HNO3 37,8% tha'y n6ng do phSn tram cua mu6'i trong dung dich thu duoc la 41,72%. Khi lam lanh dung djch nay thi thoat ra 8,08g mu6'i ran. Loc tach muoi ran tha'y n6ng d6 phSn tram ciia mu6'i trong dung dich la 34,7%.
C6ng thiic muoi ran thoat ra la
A. CUSO4.5H2O. B. Fe2(S04)3.7H20 C. Fe(N03)3.9H20. D. Cu(N03)2.7H20
Hu&ng dan gidi
V\2 du ndn M c6 hoa trj cao nha't trong oxit. .(ISHH,) ft 111 lorn. hằk
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViOt
2MS + (2 + n : 2 ) 0 2 M 2 0 „ + 2SO2 0,5a
.2M(N03)_^ +nH20 M 2 0 „ + 2nHN03
0,5a an a
Kh6'i luong dung djch H N O 3 : m = an x 63 x 100: 37,8 = 500an : 3 (g) Khd'i luong dung djch sau phan ling: m = aM + 8an + 5(X)an : 3 (g) Ta c6: (aM + 62an) : (aM + 524an : 3) = 0,4172
N e n M = 18,65n. l.^ y; <t:r-:j.,,.
Qion n = 3. Suy ra M = 56 (Fe). i,,Ov/V; rt;V; ;i';v<:, -^-f^. . Tac6:a(M + 32) = 4,4. Suy ra a = 0,05 life-sHk-J
Kh6'i lugmg Fe(N03)3 la: m = 0,05 x 242 = 12,1 (g).
Kh6'i luong dung djch sau khi muoi k€t tinh:
mjd = aM + 524an: 3 - 8,08 = 20,92 (g) ' Khoi lucmg Fe(N03)3 con lai trong dung djch la:
m = 20,92 X 34,7 : 100 = 7,25924 (g) , .;, ^ a ; Kh6'i luong Fe(N03)3 ke't tinh: m = 12,1 - 7,25924 = 4,84 (g) Dat c6ng thiic Fe(N03)3.nH20
Suy ra 4,84 : 242 x (242 + 18n) = 8,08. Suy ra n = 9.
C6ng thirc mu6'i ngam nude ke't tinh: Fe(N03)3.9H20. ];
Dap an diing la C. ..: • C^u 21: Cho hai binh c6 thi tich bang nhau:
- Binh (1) chua 1 (mol) CU; binh (2) chiia 1 (mol) O,
- Cho vao hai binh 2,4 (gam) bot kim loai M c6 hoa trj kh6ng d6i. Dun nong hai binh da' cac phan ihig trong chiing xay ra hoan toan, r6i dua hai binh v6 nhiet do ban ddu, nhan tha'y luc do ti s6' ap sua't khi trong hai binh la:
Kim loai M la A. Al.
IS 1,9 B.Cu. C . M g .
Hu&ng ddn gidi Binh 1: 2M + nCl, ->2MC1„ , ;
a na/2 mol
Goi a (mol) la s6' mol cua M tuong irng voi 2,4 (gam)
D.Zn.
=> sau phan iJng trong binh (1) con Binh 2: 4 M + n02 ->2M20„
a na/4 mol sau phan ung trong binh (2) con
1 - na
mol a .
1 - na mol O,
Nghi^m phu hc>p: n = 2 M = 24
• M la kim loai Mg. * rf:M'>
Dap an diing la C. ' i ' ' ^ulX:iL,4 MK'< ; oui,:!^^-v
Cau 22: Mot khoang vSt X gdm 2 nguydn t6': A (kim loai) va B (phi kim).
Khi d6't X dircrc chat ran Y (A.O,) va khf Z (BO,) trong do phSn tram kh6'i liigng ciia A trong Y la 70% va cua B trong Z la 50%.
