- Xem bang torn tit of phSn If thuuyet.
- D6 dinh duong ciJa phan kali duac danh gia blng ham luong ^cKjO tuong vdd lugmg kali c6 trong thanh ph^n ciia no.
- D6 dinh duong ctia phan lan duoc danh gia blng ham luong %P205 tuong ijf,j voi luong photpho c6 trong thanh phin ciia no.
- D6 dinh duong ciia phan dam duoc danh gia blng ham lucmg % N trong phan.
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: ' ' Thidu 1: Phat bie'u nao sau day la dung?
A. Thanh phSn chinh cua supephotphat kep g6m hai mu6'i Ca(H2P04), va
CaS04 i'V-.,-, B. Ure CO c6ng thu-c la (NH2)2CO
C. Supephotphat don chi c6 Ca(H2P04)2 D. Phan lan cung ca'p nito cho cay tr6ng.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 2013)
Hudmgddngidi }(>
Xet cac phuong an:
A. Sai, vi thanh phSn chinh ciia supephotphat k^p la Ca(H2P04)2 B. Dung: C O . + 2NH3 ) (NH2)2CO + H2O
ure
C. Sai, V I thanh phdn chinh ciia supephotphat don la Ca(H2P04)2 va CaS04:
Ca3(P04)2 + 2H2SO4 - ằ 2CaS04 + Ca(H2P04)2
* D. Sai, V I phan lan cung ca'p nguydn t6' photpho cho cay tr6ng.
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 2: Thanh phin chinh ciia phln bon phitc hop amophot la
A. Ca3(P04)2 va (NH4)2HP04. B. NH4NO3 va Ca(H2P04)2.
C. NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2HP04. D. NH4H2PO4 va Ca(H2P04)2.
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khi cho amoniac (NH3) tac dung vdi axit photphoric (H3PO4) thu duoc h6 hop cac mu6'i amoni photphat NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2 ^ ^ ^ 4 8 9 ' amophot.
Dap an diing I I C . ^„
Chu v: NH3 + H3PO4 -> NH4H2PO4 (amoni dihidrophotphat) 2NH3 + H2PO4 -)• (NH4)2 HPO4 (amoni hidrophotphat)
"j^l^idu 3: M6t loai phan kali c6 th&nh phSn chinh la KCl (c6n lai Ih cac tap chit khdng chura kali) ducôc san xult tiif quSng xinvinit c6 d6 dinh duQng 55%.
phin tram kh6'i luong ciia KCl trong loai phan kali d6 I I
A. 87,18%. B. 65,75%. C. 88,52%. D. 95,51%.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia siJr c6 lOOg phan kali 66 => kh6'i luong KjO tuong ling la 55(g)
= > n K 2 0 = 0,585 (mol)
= > H K C ! = 2 n K 2 0 = 1.17 (mol) (vi 2KC1 ^ KjO)
=^mKa= 1,17.74,5-87,18(g)
Vay %mKci = - ^ ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % - ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 87,17
" I p k a l i 100
Dap an diing la A.
Thi du 4: Phan bon nitrophotka (NPK) la h6n hop ciia:
A. (NH4)2 HPO4 va KNO3 B. NH4H2PO4 v l KNO3
C. ( N H 4)3 PO4 va KNO3 D. (NH4)2 ^ ^ ^ ^ 4 v l NaN03.
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nitrophotka I I h6n hop cua (NH4)2HP04 va KNO3 _ Dap an diing la A.
Thidu 5: Phat bieu nao sau day la diing?
A. Phan urd CO c6ng thiic la (NH4)2C03.
B. Phan h6n hop chiia nito, photpho, kali duoc goi chung la phSn NPK.
jfcC. Phan lan cung d p nito hoi hop cho cay dudi dang ion nitrat (N O J j v l H ion amoni (NH4J .
Hp. Amophot I I h6n hop cac mueii (NH4)2HP04 v l KNO3.
BP' (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phan ure c6 c6ng thiic I I (NH2)2CO:
2NH3 + CO2 ' " - P ^ " " > (NH2)2CO + H2O
Phan h6n hop chiia d6ng then c l 3 nguydn l6 nito, photpho v l kali, duoc goi I I
phan NPK. . Phan lan cung ca'p photpho cho cay du6i dang ion photphat (PO4 ).
Con phan dam cung ca'p nito cho cay dirdi dang ion nitrat ( N O 3) va ion amoni
( N H ; ) . ' - Amophot la h6n hop cac mu6'i NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2HP04 (thu duoc khi
amoniac tac dung vori axit photphoric H3PO4).
Con h6n hop (NH4),HP04 va KNO, la nitrophotka (phan h6n hop).
Vay noi dung dung la B.
