ZH.O.
- Phat h'liu (4) sai vi cac kim loai k\tm th6 (IIA) c6 kieu mang tinh thi khac nhau,
=> Co 1 phat bie'u dung.
Dap an dung la D.
C a u 4: Phat h\iu d i i n g la:
A. Dien phan NaCl nong chay sinh ra NaOH
B. SiO, d l dang hoa tan trong Na.CO, nong chay ' C. Dung dich NaHCO, 0,1M c6 pH < 7
D. Kim loai Na chay trong m6i truomg khi oxi kh6 va du, tao ra NajO.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Xet cac phucfng an:
, 2 N a C l > 2Na + CI2 (khong sinh ra NaOH)
.0
Si02 + Na2C03 — ^ NajSiO, + COj
NaHCO, + H20< ằNaOH + H 2 C O 3 (=> pH > 7)
0
2Na + O2 —-— > Na202 (natri peoxit)
=> Phat bie'u B dung.
Dap an diing la B.
C a u 5: Thirc hien cac thi nghidm sau:
(I) Nho dung djch Na.CO, tori du vao dung dich Al(NO,),i.
(II) Nho dung dich NH3 tir tir tori du vao dung djch C U S O 4 .
(III) Cho KOH vao dung dich Ca(HCO,)2.
(IV) Sue khi H.S vao dung dich KMn04 trong m6i trUcmg H 2 S O 4 loang.
S6' thi nghiem khi ket thiic cac phan umg c6 ket t u a xuS't hien la
A. 1 B. 4 C . 2 D. 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi PTHH xay ra:
(1) SNajCO, +2A1(N03)3 + 3 H 2 0 ^ 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +6NaN03 + 3 C O 2 6NH3 + CUSO4 + 2 H 2 0 - > [ C u(NH3) J(0H)2 + {nW^\4
(2) KOH + Ca(HC03)2 ->CaC03 i +KHCO3 + H j O
(3) 5H^S + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 -> 55 i + K 2 S O 4 + 2MnS04 + SHjO Dap an diing la D.
Chuj: 5H2S + 8 K M n 0 4 + 7H2SO4 > AK^SO^ + 8 M n S 0 4 + 12 H 2 O
San pham oxi hoa H^S c6 thd la S; S; S . '
Q^u 6: Khi nghiln clanhke, ngucri ta tr6n tham 5 - 10% chat X d^ di^u chinh toe d6 d6ng eiitig cija xi mang. Chat X la
A. thach cao. B. v6i b6t. C. v6i t6i. D. xi silicat.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trong xi mang chiia 5-10% thach cao (CaS04) da' dieu chinh toe do d6ng cirng ciia xi mang.
Dap an diing la A. , cau 7: Cho cac khoang chat: Da't set, mica, boxit, criolit, xiderit, corindon, phen
chua. So khoang chat c6 thanh phdn chinh chua hop chat ciia nhom la A. 6. B.5. C.4. D. 3.
' Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac khoang cha't chiia horp chat ciia nh6m la:
1) Da't set: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
2) Mica: K20.Al203.6Si02
3) Criolit: Na3AlF6 (3NaF.AlF3) : ; i ! . 4) Corin don: AI2O3
5) Phen chua: K 2 S O 4 . A I 2 ( S O 4 ) , .24H2O
6) Boxit: Al203.nH20 Dap an dung la A.
CAu 8: Cac kim loai ki^m, kim loai kiem th6 k h o n g gap a dang don cha't trong tir nhian vi
A. day la chat hut ^m dac biat. ;U , B. day la nhirng loai duoc di^u che bang phuomg phap dien phan
C. thanh ph^n cua chiing trong tir nhian rat nho.
D. day la nhirng kim loai hoat ddng hoa hoc rat manh.
Hu&ng ddn gidi j ? Kim loai ki^m (nhom l A : L i , Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Kim loai kiem th6 (nhom IIA: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
Oiling la cac kim loai hoat dong hoa hoc rat manh (dimg diu m6i chu ki), Chung da dang tac dung vdri cac chat trong m6i tnromg (HjO, CỘL 1) nan trong tir nhian khong gap chiing a dang don chat.
E>ap an diing la D. ' 9: Chat nao sau day phan ling dugc vdri Al? HI ; i
A. Dung dich Na,S04 B. K h i C O j ' C. Dung dich HNO, dSc, ngu6i D. Dung djch MgCl,
PTPlJ: 4A1 + 3CO2 Dap an dung la B.
Hu&ng ddn gidi 1%.2A1203+3C Dap an dung la B.