- Y tac dung vira du vod 1,8 (g) Hj or nhifit do cao. •''^ s
- Z tac dung vifa dij vori 117,6 (g) KiCr^O, trong m6i trucmg H-,S04 du cho mu6i Cr^^
Khoi lucmg X da d6't la
A . 36 gam. B. 72 gam. C. 144 gam. D. 18 gam.
f ! Hu&ng dan gidi A 2 0 3 ( Y )
B 0 2 ( Z ) Sod6: A . B ,
%A
%B =
2 A. 100 2A + 16.3
B.lOO
= 7 0 = > A - 5 6 = > A = Fe
B+16.2 = 50=^B = 32=>B = S t -> 2Fe + 3H,0 Y + H,: Fe^Oj + SH,
1 1 1 8 nFe203 = 3nH2 =5Y = 0-3(mol)
=2.nFe203 = 0,3.2 = 0,6(mol) ,. , K , C r A + 350, +H2SO4 -
0,4 (mol) 1,2 (mol)
" K 2 C , , O 7 = ^ = 0,4(mol)
=>ns = 1,2 (mol) =
Vdri c6ng thiic Fe,Oy ta c6 ty 16 x : y = 0,6 : 1,2 hay 1: 2
=> X la FeS, (pirit sat). Kh6'i luomg X dem d6't la:
"iFeS2 = (56-0,6) + (32.1,2) = 72(g).
Dap an diing la B.
K,S04 + Cr,(S04)3 + H2O
CHUYEN o f 3: KTTHUAT GIAI N H A N H CAC D/^NG BAI T iằ P Vl N H 6 M NITO . P H O T P H O
^ . L I T H U Y E T
I . TJNH C H A T CUA N I T O VA HOP C H A T CUA N I T O
r — I 77 \ r — i
C6ng thu-c
ca'u tao
Tinh chat vat Ii
Nito N ,
Amoniac
NH3
Mu6'i amoni
NH;
Tinh chat hoa hoc
- Khf.
- Khong mau.
- Kh6ng mui - ft tan.
H - N - H H
- It hoat ddng hoa hoc or didu kien thuong.
- Khf.
- Khong mau.
- Mui khai.
- Tan nhiSu.
H - N - H H •
Axit nitric
H N O 3
- R a n .
- Kh6ng mau.
- Di6n l i manh. . i - Deu tan.
H - O - N ^6
Mu6'i nitrat
NO3-
' O
Di^u
cha' * NH4N0,
.0
N,T + 2H,0
* Chung cat phan doan khfing khi long.
- Tfnh bazo yfe'u:
- Tinh khir:
4NH3 + 5O2
4 N O + 6H2O 2 N H 3 + 3 C U O
— i - ^ 3 C u
+N,+3H,0|
- Tao phiic Cu(OH)2 + 4 N H
^ [Cu(NH3)4]'^
+ 2 0 H
- Thuy phan:
NH; +H,O
<=^NH3 + H3O"
- D l bj nhiet phan huy ^
-Long.
^- Kh6ng mau.
- Difn l i manh.
- Tan v6 han
O 0- Nt = 0
*NH;+OH-
N H j t + H, 0
* N 2+ 3 H ,
<=i 2NH3
NH, + H^
- La axit manh
HN03->
H^ + NO;
La cha't oxi hoa manh.
- R a n .
- Kh6ng mau.
- Didn l i manh.
- D6u tan.
- Phan huy bcri nhidt:
- La chat oxi hoa trong m6i truorng axit hoac khi dun nong.
2KNO3 + s
+ 3 C ^ K,S - I-N2+3C6,
NH;
- Tao m6i|
truorng tra - San xua't NHv
- San xua't phan bon,
H N O 3
- San xua't phan bon.
*NaN03(r)+
H2S04,j)
.0 HNO3 +
NaHSO.
NH3-> NO
NO, HNO, - San xua't phan dam, thu6'c n6, ...
Kim loai, bazo,oxit bazo, mu6'i khac +
HNO3
- San xua't phan dam, thudc n6.
la thu&tm&i gidi nhatih BTHod hgc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan
I I . T I N H C H A T CLIA D O N C H A T N I T O V A P H O T P H O
Nitof Photpho
Ca'u tao phan
* 1 >
, ' , >, , f
- i f f
] ' 1 ' * 1 ! U
- P trSng CO ( phan t u P4
- P do CO ca'u trang(P4)„ :.
:a'u true tinh th^
V .-•'Hit
true polime ciia P
Do am didn 3,04 2,19
So oxi hoa - 3 , 0 , + l , + 2 , + 3 , + 4 , + 5 - 3 , 0, +3, +5
Tinh chat hoa hoc
1 > N : ti'nh khu.
- 3
• " " 2 > N . tinh oxi hoa.
> p , p : tinh khir.