Dap an diing la B. • ' Thidu 6: Phan bon nao sau day lam tSng d6 chua ciia da't?
A . K j C O j . B . K C l . C.NH4NO3. D.NaNOj.
(Trich Pi thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khd'i fl) Hitcmg ddn gidi
D6 chua (do H*) cua da't ting len khi bon NH4NO3 (mu6'i tao tit axit rnanh HNO, va baza yd'u NH3):
NH4NO3 > N H 4 ' + N03-
NH4^ <zi + NH3
Dap an dung la C.
Thi du 7: M6t loai phan supephotphat kep c6 chiia 69,62% mu6'i canxi dihidrophotphat, con lai g6m cac chat kh6ng chiia photpho. Do dinh dudrig ciia loai phan lan nay la
A. 48,52% B. 39,76% C. 42,25% D. 45,75%
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
D6 dinh dirSng ciia phan lan bang % kh6'i lirong ciia P2O5 trong phan lan do. Do do d6 dinh dirSng ciia phan lan nay bang:
69,62.Mp^03 69,62.142
M c a( H 2 P 0 4 ) 2 ^34
Dap an diing la C.
Chd y: D6 dinh diromg ciia phan dam, phan lan, phan kali \in luot diroc danh gi^
bang phfin tram kh6'i luong ciia N , P2O5, K^O theo khd'i Itrgmg.
3. Cac bal tap tir luyen:
C f i u l : P h a t b i ^ u d u n g l a : ' ' A. Phan amophot la h6n hop ( N H 4 \4 v^ K N O 3
B. Phan dam cung ca'p nitro cho cay tr6ng dir6i dang NH4 hoac NOJ C. Phan bon supephotphat c6 thanh phSn chmh la Caj ( P 0 4) 2
D. Khi b6n phan dam cho cay tr6ng thi lu6n lam cho da't trd ndn chua.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Amophot la h6n hop N H 4 H 2 P O 4 va HPO4 Phan dam cung ca'p nito cho cay tr6ng dudi dang NH4 hoac N O 3 SupephophatcothanhphSnchmhla Ca(HP04)2
, Khi bon dam amoni thi c6 th^ \hm da't chua, con khi bon dam nitrat hoac ure thi kh6ng lam da't chua.
=> Phat bi^u diing 1^ B .^'•..-v* ' ^^^i,0K)j^::;-^ ^ ^ . . m ' f : Dap an diing la B.
Cau 2: D6 dinh duomg ciia m6t loai phan kali chiia 98% K Q (con lai la tap chat kh6ng chiJa nguydn i6 kali) la
A. 61,83%. B. 51,30%. C. 63,09%. D. 64,38%.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
D6 dinh duong ciia phan kali duoc danh gia bang phdn tram khd'i luong KjO tuong ling c6 trong phan kali d6. Gia siJf c6 l()0g phan kali do => 98g KCl (98/74,5 mol K Q ) .
2KC1 — 98/74,5
-> K2O
49/74,5(mol) m K20 49.94
74,5 -61,83(g) <•><
vay do dinh du6ng ciia phan kali nay: ^''^^.100% ^ g j
^ 1 0 0 Dap an dung la A.
Cau 3: C^n bon bao nhiau kilogam phan dam amoni nitrat chiia 97,5% NH4NO3
cho 10,0 hecta khoai tay, bie't rang 1,00 hecta khoai tay dn 60,0 kg nito.
Hu&ng ddn gidi 10 ha khoai tay c^n 6 0 . 10 = 600 kg nito
80 kg NH4NO3 c6 28 kg nito
100 kg phan dam c6 97,5 kg NH3NO3 c6: =34,1 kg ^xta
?, 80 Khd'i luqmg phan dam d^ c6 600kg nito la: ^ ^ ' ^ = 1,76 .10^ ( k g ) .
34,1
Cfiu 4: Di san xua't mdt luong phan bon amophot da dung hat 6,000.10^ mol
H 3 P O 4 .
a) Tinh the' tich khi amoniac (dktc) c^n dung, bialt ring loai amophot n^y c6 ti 16 ] sd mol nNH4H2ro4 • "(NH4)2HP04 = 1 : 1 -
^) Tinh khd'i lirong amophot thu duoc.
001
Hu&ng dan gidi P T H H :
H3PO4 + NH3 > NH4H2PO4 ,
H3PO4 + 2NH3 > ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 V I nNH4H2P04 •"(NH4)2HP04 =1 • ^ ^6 th^ vid't:
2H3PO4 + 3NH3 ằ (NH4)2HP04 + NH4H2PO4 2 mol 3 mol 1 mol 1 mol 6000 mol-^ 9000 mol -> 3000 mol 3000 mol a) T h l t i c h k h i N H a C & d i i n g C d o d d k t c ) : 9000.22,4 = 20,16.10" ( l ) . b) Kh6'i lirong amophot thu diroc:
•"amophot = ' " ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 + ' " N H 4 H 2 P 0 4
= 3000.(132+ 115) = 7,41.10'(g) = 741 (kg).