Chu V. Kh6ng t h ^ dung CO,; H,0;.. d^ dap tat dam chay k i m loai manh (M„
- A l (Cr, Fe,...) bj thu d6ng hoa trong HNO3 dac, ngu6i. ' Cau 10: Cho cac dung djch: Na^COj, NaOH, A l Q j , H C l , NaHS04. Nd'u tr6n cac
dung dich vdfi nhau tijfng d6i m6t thi c6 nhidu nha't bao nhidu phan ting c6 san ph^m la chat khi?
A . 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
ằ' Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac phan ung hoa hoc sinh ra chat k h i :
N a 2 C 0 3 + 2 H C l > 2NaCl + CO2 t+ H 2 O Na2C03 + 2NaHS04 ).2Na2S04 + CO2 t +H2O
3Na2C03 + 2AICI3 + 3H2O >2A\{OH\ +3CO2 t +6NaCl Dap an diing la D
C^u 1 1 : X la m6t peoxit k i m loai ki^m c6 mau da cam, trong d6 oxi chi6'm 4 1 % ve kh6'i lugfng. Trong so d6 phan ung:
X , >X ^ " 2 " ) X 2 >X3 ^ X , . T h i X„ X 2 , X , iSnlirotla:
A. N a 2 0 2 , N a O H , 0 2 C. 0 2 , K 0 H , K N O 3
B. O2, NaOH, N a N 0 3 D. 0 2 , N a O H , N a 2 C 0 3 Hu&ng ddn gidi
X dang: M^O, (hop chat peoxit). Theo bai ra:
16.2.10 = 41 ^ 2 M + 32 = 78 =>M = 23(Na) S 2 M + 16.2
=> X la N a i O , (natri peoxit) PTHH:
2Na + 0 2 — ^ N a 2 0 2 ( X . ) ( X )
N a z O j + 2 H 2 0 - > 2NaOH + H2O2 ( X ) ( X 2 ) N a O H + HNO3 N a N O j + H2O ( X 2 ) . ( X 3 ) - J O
2NaN03 '° > 2 N a N 0 2 + 0 2
{ X 3 ) ( X , ) , N - , : . •
Vay X „ X,, X 3 ISn luot la O2, NaOH, NaNOj ^ ,„ , , p^p an dung la B.
12: Trong cac phat bi^u sau:
(1) Theo chi^u tang din didn tich hat nhan, cac k i m loai ki^m th6 (tir Be ddn Ba) c6 nhi6t d6 nong chay giam din.
(2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung d^ chfi' tao td' bao quang didn.
(3) K i m loai M g c6 kid'm manh tinh thd' lap phirong tam didn.
(4) Cac k i m loai Na, Ba, Be d i u tac dung vdi nuoc b nhidt d6 thuomg.
(5) K i m loai M g tac dung vdi hoi nude 6 nhidt d6 thu6ng. . Cac phat bieu d u n g la
A (2), (4) B . ( l ) , ( 2) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) !/.
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (2), (5) Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac phat bid'u diing:
(2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung dd' chd' tao td' bao quang didn (do Cs c6 nSng lucmg ion hoa rat nho).
(5) K i m loai M g tac dung v6i hoi nir6c b nhidt d6 cao:
M g + H 2 0 ( h ) — ^ M g O + H2 Dap an diing la D.
Cau 13: Viet phucmg trinh hoa hoc dd' giai thich cac hidn tuong xay ra k h i
a) Cho dung dich NH3 du vao dung djch A I C I 3 ^;
b) Cho tir t u dung djch NaOH ddn du vao dung djch A I Q ,
c) Cho tir tir dung dich Al2(S04)3 vao dung djch N a O H va ngiroc lai.
d) Sue t& tir dd'n du khi CO, vao dung djch NaAlO, e) Cho tif tir ddn du dung djch HCl vao dung dich NaAlO,.
Hu&ng ddn gidi PTHH:
a) 3NH3 + 3H2O + A l Q j )• A l (OH)^ i + 3 N H 4 a ,
^) S N a O H+ A l Q j > A l ( O H) 3 i+ 3 N a C l
NaOH (du) + A l ( O H) 3 > NaA102 +2H2O . j) i
^) AI2 (SO4 \ 8NaOH -> 2NaA102 + 3Na2S04 + 4H2O 2f' 6NaOH + AI2 (SO4 \ 2 A l (OH)^ i +3Na2S04
§L N a O H + A1(0H)3 > NaA102 + 2H2O
d) CO2 + 2H2O + NaA102 Al(OH)3 i + NaHCO, e) HCl + NaAlO^ + > Al(OH)3 i +NaCl
3HC1 + Al(OH)3 > AICI3 + 3H2O
Cau 14: Vid't phircmg trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan img thirc hi€n day chuyd'n doi sm,.
