- Esb3 (hang Novatis, Thuy Sy san xua't): thanh phan chfnh la Sulfachlozine sodium monohydrate (30%).
1. DAC DIEM SINH HOC CUA CAU TRUNG KY SIN H6 LON Vi tri cua cau trung lgn trong he thong phan loai dong vat hoc
1.1. Vi tri cua cau trung lgn trong he thong phan loai dong vat hoc
Theo Levine et al (1980) (dan theo Luang Van Hua'n, 1997), cau trung ky sinh a lgn co vi tri nhu sau:
Nganh Apicomplexa
Lap Sporozoasida
Phan lap Coccidiasina
Bo Eucoeeidiorida
Phan bo Eimeriorina
Ho Cryptosporidiidae
Giong Eimeria Schneider, 1875
Loai Eimeria betica (Martinez and H em andoz, 1973)
Loai Eimeria debliecki (D ouw es, 1921) ky sinh a doan dau ruot non.
Loai Eimeria guevarai (Rom ero and Lizcano, 1971)
Loai Eimeria porci (V etterling. 1963) ky sinh a cuoi khong trang va hoi trang.
Loai Eimeria perminuta (Henry, 1931)
Loai Eimeria polita (Pellerdy, 1949) ky sinh d h6i trang vii khdng trang.
Loai Eimeria residualis (Martinez and Hemandoz, 1973)
Loai Eimeria scabra (Henry, 1931) sinh 6 doan cudi rudt non, co khi a manh trang va k& trang
Loai Eimeria spinosa (Henry, 1931) ky sinh 6 h6i trang vi khdng trang
Loai Eimeria suis (Voller, 1921)
Loai Eimeria sp. (Desser, 1978) ky sinh a bi£u md dng mat Gidng Isospora
Loai Isospora almataensis (Paichuk, 1953)
Loai Isospora suis (Biester, 1934) ky sinh d rudt non, ddi khi d ket trang.
Loai Isospora sp. (Shrivastava and Shah, 1968)
1.2. D a c d ie m h in h th a i, k in h th u d c va cau tr u e cac lo a i d iu tr u n g lpn
1.2.1. H inh thdi, kich thu&c
Cau trung la dong vat don bao co hinh cau, hinh trung, hinh bau due, hinh tru hay hinh elip (phu thuoc vao timg loai cau trung). C^u trung ky sinh chu yeu a te bao bidu bi ruot cua nhieu loai gia sue, gia cam va ca d ngudi.
* Cau trung gidng Eimeria:
+ Eimeria debliecki (Douwes,1921): day la loai pho bien
nhat, co doc luc gay benh cao nhat va la nguyen nhan chmh gay benh cau trung Ion. E.debliecki co 2 dang Oocyst:
- Dang thu nhat: co kfch thudc rat ldn 50 x 25 |j.m, vo gom 2 ldp ro ret, khong co Micropyle (Id noan), hinh trung, dudi kmh hidn vi nhin thay cac hat noi nhan rd ret. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tu nang la 7 - 9 ngay.
- Dang thu hai: cd kfch thudc nho hon 18-24 x 15-20 fim,
nhung co Micropyle va dudi kfnh hien vi khdng nhin tha'y cac hat noi nhan. Thdi gian tao thanh bao tu nang la 2 - 3 ngay.
Loai E.debliecki cu tru d ta trang, lam cho niem mac ruot viem cataz rdi xuat huye't va hoai tu ( Pham Van Khue, Phan Luc, 1996).
Theo Le Van Nam (2003), loai E. debliecki co doc lire manh d Ion con, nhung khi ky sinh b Ion trudng thanh chung ft co kha nang lam 1cm phat benh.
+ Eimeria suis (Voller, 1921): Oocyst hinh elip hoac hinh
cau, kinh thuoc 13 - 20 x 11 - 15 pm, vach nhan, khong mau, khong co Micropyle. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tu nang la 6 ngay.
+ Eimeria neodebliecki (Vetterling, 1965): Oocyst hinh elip,
kich thudc trung binh 21,2 x 15,8 pm, khong co Micropyle. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tir nang la 13 ngay.
+ Eimeria scabra (Henry, 1931): Oocyst co hinh bau due
hoac hoi co dang elip, mau vang nau. Vo co 2 ldp, xu xi tua nhu phu day gai. Co 16 noan d phan hep cua nang trung. Trong nang trung co hat cuc. Kich thudc 23,2 - 34,8 x 17,4 - 23,7 pm, trung binh la 30,55 - 21,56 (am. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tu la 9 - 12 ngay, trong bao tu co the can. Sinh san vo tinh va sinh san giao tu trong mang niem mac true trang. Ky sinh d doan hoi trang, co khi d ruot gia Ion.