+ C l 2 ( B r 2 )
po •;!;:•
-3 •
> P:tinhoxihoa
Dieu che
- NH4NO2 — ^ N. + 2 H , 0 - Chung cat phan doan khdng k h i l o n g .
CajCPOJ. + SSiO, + 5C
> 3CaSi03 + 2P
. V . v , + 5 C 0
I:
III. T I N H C H A T C U A A X I T N I T R I C V A A X I T P H O T P H O R I C
• Axit nitric Axit photphoric
ca'u tao H - o - Ntr
S6' oxi hoa ciia N: + 5
H - 0 \
H - O - / P = 0 H - O ^ So o x i hoa ciia P: +5
"frnfTcha't vat If
Chat long khdng mau, b6c khoi manh va tan v6 han trong nude
Tinh the khong mau, d l chay rife va tan v6 han trong nude.
Tfnh chat hoa hoc
A x i t manh c6 d^y dii tinh chat chung cua axit, chat oxi hoa manh:
- Tac dung vdd hdu hd't kirn loai.
- Tac dung voi m6t s6 phi kim - Tac dung v6i nhieu hop chat c6 tfnh khir.
A x i t trung binh, ba na'c c6 tfnh chat chung ciia axit.
- Tac dung v6i oxit bazo, baza manh tao ba loai mu6'i tiiy thu6c vao t i 16 mol cac cha't phan umg.
- Kh6ng CO tfnh oxi hoa
Dieu che
- NaNO, (ran) + H:S04 (dac) -> NaHS04 + HNO3 . N H , , NO )
N O . - 1 ^ 2 l ! l 2 C L^ H N 0 3
- P + 5HN03->
H3PO4 + SNO. + H2O -Ca3(P04), + 3H,S04->
2H3P04 + 3CaS04|
. P _ J : 2 2 _ ^ p,03
+"2° >H3P04
IV. T I N H C H A T C U A M U O I N I T R A T V A M U O I P H O T P H A T
Muoi nitrat Muoi photphat
Tfnh cha't vat If
Cac muoi nitrat d6u tan, dien li manh, kern ben nhiet.
Mu6'i C L i a kim loai ki6m, amoni va dihidrophat tan. Cac muoi photphat noi chung ben nhiet.
Tfnh cha't hoa hoc
Phan huy
M(NO,)„
nhiet:
- ^ ^ M ( N O , ) „ + ^ 0 2
(2) > M A + 2 n N 0 . + - O 2
M + nNO, + ^ 0 2
- Co tfnh chat chung c i i a
mu6'i.
- Kho bi nhiet phan.
I ' t V . •
1 9 9
M ( l ) : K - ^ C a M (2): M g -> Cu M (3): Sau Cu
Chat oxi hoa trong m6i trucmg axit hoac dun nong.
Nhan bid't
Dung Cu + H2SO4 loang -)• khi hoa nau.
3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3 ^ 3Cu-* +
, ,^ 2NOT + 4H2O 2N0 + 0 . -> 2NO2
nau do
Dung dich A g N O , -> ivang 3 A g * + P O ^ -
A g j P O a Vang V. AXIT NITRIC HNO, *
1. Cau tao phan t u
HNO3 la oxiaxit H O N O , :
Trong hop chat HNO3, nguyan t6' nito c6 s6' oxi hoa cao nha't la +5, c6 c6ng hoa tri bang 4.
2. Tinh chat vat li * - La chat long, khdng mau, tan trong nu6c theo bat k i ti la nao (thucmg tha'y loai
dac nha't c6 n6ng do 68%), b6'c khoi trong kh6ng khi im (do HNO3 bay hoi ket hop vdi hoi nuf6c tao thanh cac hat sa mu gi6'ng nhu khoi).
- A x i t nitric di lau thudng c6 mau vang la do H N O , kern b^n, ngay d diau kien thuomg khi c6 anh sang bi phan huy:
4HNO3 > 4 N 0 : + O, + 2aO ' K h i NO2 (mau nau do) tan trong dung dich axit, lam cho dung dich axit c6
mau vang.
3. Tinh chat hoa hoc
a. A x i t nitric HNO3 c6 dSy dii nhOng tinh chat ciia axit manh:
, . HNO3,ad, > + NO3 ^ ^, .^^^^, i 6HN03 + F e A > 2Fe(N03)3 + 3 H P , f
' 3HN03 + Fe(OH)3 > Fe(N03), + 3 H , 0 i V f r f ) - ^
; 2HN03 + CaC03 )• Ca(N03)2 + CO, + H^O ^'^ ' : \
Cty TNHHMTVDWH Khang Vic!