A l- i l U A i a ,- ^ A l ( O H ) , - H ^ > M 1 0 2 - ^ A 1 ( C H ^ ^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH xay ra trong so d6:
(1) 2A1 + 3CI2 > 2AICI3
(2) AICI3 + 3NaOH > A1 ( 0H) 3 i + 3NaCl (3) A l ( O H ) , + NaOH > NaA102 + 2H2O
(4) NaAlOj + CO2 + 2H2O — ^ Al(OH)3 i + NaHC03 (5) 2 A l ( O H) 3 — ^ AI2O3 + 3H2O
i (6) 2AI2O3 > 4AI + 3O2 t (dien phan nong chay) Cau 15: Cho dung djch Ca(OH), vao dung dich Ca(HCO,)2 se:
A. Co ket tua trdng B. Co hot khi thoat ra C. Co kd't tiia trSng va hot khi D. Kh6ng c6 hidn tuong gi
Hu&ng ddn gidi Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HC03)2 > 2CaC03 i + H2O
Trang Dap an dung la A.
Cau 16: X6'p cac kim loai kiem th6 theo chidu tang cua diSn tich hat nhSn, thi A. ban kinh nguyen tir giam d^n.
B. nang lucmg ion hoa giam dSn.
C. tinh khir giam ddn.
D. kha nang tac dung vcfi nude giam ddn.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trong Cling 1 nhom A , theo chi^u tang ciia Z (tir trfin xu6'ng dudi) thi "a"^
lugrng ion hoa giam din.
Dap an diing la B.
Cau 17: Co gi gidng va khac nhau khi cho khi C O 2 va dung dich H Q loang tac ^^^^
vdri dung djch NaAlOi ? Vid't phuong trinh h6a hoc ciia cic phan iJng xay ra.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Gi6'ng nhau: dau xua't hidn ket tiia.
fChacnhau:
j^e't tiia xuS^t hidn, khdng tan trong CO, dir :
NaAlOj + C O 2 + 2H,0 > A l ( O H) 3i + NaHCOj I^e't tiia xua't hien r6i tan trong dung dich H Q du :
NaAlO, + HCl + H , 0 > AKOH), i + NaQ Al(OH)3 + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3H2O
Ciiu 18: Tuy thu6c vao n6ng d6 ciia dung djch HNO3, A l c6 th^ khir HNO3 thanh MO2, N2O, NO, N , , NH4NO3. Vid't phuong trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan ihig.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cic phuong trinh hoa hoc :
A l + 6HNO3 A l + 4HNO3 8A1 + 3OHNO3 lOAl + 36HNO3 8A1 + 3OHNO3 -
A1(N03)3 + 3N02t + 3H2O -> AI(N03)3 + N O t +2H2O
— > 8A1(N03)3 + 3N20t + I5H2O
> 10Al(NO3)3 + 3 N j t + 18HjO -> 8A1(N03)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O cSu 19: Co gi gi6'ng nhau va khac nhau khi nho tir tiJr cho ddn dir a) Dung djch NHj vao dung dich AIQ3?
b) Dung djch Ba(OH)2 vao dung dich AlQj?
Hu&ng ddn gidi a) Kd't tiia tao ra kh6ng tan trong dung djch NH3 dir:
AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A1(0H)3 4- + 3NH4a b) Kd't tiia tao ra tan trong dung djch Ba(0H)2 dir:
2AICI3 + 3Ba(OH)2 > 2Al(OH)3i + 3Baa2 2AI(OH), + Ba(OH)2 — > Ba(A102)2 + 4H2O CJu 20: Nh6m hidroxit thu duoc tir each lam nao sau day?
A. Cho du dung djch HCl vao dung dich natri aluminat.
B. Th6i du khi COi vao dung djch natri aluminat.
C. Cho du dung djch NaOH vao dung djch A l Q j . D. Cho AI2O3 tac dung vdi nirdc.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cho du dung djch H Q vao dung djch natri aluminat kh6ng thu duoc k6t tiia, vi
•fft tua Al(OH)j vira tao th^nh tan trong HCl du:
HCl + NaAlOj + H2O >-Naa + AI(OH)3 4' 3 H C U + Al(OH)3 ->A1C13 + 3H20
lTi6i du khi CO, vao dung djch natri aluminat tao duoc ke't tiia Al(OH)3, ket tiia
•^^y khdng tan trong CO, du
COj + NaAlOj + 2H,0 > NaHCO, + AKOH),^
- Cho dir dung dich NaOH vao dung djch AlQj liic dSu cung c6 k€t tiia xua't hi^n nhung kS't tiia lai tan trong NaOH du:
3NaOH + AlCl3 •> Al(OH)3 i + SNaQ *' NaOH + Al(OH)3 > NaAlO, + 2H2O
- AI2O3 kh6ng tac dung v6i nude. ' ' ' ' ' Dap dn dung la B.
