C. CAU HOI ON T~
a) D(3c I~p, tlf do III quyen thieng Jieng, bf{t kha xiim
ph{lm cua t,ft cii cac dan t(3c
Ljch su dl,lng nUDc va giu nUDc cua dan tQc Vi~t Nam
tit ngim xua de'n nay gAn lifln voi trUYfln thilng yeu nuoc, Mu tranh chilng gii).c ngo",i xam. Diflu d6 n6i len m9t khat khao to Ion clla dan t9c ta la luon mong muiln c6 du<;lC m9t nfln d9C Ii).p cho dan t9c, tt,t do cho nhan dan va d6 cling la m9t gia trj tinh thh thii'mg liiing, ba't hU. clla dan t9c rna Hil Chi Minh la hi~n than cho tinh th~n ay. N gudi n6i
rAng: Cai rna toi c~n nhat tren ddi la dilng bao toi dU<;lC tt,t do, TiS quilc toi du<;lC d9C Ii).pl.
Nam 1919, nhan djp cac nuoc Dilng minh thAng tri).n trong Chie'n tranh the' gioi thll nhat hQp H9i nghj Vecxay (Phap), thay mi).t nhung ngudi Vi~t Nam yeu
nuoc, Hil Chi Minh da gt1i toi H9i nghj ban Yeu sach cua nhan dan An Nam, bao gilm 8 di~m voi hai n9i dung chinh la doi qUYfln binh d~ng Vfl mi).t phap 15' va doi cac qUYfln tt,t do, dan Chll clla ngudi dan Dong Dudng. Ban yeu sach khong duc)c H9i nghj chap nhi).n nhung qua st,t ki~n tren cho thay I&n d&u tien, ttt tuang Hil Chi Minh Vfl qUYfln clla cac dan t9c thu9C dja rna truoc he't la qUYfln binh dAng va tt,t do da hinh thanh. Can cll VaG nhung qUYfln tt,t do, binh d~ng va qUYfln con ngudi - "nhung qUYfln rna khong ai c6 th~ xam ph",m duc)c" da duc)c ghi trong ban Tuyen ngon dpc l?,p clla cach m",ng My nam 1776, Tuyen ngon nhan quyen va dan quyen
clla Cach m",ng Phap nam 1791, Hil Chi Minh tie'p t\lC kh~ng djnh nhung gia trj thieng li€mg, bat bie'n Vfl qUYfln dan t9C: "Tat ca cac dan t9c tren the' gioi Mu sinh ra