tt).C ngfi cac llUOC.
Nhln chung, nhung cong trlnh gioi thi~u tl;lc ngu Vi~t sang cac hu'OC Va ngu'QC 1c;ti vftn chtfa nhi~u Va chu ye'u vftn la nhfi'ng cong trlnh d!ch gioi thi~u; trong d6 da phftn la cac tac phfim lien quan de'n tl}C ngfi'
Anh, Nga nhtt T11-c ngil Nga-V~~t cua Le E>lnh Bkh (1986), T11-c ngil Anh-
Vi~t cua Le E>lnh Bich, Tdn Quynh Dan (1986), T11-c ngfl, thanh ngfl tie'ng Anh cua Phc:tm Van Blnh (1996), Kho timg llf-C ngfl dan gian the' gidi-cac dan tQc va cdc qwJc gia cua Bui H?nh C~n, Nguy~n Thi Kim Loan (1998), v.v. G~n day nha't, quy€n Tit diin llf-C ngil the' gi(Ji cua Gerd de Ley da dtt<;1c Le Thanh dich sang tieng Vi~t, trong do gioi thi~u tt:1c ngu cua rat nhi~u dan t()c tren the gioi (xep ten nude theo A,B,C. .. ).
Cong trlnh tuy con gian ht<;Jc (m6i nttoc chi gidi thi~u trung blnh vai .mt.tdi ca u b~ng song ngu Anh-Vi~t) nhttng do I a m()t stf c6 g~ng Ion.
v~ so sanh, mo ta t1;1C ngu Vi~t voi we ngu cua cac dan tqc khac, chung toi tha'y co nhii'ng bai viet cua Ph~m Thuy Hoa [70], Nguy~n Xuan Hoa [72], ... Cling c~n phai k€ den cong trlnh cua Nguy~n Quy Thanh (2001) vl d~( co nhii'ng dong gop nha't djnh khi dua ra nhung cau t~1c ngu d6ng nghia tieng Vi~t voi m<?t s6 dan t<?c (Hoa, Anh, Due, Phap, Nga) thong qua 10 m~u d6i chieu (nhG'ng m~nh d~ l6gich-ngG' nghTa) nht.t N()i dung quye't djnh gia trj cua Sf! wJ.t, Hinh thuc khong phdi bao giiJ cung phdn dnh dung n9i dung, Ch(J.'t thz han luc;ng, Khong c6 cdi tr5't, nguifi ta chap nhcJ.n cdi kem han, rJ diJi khong c6 gz hoan hdo tuy~t do'i, Nhanh nh(!n the duc;c l(Ji, chgm thz chju thi~t thai, v.v. [150, tr.182-192].
Vi dl,l (J m~u N()i dung quye't dfnh gid trf cua ST! vcJ_t, ta co:
Vi~t: T6t g6 hdn t6t nuoc son. Cai net danh chet cai dyp.
Hoa: Ho4:1 thuy vo ngtt khong tac lang, tu tuy hao ba't van ht.tong (ve song ma 'khong c6 cd tht khong thimh song, hoa theil tuy d(!p chdng mui huang).
Anh: Beauty is only skin deep_ (sdc df!p chl iJ ngoai da).
Phap: Bonte vaut mieux que beaute (long f(Jt thz hem sdc df!p), v.v.
[150, tr.185].
0.3. Ml)C DiCH NGHIEN cuu CUA LU~N AN:
Lu?n an la SlJ' ke' thua nhung thanh qua nghien CUll ll;IC ngu Vi~t.
d~c bi~t la trong SlJ' so sanh voi tl;}C ngu Han. Bdi le, nhung cong trlnh so sanh d6i chieu d blnh di~n cu phap-ngu nghia giua tl;IC ngu Vi~t va tl;}C ngu cua cac dan t(>c khac cho de'n nay v§n chua nhi~u va chu yeu so sanh v.oi tl;}C ngu cua cac ntfoc phtfdng Tay. Trong khi nghien cuu, lu?n an ciing se v?n d~ng nhung thanh tt;l'u v~ m~t ly thuye't trong vi~c so sanh ngon ngii' Vi~t, Han C1 blnh di~n cu phap-ngu nghia. Do tieng Vi~t va tieng Han khong cung lo~i hlnh nen vi~c so sanh se mang lc;ti nhung ke't qua nha't djnh.
Lu?n an d~t ra nhung m\]c dich c§n d~t nhtt sau:
-Khai qmlt_Ou'QC ca'u true CU phap va ca'u true ngu nghia vaCUa tl;IC ngu Vi~t va Han.
-Tim hi~u m(>t s6 ph~m tru ngu nghia cua tl;lC ngu Vi~t va Han.
Nhung di~m tu'dng d6ng va di bi~t giua chung.