C. B A I T A P T6N G H O P
C^u 1: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vao 1 lit dung dich CUSO4 0,0IM. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, khd'i luong kfi't ttia thu duoc la
A. 2,33 gam B. 0,98 gam C. 3,31 gam D. 1,71 gam
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khd'i A nam 201?,, Hu&ng ddn gidi
Kd't tiia thu duoc g6m:
BaS04 0,01 mol (bao toan nguydn t6' bari hoac g6c sunfat) Cu(OH)2 0,01 mol (bao toan nguydn t6' d6ng)
Vay khd'i luong ke't tiia bang 0,01. 233 + 0,01. 98 = 3,31 gam Dap an diing la C.
Cau 2: H6n hop X g6m Na, Ba, Na20 va BaO. H6a tan ho^n toan 21,9 gam X vao nu6c, thu duoc 1,12 lit khi Hj (dktc) va dung dich Y, trong do c6 20,52 gam Ba(0H)2. Ha'p thu hoan toan 6,72 lit khi CO, (dktc) vao Y, thu duoc m gam ket tiia. Gia tri ciia m 1^
A. 15,76 B. 39,40 C. 21,92 D. 23,64
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 201J) ' Hu&ng ddn gidi
De gidi nhanh hdi nay can AT? dung phucfng phdp quy dSi nguyen tvC, van dun^
cac dinh lugt hdo toan nguyen to, hdo toan electron de'lap cdc phifong trinh da sd'vd viet phUcfng trinh phan img dang ion rut gon.
S6mol cdc chat: n^^^ = 0,05(mol);nco2 = 0,3(mol);
n M o H ) 2 = ^ = 0.l2(mol)
Quy d6i h6n hop X thanh: Na (x mol); Ba (y mol) va O^" (z mol).
Taco: 23x + 137y + 16z = 21,9
y = Hg^^oH^^ = 0,12 (mol) (Bao toan bari)
Vi electron duoc bao toan ndn: x. 1 + y.2 = z. 2 + 0,05. 2 => x + 2y - 2z = 0,1 Giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,14; y = 0,12; z = 0,14
Trong Y c6: nN,oH = nN, = x = 0,14 (mol); ng^^Q^j^ =0,12 (mol)
=> n =0,14+ 0,12. 2 = 0,38 (mol); n 2+ =0,12 (mol)
C 0 2 + 0 H - - > H C 0 J r .
0,3 ^ 0,3 0,3 f
Hcoj+oH- ^ C 0 2 - + H 2 O
(0.38-0,3)^0,08 _ ^••^''-^•'•"S ^f..;,
COf" + Ba^^ -> BaCOj i 0,08 -> 0,08
v a y m = 0,08 . 197 = 15,76 (gam) Dap an diing la A.
Cau 3: Didn phan nong chay AUOj vdi cac didn cue bang than chi, thu durôc m kilogam Al or catot va 89,6 m' (dktc) h6n hop X d anot. Ti khd'i ciia X so vdi H2 bang 16,7. Cho 1,12 lit X (dktc) phan ihig vdi dung dich Ca(OH)2 du, thu duoc 1,5 gam ke't tiia. Bid't cac phan umg xay ra hoan toan. Gia tri ciia m 1^
A. 144,0 B. 104,4 C. 82,8 D. 115,2
(Trich dS thi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khi gidi hdi nay can chu y trong hSn hop khi sinh ra do khi oxi ddt chay dien cue than chi la CO, CO2 va Oj.
89 6
Theo bai ra: nx,,, = —— = 4 (Kmol) 22,4
"cacoa = 0,015(mol); 0^(3) = ^ = 0,05(mol)
Goi X, y, z Idn luot 1^ sd' mol CO, CO, va O2 trong 1,12 lit X.
Theo bM ra ta cd: x + y + z = 0,05 (1)
=>28x + 44y + 32z= 1,67 (2) PTHH: CO, + Ca(OH)2 ^ CaC03>t + H2O
y ^ y
=>y = 0,015 (3) Tir (1, 2, 3) zz> x = 0,0275; y = 0,015; z = 0,0075
Suy ra trong 1,12 lit X cd sd mol nguyfin tijf oxi \h: ' 0,0275 + 0,015.2 + 0.0075.2 = 0,0725 (mol)
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