^ Axit nitric la m6t trong nhutig axit c6 tinh oxi hoa manh.
* Tuy thudc vao ndng d6 cua axit, ban chat cua chat khu va nhiat d6 ma N trong HNO3 CO th^ bi khir de'n m6t s6' san phim ma nito c6 s6' oxi hoa th^p hon nhu
N O , N 2 O , N 2 , N H 3 ( N H 4 N 0 3 ) . . . . . , 4 0 ! , , ^.^
* Tac dung vdi k i m loai:
+ Trong dung dich HNO3, ion N O J c6 kha nSng oxi hoa manh hon ion H\n HNO3 oxi hoa duoc hdu het cac kim loai (trir A u , Pt).
+ Phan iJng giGa k i m loai va axit nitric khong bao gicr giai phong Hj.
+ Tuy thudc vao n6ng d6 axit, tfnh khir ciia kim loai ma c6 th^ tao ra cac san phim khir la NO,, NO, N^O, N, hoac NH4NO3.
K i m loai ya'u (Cu, Ag) + HNOjdac > san phim khijf NO2 (m^u n&u):
A g + 2HNO3 > AgNO, + NO, + H^Q
K i m loai ya'u (Cu, Ag) + H N O , loang > san ph^m khir NO:
3Cu + 8HNO3,1) > 3Cu(N03), + 2 N 0 + 4 H , 0
K i m loai manh + HNO3 loang > san phim khir N.O, N,, NH4NO3:
4 Z n + 1OHNO3,,) > 4Zn(N03), + NH4NO3 + 3 H , 0 + .
+ K i m loai c6 nhiau hoa tri (Fe, Cr, ...) tac dung voi axit H N 0 3 t a o r a mu6'i nitrat, trong do k i m loai c6 s6' oxi hoa cao nha't thucmg gap:
Fe + 4 H N O 3 (I) > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2 H , 0
+ Cac k i m loai nhir A l , Cr, Fe b| thu dpng hoa trong axit HNO3 dac, ngu6i vi tao nan tren be mat cac k i m loai nay m6t lofp mang oxit b^n, bao ve cho kim loai khong tac dung vdi axit HNO3 va nhOtig axit khac ma trudc do chiing tac dung da dang.
* Axit HNO3 tac dung diroc vdi nhi^u phi k i m va hcKp cha't:
S + HNO3 ,a,,, > H,S04 + 6 N 0 , + 2H2O 3H,S + 2HNO3 ,„ > 2S + 2 N 0 + 4H3O
3 F e O + IOHNO3,„ > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + S f t O t- 3 F e( 0 H ) , + 1OHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + N O + SH^O 4- Bieuche ; • , V „ T : V , . . . .
^- Trong phong thf nghiam. „ '
NaNOj,,, + H,S04(,) — ^ H N O j t + NaHS04
Phuong phap nay chi duoc dung de' di^u che m6t lirong nho axit H N O 3 hoc khoi.
rvj inuui mm gtat nnann Di noa ngc, lap z - L U i nann i oan
b. Trong cong nghiep.
Axit HNO, duoc san xua't tir NH,:
NH3 ^"2 > NO > NO, " " 2 " > HNO3.
Qua trinh san xua't g6m 3 giai doan:
Oxi hoa khi NH3 blng oxi kh6ng khi:
4NH3 + 5 0 , Pt(xl) 8 5 0 ° C - 9 0 0 ° C
Oxi hoa NO thanh NO,:
4NO + 6H,0
2NO + O, -> 2NO, - Chuy^n hoa NO, thanh HNO3:
4 N O 2 + O: + 2H2O > 4 H N O 3 (52% - 6 8 % ) . - • .
5. Motsochiiy • .,„.,,; ,.,„,,;,.• „ - . i ' M - V . .::'.„• i.,.
- Trong thirc te' nong d6 ciia HNO3 thay d6i trong qua trinh xay ra phan iJng n€n khi cho m6t kim loai tac dung v6\t HNO3 dac c6 the tao ra nhidu san ph&m khir khac nhau.
