2.3. Factual basis of the topics
2.3.4. The situation of management and treatment in Vietnam
2.3.4.2. Waste management situation in some provinces in the country
In Hanoi: 3R project-HN by the international cooperation agency of the Government of Japan JICA sponsored the Ha Noi city had officially entered the stage of application. Actual 3R in the city since July 2007, with the first areas as Phan Chu Chinh Ward - Hoan Kiem District- Hanoi has been the most successful
evaluated the garbage sorting pilot scheme at the source, then Thanh Cong Ward and Lang Ha Ward, (2008). There are 18,000 households were involved in the 3R project in the ward pilot above. In the pilot areas, the amount of domestic waste from households fell by an average from 31-45% depending on each ward, achieving the target to minimize 30% the amount of waste going to landfill bring that project was set out. The project has collected approximately 25,000 tons of organic waste and processed approximately 10,000 tons of compost from garbage collected. Currently every day Hanoi emit more than 200 tons of garbage, the volume of garbage this giant is taken to landfills Nam Son landfill to buried for many years it has been operating at full capacity and at risk overloaded. Garbage have not been classified and treated thoroughly, the disposal is still mostly buried naturally. Hanoi People's Committee (PC) has issued the program of action on environmental protection mission the capital during the period of industrialization - modernization (Huy, 2008. 3R project of solid waste urban management and JICA (2011), Research Report of solid waste management in Viet Nam).
In Ho Chi Minh City: As a large urban, so level of municipal waste generated in the city every year in Ho Chi Minh very high. According to the data of Natural Resources and Environmental Department each day in the Ho Chi Minh City area poured out about 5800-6200 tons of domestic waste, 500 - 700 tons of industrial garbage, 150-200 tons of hazardous waste, 8-12 tons of medical waste. Domestic waste sources occupied highest proportion arises primarily from the following sources: households, schools, markets, restaurants, and hotels (Chi, 2009).
In Dong Nai: currently province has a 4/7 the disposal of domestic waste area is in process of implementation put to use and 03 treatment centers focusing inter- district and inter-urban areas are in the prepare projects stage investments . According to the Natural Resources and Environment Department of Dong Nai,
domestic waste is discharged environment not yet processing. Among them, the total volume of domestic waste generated in the area of the whole province of about 1,167 tons per day, including 1,080 tons of waste substances in addition to industrial parks and 87 tons of rubbish in the industrial parks. The situations of garbage disposal were difficult by no more garbage to landfill, no garbage transfer stations (Trang, 2010).
In Vietnam, due to the economic conditions have not developed so most places have not invested appropriately for solid waste disposal problem. Major cities such as Hanoi city, Ho Chi Minh City and Lai Vung town - Đong Thap province, Ninh Thuan Province have invested in building the processing plant garbage as an organic fertilizer. Most other places have been prepared project landfills sanitary and processing garbage as an organic fertilizer. The situation of waste treatment technologies in Vietnam now has:
+ Factory solid waste treatment in Hoc - Mon, Ho Chi Minh City
Waste Treatment Plant Hoc - Mon are plant aerobic organic fertilizer by Denmark funded. This technology is highly mechanized, using two compost ovens in complementary environment, maintain continuous air and moisture. However, after a period of operation of this technology not longer relevant because:
- Do not respond to the amount of garbage increasing (overload);
-The nature and composition of garbage is increasingly complex, no longer suitable the original design technology.
+ Technology of domestic waste processing, Plant of organic fertilizer Cau Dien - Hanoi
This technology is brewed compost; fermentation is controlled by the automatic control system for temperature, with a designed capacity of 210 tons/ day.
Organic fertilizer products registered quality standards and are sold nationwide.
The recalled products recycling are: iron, nylon, plastic, paper, glass, ...
Advantage: simple, easy to operate, machinery easy to manufacturing, favorable
Disadvantage: garbage includes many impurities, has not been mechanized in the stage of classification, the quality of fertilizer not yet higher because contains many impurities.
Garbage is collected and transported to the factory Determine the weight Preliminary treatment (microorganism)
Selective Inorganic material to
landfill by 50%
Microorganisms supplement, additives, fermentation
Evaporation 15%
Brewed ripening, the clean water supplement 35%
Evaporate 5 %
Refined 30% Inorganic material
bring to landfill by 13%
Humus type I 8,5 % As fertilizer, soil improvement
Figure 2.4. Diagram of technology of domestic waste processing, Plant of organic fertilizer Cau Dien - Hanoi