IS 95• PHS The' h~ thu ba The' h~ thu hai
~ ~
Giai dol/.n dinh
D11li~u <300bit/s 4,6k-64kbitls 64k-384kbitls 2Mbitls
Di d9ng (g6i) 2Mbitls (trong nhi\) 20Mbitls (hi~u qua nhiltltrong nhi\)
- Tht hf thu nhflt (JG) : di_lc tntng cua th~p nien 80 Ia cong ngh~ the' h~ thu nha't, dl.J'a tren cong ngh~ tin hi~u tuang tlj (analog) voi dung lu'<;fng bang thong
.
hyp, chi cung ca'p chu ye'u Ia djch Vlf tho<;ti voi kh6i lu'<;fng khoang vai chlfc tri~u
thue bao tren toan the' gioi. Cac chu~n cong ngh~ TTDB tieu bi~u du'<;fc sii" dl;lng trong giai do:;tn nay la: Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), Advanced Mobilephone Service (AMPS) va phan kenh theo t§n s6 (FDMA).
- Tht hf thu hai (2G) : Th~p ky 90 de'n nay danh da'u b~ng cong ngh~ the' h~ thu hai dl.J'a tren cong ngh~ so: c6 m?t (J h§u he't cac nuoc tren the' gioi. Hi~n nay ba trung tam kinh te' the' giOi xay dl.J'ng cac tieu chu~n cong ngh~ 2G khac nhau: tieu chu~n GSM cua Chau Au, IS95 va IS136 cua My va PDC cua Nh~t ban.
+ Chutln GSM-TDMA (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications) la h~ th6ng TTDB toan du cua Chau Au dl.J'a tren cong ngh~ da truy nh~p phan kenh theo thoi gian TDMA (Time Division Multiple ~~~~~Ul...lll.i;i.t...lt:.QD
cac cong nghc$ thong tin n6i b~t trong giai do~n nay. Cong ngh<$ GSM dang d~t
de'n dinh cao cua S\1' phat tri~n va dang tung bttoc chuy~n tie'p len cong ngh<$ 3G.
+ Chua?n PDC (Personal Digital Cellular): la he$ th6ng TTDB te' bao s6
ca nhan phat tri~n (J Nh~t Ban.
+ Chua?n N-CDMA IS95 (Narrow Code Division Multiple Access):la cong
ngh<$ da truy nh~p phan kenh theo rna bang http dtt<Jc My va Han Qu6c sli' dvng.
+ Hf thllng /PAS: sli' dvng cong ngh<$ PHS IS95 (TDMA) - ky thu~t s6,
ghep kenh theo thoi gian cua UT Starcom (My).
- Tht h~ thu ba (3G): D\1' kie'n trong vong 10 nam toi se danh da'u b~ng the' he$ thu ba. 3G Ia m9t he$ tieu chu~n va ky thu~t thong tin toan cffu hoa. 3G se t~o ra
m~ng lttoi TTDB co dung ltt<jng IOn, lo~i tru hoan toan s\f c6 nghen m~ch, cha't
ltt<jng dam tho~i trung th\fc, h~n che' t6i da tiJ<$ rot cu()c gQi, tinh bao m~t ra't cao, dam bao truy~n dfi' li<$u t6c d9 ra't cao (giai do~n dffu Ia 144 Kb/s sau do co kha nang len toi 2 Mb/s), se dap ling hoan toan cac doi hoi v~ da phttdng ti<$n di
d()ng.
· Lien minh Vi€n thong the' gioi (ITU) dang n6 1\fc nh~m di de'n m9t he$ th6ng tieu chu~n th6ng nha't cho TTDB trong tlidng lai, nhung 3G trlioc m~t vftn ke' thua 2G va bao g6m nhi~u tieu chu~n 3G khac nhau :
- Chau Au: GSM ~ GPRS ~ UMTS (WCDMA hoclic TD-SCDMA) -My: IS95 ~ CDMA 20001X ~ CDMA 2000 va IS136 ~ UWC136
- Nh~t ban: PDC ~ IMT 2000 (WCDMA)
- Trung Qu6c: xay d\fng tieu chu~n TD-SCDMA phat tri~n tu GSM.
+ Chua?n UMTS: tu nam 1997 cac nuoc Chau Au nghien cuu he$ th6ng
BTDB the' he$ thu 3 la he$ th6ng Vi€n thong di d()ng toan cffu-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). Chu~n UMTS co dung lli<Jng dttong
truy~n ra't cao de'n 2000 Kb/s trong khi do GSM chi co 9,6 Kb/s.
+ Cong ngh~ GPRS (General Packet Radio Service )-cong ngh<$ chuy~n
m~ch goi (2,5G): Ia m9t buoc chuy~n tie'p tu cong ngh<$ GSM sang UMTS.