-d blnh di~n ngu nghia, khi sosanh, lu~n an nh~m vao vi~c mo ta hi~n ttfqng ttfdng du'dng V~ nghia CUa nhii'ng diU t\}C ngu trong tie'ng Vi~t va tie'ng Han.
0.4. NGU LIEu v A PHU<:1NG PHAP NGHIEN cuu.
0.4.1. Ngii' Ii~u stt dl).ng trong lu~n an:
Ngu li~u duqc dung trong lu?n an nay g6m 2 mang: ngu li~u tieng
Vi~t va ngu li~u b~ng tie'ng Han.
Ngu6n ngii' li~u tie'ng Vi~t chu ye'u duqc chung toi tham khao tu cac cong trlnh c6 lien quan nhu cong trlnh cua Vi~t Chu'dng [22], Chu Xuan Dien-Lu'ong Van E>ang-Phuong Tri [38],Vii Dung, Vii Thuy Anh, Vii Quang Hao [40], Le Gia [50], Hoang Van Hanh [57], Nguy~n Cu, Nguy€n Th! Hue', Tr§n Th! An [25], Nguy€n Hoang Lan [97], Nguyen Lan [99], Hoang Di~u Minh [115], Nguy€n Ltfc [110], Vil NgQc Phan, T<;t Phong Chau, Ph<;tm NgQc Hy [133], Nguy€n Quy Thanh [150], Nguy€n Nhu Y, Hoang Van Hanh, Le Xuan Th<;ti, Nguy~n Van Khang, Phan Xuan Thanh [182], v.v.
Chung t6i ciing thu th~p ngu li~u tu trong nhii'ng bai vie't, bao cao khoa hQC CO tfnh chclt phan tich thanh ngii', t\IC ngu theo nhii'ng ffil,IC dich nghien cuu khac ri.hau nhu' cac bai vie"t Phan Van Hoan [74], Nguy~n Xuan Kinh [91], [92], [93], Tri~u Nguyen [119], Hoang Trinh [167], V6 Quang TrQng [169], v.v.
Ngu6n ngii' li~u tie'ng Han du'Qc chung toi thu th~p tu nhil'ng ngu6n sau:
-Nhung sach chuyen khao cua cac hQC gia Han Qu6c nhu cong
trinh ".!f-~ ~ .£.~, 4f~~ 2=1 ~"(Proverbs and Maxims In (he Bilingual Eye) cua {I%~ (1997), "~~ - ~ ~4fl@--11" (T~:tc ngil Han-Anh AJJh- Han) cua OJ:~~ va ~~~ (1999),"~Cl4ftJ.A}~" (Tit diln i~:tc ngil cua chung ta) cua ~ ~1:} (1993), "~Cl4f~~T" (Nghien cuu t~:tc ngil cua chung ta) cua ~%i€l (1999), "~~ul~~ 4f~~0l" (Gidi th[ch t~:tc
ngil thu vt) cua 78 ~ ~ "€ (2000), "4f tJ~ 01 -"}11" (Tit ailn gidi thich
tf:I,C ngil) do -%{}~~.A} xua't ban, (1991), "Maxims and Proverds of Old Korea (~~4f 1@-)" cua Tae Hung Ha ( 1970), v. v .
. d Vi~t Nam, g~n day da xua't hi~n cong trlnh cua Le Huy Khang
[89]. Cong trlnh nay t~p hqp va dich 1855 cau thanh ngu, t\}C ngu tieng Han va xua't ban du'oi hlnh thuc m¢t quy~n tit di~n song ngu Han-Vi~t.
ã EHiy ciing la mÂt ngu6n ngu li~u t6t cho lu~n an.
Ngoai ra trong ma'y nam qua, nho vao vi~c huang dftn m¢t so' sinh vien nganh Han QuO'c hQc tht!c hi~n khoa lu?n tcit nghi~p. chung toi cun.g da t~p h<;fp du'qc m¢t lu'<;fng Ion cac thanh ngu, tl;IC ngii', qmin ngu tieng Han. Chung trd thanh nhung ngii' li~u quan trQng, du'qc dung d€
minh ho~ trong cac d€ tai nghien cuu, cac cong trinh bien dieh thanh ngu, we ngu, quan ngii' Han-Vi~t [4], [166], [179]. Ngu6n ngu li~u Slt dl;lng trong lu?n an da -d-uqc ehuyen gia Han Qu6e ki~m tra. Trong qua trlnh ki~m tra, CO nhi€u tl;IC ngG' du'<;fC d~t trong nhung ngu canh C\} th€, tl.nh huO'ng p_hat ngon c6 chua t~c ngu d6 dam bao d¢ - chinh xac khi dich sang nghia tieng Vi~t.