- Nirdc ciromg thuy (con goi la nudôc cucmg toan) la dung dich chura h6n hop HNO3
va HCl theo ti le 1 : 3 so mol. Nude cuong thiiy hoa tan duoc Au, Pt (khong hoa tan dugc kim loai Ag vi tao ra ket tua AgCl can tro phan ung):
Au + H N O 3 + 3HC1 > AUCI3 + 4 N O + 2H,0
^ PtCU + 4 N 0 + 8H,0 '4 3AgCl i + NO + 2H,0
Pt + 4 H N 0 3 + 12HC1
Ag + H N O 3 + 3HC1 -
Khi hoa tan H N O 3 dac vao axit HCl dac, H,S04 dac:
H N O 3 + 3HC1 ^ 2C1 + NOCl + 2H3O H N O 3 , , , + H,so4,,, ^ NO^ + HSO4 + ao
Axit H N O 3 oxi hoa cac hop chat sat (II) thanh hop chat (Fe(N03)3):
+2 „„.„,.,
Fe (FeO, FeCl,, FeS04, FeC03, Fe304, Fe(0H)2) +HNO-, > Fe(N03)3
Con cac hop cha't sat (III) nhir oxit (Fe^Oj), hidroxit (Fe(OH)3) tac dung voi axit
HNO3 theo kieu axit - baza: , . . , ,, . >.
F e A + 6 H N O 3 > 2Fe(N03)3 + SH,© .,,OVm' O^m Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + 3 H: 0 >, , . >, ^
y l P H A N D A M : D A M A M O N I , D A M N I T R A T V A D A M U R E
Phan dam amoni Phan dam nitrat Phan dam ure
Thanh phan
Cac muoi amoni:
(NH4)2S04:21%N (Dam mot la).
NH4NO3: 35%N
(Dam hai la).
Cac muoi nitrat:
NaN03: 16%N;
Ca(N03),: 17%N.
(NH2)2CO: 46%N.
Ti'nh tan D6 tan trong nir6c D l tan trong nu6c
D l tan va tac dung voi nu6c:
(NH2),CO + 2 H, 0
^ (NH4)2C03
Dieu che
Cho NH3 tac dung voi axit tuong ling:
2NH3+H3SO4
NH4),S04
Cho axit nitric tac dung vdri mu6'i cacbonat tuotng ung:
CaC03 + 2HNO3 -> Ca(N03),
+ C O , t + H 2 O
Cho khi CO, tac dung voi NH3 6 ap sua't cao, nhidt d6 cao:
CO,+2NH3
180atm,200''c ^ (NH2)2CO + H, 0
VII. PHAN L A N : S U P E P H O T P H A T DON, S U P E P H O T P H A T K E F VA PHAN L A N NUNC C H A V ,„„' ,„ . . ^ . . i ;
Supephotphat don
Supephotphat kep
Phan Ian nung chay Thanh
phdn
H6n hop Ca(H2P04), va CaS04.
Ca(H,P04),. H6n hofp photphat va silicat ciia canxi va magie.
Do dinh duong ciia phan
1 4 - 2 0 % P2O5 40 - 50% P,05 1 2 - 14%P205
Ti'nh tan Chiia CaS04 khong tan. Tan. Kh6ng tan.
Di^u che
Cho quang apatit (photphorit) tac dung vdi H,S04 dac:
Ca3(Pb4), + 2H,S04 ->
Ca(H,P04)3 + CaS04i hoac:
3Ca3(P04)2.CaF, + 7H2SO4 -> 7CaS04 i + 3Ca(H,P04), + 2HF
Xay ra 2 giai doan:
Di^u che H3PO4:
Ca3(P04)2+3H,S04 2H3P04 + 3CaS04i Diau cheCa(H2P04),:
3Ca3(P04)2. C a k +
I4H3PO4 - >
10Ca(H,PO4)2 + 2 H F t
Nung h6n hap apatit
(photphorit), da xa van, than c6c a 1000°C.
•<\"h.
133
V I I I . P H A N K A L I ; P H A N H6N H O P , P H A N PHCTC V A P H A N V I L U O N G
H O P
Phan kali Ph^n hdn hop va phan
phurc hop Phan vl luong - Cung ca'p nguyen t6' K
dang ion K* cho c^y tr6ng.
- Giiip cay trdng ha'p thu nhi^u dam, tao chat ducmg, xo, chd'ng benh, chju ret, han.