GPRS co th~ cung ca'p cac djch vv s61i<$u co t6c d9 cao (t6c d9 cua GPRS la 115 Kbp/s so voi chi 9,6 Kbp/s cua GSM), hi<$n nay la m9t giai phap tie't ki<$m va hic$u qua. Be'n nay phffn IOn cac nha khai thac GSM tren the' gioi dang tri~n khai cong nghc$ GPRS va md r()ng cac djch Vt,I moi tren GPRS.
+ Chuiln IMT-2000: la h~ thO'ng TTDD qu6c te' the' h~ thu 3 du<Jc trien
khai d~u tien (J Nh~t ban nam 2001 voi cong ngh~ WCDMA.
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access): la cong ngh~ da
. truy nh~p phan kenh theo rna bang r()ng, h~u nhu phil h<Jp voi h~ thO'ng vi~n
thong UMTS va IMT-2000. W-CDMA the hi~n la cong ngh~ t6t nhfft trong s6
cac cong ngh~ bang r()ng vi kha nang truy~n d~n s61i~u voi t6c d() cao d~t 384 kbit/s d6i voi htu l11<Jng internet, 2Mbit/s d6i voi m~ng di~n tho~i n()i h~t va chfft 111<Jng vung phu song t6t hdn cac cong ngh~ khac. Da c6 80-85% cac nha khai thac TTDD tren the' gioi cling tfit ca cac nha khai thac t~i Chau Au hfa ch9n cong ngh~ WCDMA cho h~ th6ng TTDD the' h~ thu 3.
- Tht h? thu tll ( 4G ): Dlf do an sau nam 2010 se la thoi ky cua TTDD the' h~ thu t11 voi t6c dQ truy~n s61i~u d~t de'n 100Mb/s .
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2.1.2 TINH HINH PHAT TRIEN HI:eN NAY CUA DTDD TREN P~M VI
TOAN ciu vA T~I cAc Nlfoc CHAD A-THAI BiNH Du'CING
2.1.2.1 Tren phf!m vi toan cilu
Theo s61i~u cua ITU, s6 thue bao DTDD tang len rfft nhanh til' 139,7 tri~u thue bao di d()ng vao nam 1996len de'n 741 tri~u thue bao nam 2001 tuc Ia tang hdn gffp 5 l~n (bieu d6 2.2), muc tang tru'dng binh quan vao khoang 42%/nam.
V oi to'c d() tang trltdng rfft nhanh, s6 lu'<Jng thue bao di d()ng da vu<Jt qua so'
lu'<Jng thue bao cO' dinh t~i mQt s6 thi tru'ong. T6c dQ tang tru'dng cua dich Vl;l
DTDD du<Jc th6i bung len ke til' khi cac m~ng the' h~ 2G nhu GSM du<Jc trien khai. Vi~c trien khai cac m~ng the' hi% 3G dang g6p ph~n thuc d§'y m~nh me tie'n trinh toan c~u h6a cua nganh TTDD. Thi tru'ong TTDD the' gioi hi<%n nay t~p
trung vao cac khu VlfC chinh Ia Chau My, Chau Au va Chau A-Thai Binh Dudng. Biiu dB 2.2 Tinh hinh phat triin thue bao DTDD tren the' gioi (1996-2001)
T6ng s6 thue bao (tri~u) 800 600 400 200 322,6 195,5 255,8 0*-==~~~-=~~~~==~~~ 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
2.1.2.2 Tf!-i khu vlfc Chliu A-Thai Binh Dudng
Nam 1993, Chau A-Thai B!nh Dudng (TBD) chi chie'm chung 116 seS thue bao di d¢ng tren the' gioi. Be'n nam 2001, to~m khu vrfc da chie'm 113 t6ng seS
thue bao BTDB tren the' gioi (bie'u d6 2.3). Trong d6 s6Iuqng thue bao BTDB tra tru'oc da tang len nhanh chong va chie'm toi 76,2% t6ng s6 thue bao BTDB phat tri~n moi cua khu VrfC nay ca nam 2001.
Biiu d6 2.3 : Phan bo' thue bao TTDD theo cac khu vrf.c tren the' gi6'i nam 2001
ChauA-TBD
36%
Chiiu Phi+ A
Chiiu My
27%
2.1.2.3 Vj tri cua Vift Nam trong thj trztung TTDD the' giUi
Trong giai do~n 1995-2002, Vi~t Nam c6 teSc d9 tang tru'dng BTDB cao nha't trong cac nu'oc ASEAN (87,3%). Tuy nhien, Vi~t Nam v~n thu¢c vao m¢t trong nhfi'ng nu'oc kern phat tri~n nhfft trong khu vvc. M~t d¢ BTDB thffp hdn
muc trung b!nh cua the' gioi, va dung thu 10 trong s6 13 nu'oc ASEAN+3 (m~t d9 2,34 may/100 dan nam 2002), ty 1~ thue bao BTDB so voi s6 lu'qng thue bao
di~n tho~i c6 dinh thffp nhfft the' giOi, chie"m 34,17% cu6i nam 2002. Do d6 Vi~t
nam la nu'oc c6 ti€m nang v€ BTDB ra't IOn.
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2.2 QUA TRINH HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN NGANH THONG TIN
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