C^u 5: Cho 40,32 m ' amoniac (dktc) tac dung voi 147,0 kg axit photphoric tao thanh m6t loai phan bon amophot c6 ti 16 so mol
" N H 4 H 2 P O 4 • " ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 = 4 : 1 .
1. Vife't phucmg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ting tao thanh phan b6n amophot do.
2. Tinh kh6'i lucmg (kg) cua amophot thu duoc Hu&ng dan gidi
1 Phucfng trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling tao thanh phan amophot 6 trdn:
6NH3 + 5H3PO4 ^ 4NH4H2PO4 + (NH4)2HP04 (1) 2. Tinh khd'i lucmg amophot thu duoc:
S6'mol NH3= 40-321Q0Q^ jgoQ (^^j) 22,40
Sdmol H3PO4 = ^^'^•^^ = I500(mol) 98
Ti le mol NH,: s6' mol H3PO4 = 1800: 1500 = 6 : 5, vira diing bang t i 16 hop thifc trong phuong trinh hoa hoc (1). Vay, luong NH3 phan litig vCta dii v6i luong H3PO4.
Kh6'i lucmg NH3 C O trong 40,32 m ' khi NH3 = 1800.17 = 30600 (g) = 30,6 Kg Ap dung dinh luat bao toan kh6i lucmg:
' " N H 3 + ' " H 3 P 0 4 = ' " N H 4 H 2 P 0 4 + I " ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 = "Ipiiin amophot
= > n i p H ^ _ p , „ , = 30,6 + 147,0 = 177,6 (kg).
C&u 6: M6t m l u supephotphat dom kha'i lucmg 15,55 g chiia 35,43% Ca(H2P04):, c6n lai \k CaS04. Tinh ti 16 % P2O5 trong mSu supephotphat dtm tr6n.
Hu&ng dan gidi
Kh6'i lucmg Ca(H2P04)2 trong 15,55 g supephotphat don Ik:
15,55.35,43
100 - ' ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ , .
jCh6'i luong P2O5 trong m l u supephotphat dcm tr6n: ' ' ' „.
l C a( H 2 P 0 4 ) 2 - I P 2 O 5
1 mol (234 g) - 1 mol (142 g ) l _ 5,51.142 5,5Ig - x g
^x = — — = 3.344 ( g ) P 2 0 5 234
3 3'44
% kh6'i luong cua P2O5 = .100% = 21,50%
13,33
C§M 7: Phan supephotphat k^p thuc t6' san xua't duoc thucmg chi ling v6i 40,0%
P2O5. Ham lucmg (%) ciia canxi dihidrophotphat trong phan bon nay la A. 69,0. B. 65,9. C. 71,3. D. 73,1. '
Hu&ng ddn gidi %
Trong 100,0 kg phan supephotphat kep c6 40,0 kg P2O5. Kh6'i luong Ca(H2P04)2 tuong ung voi kh6'i luong P2O5 tr6n duoc tinh theo ti 16:
P2O5 - Ca(H2P04)2 142,0 kg 234, Og 40,0 kg x kg
X = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 65,9 (kg) Ca(H2P04)2 142,0
Ham luong (%) ciia Ca(H2P04)2 = .100% = 65,9%
100,0 Dap an diing la B.
C4u 8: Phan Kali clorua san xua't duoc tilr quang xinvinit thucmg chi ufng voi 50,0%
KjO. Ham luong (%) cua KCl trong phan bon do la
j| f A.72,9. B.76,0. C. 79,2. D. 75,5.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Xet 100,0 gam phan kali clorua => khd'i luong KjO la 50,0 gam
50,0 , ^ 50,0 ^ ^ / ^
"KCl = 2 n K 2 0 = 2 — (mol) => m ^ a = 2 . - ^ . 7 4 , 5 = 79,2(gam)
79 2 • •
%mKci = — . 1 0 0 % = 79,2%
100 Dap an diing la C.
Cftu 9: Phan dam urfi thucmg chi chiJa 46,00% N . KheTi luong (kg) ur6 dii d^ cung cap 70,00 kg nguyen t6' nito la
A. 152,2. B. 145,5. C. 160,9. D. 200,0.
229
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Goi m la khd'i luong (kg) phan dam urfi du di cung c^p 70,00 kg N Theo d^ bai, phan dam urd thuf6ng chi chiia 46,00% N nfen ta c6:
100 46,00 ^ : ^ !-"^;
Dap an dung la A . . ^... ,,,„,^ „. ^ ,{,sn,H\t^'r