- D6 dinh duong cua phan duoc danh gia theo % khtfi liromg K2O tirong ling vori luong K CO trong phan.
- Thu6ng dung mu6'i: K Q , K2SO,, K2CO3,...
- Cung ca'p d6ng thoi m6t s6' nguyfin td dinh dudng cho cay tr6ng.
- Phan h6n hop: Phan NPK chiia N , P, K. V i du:
Phan Nitrophotka la h6n hop (NH4),HP04 va KNO3.
- Phan phiic hop:
Amophot la hdn hop cac mudi NH4H2PO4 va (NH4),HP04
- Cung ca'p m6t s6' nguydn t6' nhu B, Zn, M n . . . cho cay tr6ng.
- Co tac dung kich thich qua trinh sinh trircmg v^ trao ddi chat.
- Duoc dua vao ciing vdi phan vd co vk hihi CO.
B. C A C DANG BAI T A P T R O N G T H I T U Y ^ N SINH DH-CD
Dang 1: Bdi tap ve amoniac va phan ting tong hap amoniac 1. L I thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
a) Tdc dung vdi nude
" N H 3 + H2O N H; + O H -
Trong dung dich, amoniac la bazo yfi'u. Co the' dung gia'y quy tim ^m de' nhan bie't khi amoniac, quy tim se chuye'n thanh mau xanh.
b) Tdc dung vdi dung dich muoi
Thi du: AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A1(0H)3 i + 3NH4CI Al^^ + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A l ( O H)3 ^ + 3 N H ; c) Tdc dung vdi axit
Thidu: NH3 + HCl > NH4CI amoni clorua
2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2S04 amoni sunfat.
d) Tdc dung vdi oxi
Amoniac chay trong oxi cho ngon lijfa mau vang, tao ra khi nito va hoi nude:
4NH3 + 3O2 — ^ 2N2 + 6H2O „,
134
g) Tdc dung vdi do
C\o oxi hoa manh amoniac tao ra nito va hidro clorua:
2NH3 + 3CI2 > N2 + 6HC1 '' \ Ddng thdi N H , ke't hop ngay vdi H Q tao thanh "khdi" trSng NH4a.
P Dieu c he trong phdng thi nghiem ô^
2NH4CI + Ca(OH)2 — ^ CaCl2 + 2NH3 T + 2H2O
lam khd khi, ngudi ta cho khi amoniac vira tao thanh cd iSn hoi nude di qua binh dung v6i sdng (CaO). ^tX?^.,\
g) Diiu che trong cdng nghiep
N2(k) + 3H2(k) < > 2NH3(k) A H < 0
•(•••*
Phuong phap giai:
Bai tap ve chat khi: l i k ...iii
Trong dieu kien the tich hinh va nhiet dd khdng dSi ma sd'mol khi thay dSi thi dp suat ty le thugn vdi the tich khi.
T,V = const nen ^ = — ,,, ...-st'ttlJ] * 0 v • P. s
] ^ n , _ m, / M t _ m, = M s _ ^tA/H2-^
^ n ^ m ,/ M s m,.Mt m,.d,/H2-2
I " . - S/H2
Vi m, -m^ (hdo todn khd'i lucfng) nen: -
Trong do: n„ n, Idn h(cn Id sd'mol hdn hop khi trudc vd sau phan iJCng.
d„ d, Idn luat Id ti khd'i hdn hap khi sau vd trUdc phan Ceng.
Van dung nguyen If chuyen djch can bang:
De phan i(ng tong hop amoniac chuyen dich theo chieu thugn can thUc hien cdc
hien phap sau: • i^:'^ *' "•• '
+ Tang nong do N2 hogc i<. > "
+ Gidm ndng do NH, (lien tuc lay amoniac ra khdi he) + Tang dp suat cua he (vi phan iirng Idm gidm so phan tu khi) + Gidm nhiet do cua he (vi phan irng tod nhiet)
Cong thurc giai nhanh de tinh hieu suat phan limg tong hop NH3 (ti le mol
2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
Thi du I: Hoa tan m6t khi X vao nuoc, thu diroc dung djch Y. Cho tir tir dung dich Y den dir vao dung djch ZnS04, ban dSu tha'y c6 ket tua trdng, sau do tan ra. Khi X m
A. NO, B. HCl e. SO, D. NHj
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 -Khd'i B) Hu&ng ddn gidi