+ Eimeria spinosa (Henry, 1931): Oocyst hinh bau due hay
hoi keo dai thanh hinh elip. Vo mau nau va rat xu xi (toan bo mat ngoai duoc bao ve bdi tap hop nhung gai dai khoang 1 pm, khong $ f
co Micropyle nhung cd hat cuc. Kich thudc 16 - 22,4 x 12,8 - 16 v
pm. Sinh san vo tinh trong ruot non. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tu la 12 - 15 ngay. Ky sinh d ruot non Ion.
+ Eimeria guevarai (Romeo, Ridriguez va Lizcano Herrera,
1931): Oocyst hinh qua le, kich thudc 26 - 32 x 15 - 19 pm, khong
co Micropyle. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tu la 10 ngay d nhiet do
20°C.
+ Eimeria perminuta (Henry, 1931): Oocyst hinh trung, doi
khi hinh cau, kich thudc 11,2 - 16 x 9,6 - 12,8 pm, vo nham, mau vang nau, khong co Micropyle. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tir la 11 ngay.
+ Eimeria scrofae (Galli - V alerio, 1935): Oocyst hinh tru,
kich thudc 24 x 15 pm , co Micropyle.
+ Eimeria polita (Pellerdy,1949): Oocyst hinh elip, kich
thudc 23- 27 x 10 - 17 pm , vo nhan, mau vang nau, hoac hong nau, khong co Micropyle. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tir la 8 - 9 ngay. Ky sinh d hoi trang va khong trang Ion.
+ Eimeria porci (Vetterling, 1963): Oocysthinh triing, kfch thudc 18 - 27 x 13 - 18 jim, vo nhan, khong mau va Micropyle khdng ro rang.
+ Eimeria cerdonis (Vetterling, 1965): Oocyst hinh elip, kfch thudc 26 - 32 x 20 -
23 nm, vo nham, mau vang den kh6ng mau, kh6ng c6Micropyle.
* C^u trung gi6ng Isospora:
+ Isospora suis (Biester va Murray, 1934): Oocyst hinh bSu
due hay g£n tron, vo co 2 ldp mau vang sang va tron nhan. Kfch thudc 17,4 -22,3 x 14,5 - 20,3 ^un trung binh 20,78 x 17,31 jim. Co hat cuc. Sinh san vo tfnh trong niem mac ruot non. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tir khoang 3 - 5 ngay. Ky sinh d ruot non doi khi d ket trang lpn.
+ Isospora almaataensis (Paichuk, 1953): Oocyst hinh bSu due
hay gan tron. Vo tron nhan, mau xam dam hay xam nhat. Hat cuc
thudng co d nhung nang tning tron. Kfch thudc 24,6 - 31,9 x 23,2 - 29 ^m. Sau thdi ky sinh san bao tir the can hinh thanh trong bao tu. Thdi gian hinh thanh bao tir la 3 - 5
ngay.
1.2.2. Cau true cua cau triing
Phan ldn Oocyst cau trung co dac di6m ca'u tao nhu sau:
Oocyst mau vang sang hoac khong mau, mau vang nhat hoac nau nhat. Vo ngoai
ciia Oocyst thudng nhan, cung co loai vo xu xi (E. spinosa). Vo chia lam 2 ldp: ldp vo ngoai day, vo trong mong, vo ngoai va vo trong co the tach rdi nhau bang axit H2S04 hoac bang cach lam nong Oocyst trong nude.
W6 ca'u tao hoa hoc: vo ngoai la ldp quinone protein, vo trong la ldp lipit ket hop protein de tao thanh khue xa kep (lipoprotein). Ldp trong cua vo Oocyst chiem 80% gom: mot ldp glycoprotein (day 0,9 (im), dupe bao boc bdi mot ldp lipit day (0,1 urn). Ldp lipit chu yeu la phospho lipit, chfnh ldp nay bao ve Oocyst cau trung chong lai su tan cong ve mat hoa hoc. Mot so loai cau triing d phfa dau nhon cua Oocyst co mot cai “nap” khue xa, goi la Micropyle (16 noan). Micropyle la vi trf co khe hd cua mang bao quanh Macrogamete khi thu tinh, sau thu tinh thi khe hd dong lai va vi vay nhieu loai khong thay Micropyle nua. Goodrick (1994) khi nghien curu vo cau true Oocyst cho rang, ldp ngoai la vo boc lien tuc ki ca khi co Micropyle va sau khi thu tinh Micropyle
dong lai va khong bao gid md ra nua, va day khong phai la con dudng ma Sporpzoite
ihoat ra khoi Oocyst: Viec thoat ra ciia Sporozoite bang con dudng nao, cach nao, dieu kien ra sao deu chua ro rang.