C. CH3COOCH=CHCH3 D CH2=CH-CH200CH
d)Dung dich polime co dp nhdt cao la do phan tir polime co kich thuoc Ion khong the chuyen dong linh boat tu do nhu cac phan tir nho dugc.
khong the chuyen dong linh boat tu do nhu cac phan tir nho dugc.
6. a) nCH3-CH=CH2 '"•'° >-eCH-CH2iH phan img trimg hgp CH3 CH3
b) nCH2=CCl-CH=CH2 xt,t" ->-fCH2- C - CH - CH2-)H-phan ling triing hgp CI CI
c) nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 +nCH2=CH-CN- xt.t"
- e CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH-^ phan ling dong triing hgp CN d) nHO-CH2-CH2-OH + nHOOC-CeHs-COOH "'•'" >
-tO-C2H4-OOC-C6H4-CO^ + 2nH20 phan ling dong triing ngung
xt,t"
e) nH2N-CH(CH3)-[CH2]io-COOH
-eNH-CH(CH3)-[CH2]io-Catn + nH20 phan ling dong triing ngung
7. Polime Monome a) (CH2-CCl2-CH2-CCl2)n CH2=CCl2 b) ( CH2-CHCI-CH2- CH-CeHs) CH2=CHC1 va CH2=CH-C6H5 ""^ -^H NH-CO cd^ o y NH2 NH2 COOH COOH d) - ( 0 C - ( ( ) y C 0 0 - C H 2 - / \ - C H 2 - 0 - ] „ va monome la HOOC- OOH
8. Tinh cac he so polime boa n: 420000 HO-CH2 ,-CH2-OH n p E - npvc - 28 250000 62,5 1620000 ^xenlulozo =15000 = 4000 =10000 162
E. TU" LIEU THAM K H A O
Mot s6 ylu t l anh huong den phan ling trimg hgp va quan he giira cau tao monome voi kha nang trimg hgp cua no
Anh hirong cua nhi?t 3$
Nghien ciiu dgng hgc cua qua trinh trimg hgp glc cho thiy ring: Khi tang nhiet do se lam tang toe do tit ca cac phan ling hoa hgc k l ca t i c do cua cac phan ling co so trong ca 3 giai doan trimg hgp (khoi mao, phat triln mach, tat mach).
Viec tang toe do binh thanh tnmg tam boat dgng (giai doan khoi mao) va toe do phat trien manh lam tang tic do chung cua qua trinh chuyin hoa monome thanh polime, nhung dong thai ciing lam tang toe do tat mach, co tac dung lam cham qua trinh chuyen hoa nay, nit ngin mach phan ling va do do lam giam he so tning hgp, tiic lam giam phan tu khoi trung binh ciia polime tao thanh.
Anh hu-ong cua nong do va chat khoi mao
Neu tang nong do cua chat khoi mao, so goc tu do tao thanh khi phan huy tang len, dan toi lam tang so trung tam hoat dgng va vi vay toe do triing hgp chung ciing tang, phan tir khoi cua polime tao thanh giam tuong tu nhu khi tang nhiet do.
Toe do cua phan ling triing hgp ciing phu thuoc vao ban chat cua chat khai mao. Chang ban, stiren hay acrilonitrin khi trimg hgp voi benzoyl peroxit khoi mao thi toe do phan ling trimg hgp tang, con khi dimg chat khoi mao diazoaminobenzen trong cimg dieu kien thi toe do phan ling lai giam.
Anh hv&ng cua nong do monome
Khi tien hanh trimg hgp trong dung moi, toe do trimg hgp chung va phan tir khoi cua polime tao thanh tang theo nong do monome.
Anh hvong cua ap suat
Ap suat vao khoang vai atm va ngay ca hang chuc atm thuc te khong anh huong den qua trinh triing hgp. Ap suat cao va sieu cao (3000-7000 atm hoac hon niia) lam tang kha nhieu toe dp ciia phan ling trimg hgp. Chang ban, qua trinh trimg hgp metyl metacrylat khi co mat oxi ciia khong khi 6 lOO^C va ap suit khi quyin keo dai toi 6 gio nhung duoi ap suit 3000 atm thi chi can 1 gio.
Anh huong cua cau tao monome toi kha nang trung hop ciia no
Dgng hgc trimg hgp ciia cac monome khac nhau phu thuoc vao cau tao cua chung. Toe do triing hgp cua anken va ankadien phu thuoc chu ylu vao do
phan cue ciia monome. Khi tang tic do phan cue cua monome se lam tang kha nang phan ling ciia no va do do lam tang toe do khoi mao trimg hgp. Chang ban, etilen va buta-l,3-dien deu co momen luong cue gan bang 0 nen kho trimg hgp, thuc t l chiing trimg hgp dugc la do hi phan cue nho anh huong cua dung moi, chit khoi mao.
Dan xuat the cua cac hidrocacbon khong no co nhom hiit hay day electron deu lam tang do phan cue phan tii nen noi chung deu de triing hgp theo ca CO che goc va co che ion. Dan xuat the cang doi xiing, triing hgp cang kho, va ngugc lai cang bat doi xung cang de trimg hgp.
Ngoai ra, cac goc tu do tao thanh tu monome phan cue do lien hgp lai luon kem boat dgng. Dieu nay dugc giai thich la boat tinh cua goc tu do gay nen do sir CO mat cua electron dgc than khi electron khong cap doi nay lien hgp voi cac lien ket khac, dam may electron giam di va boat tinh ciia goc bi giam. Vi vay, cac goc tu do hoat dgng nhat dugc tao thanh tir monome khong bi boat boa boi bieu img lien hgp.
Hieu ling lien hgp trong monome cang nho, kha nang phan ling cua goc tao thanh tir monome cang cao. Chang han, monome vinyl axetat it boat dgng, hieu ling lien hgp cua no gan bang 0, se cho goc tu do rat boat dgng.
R*+CH2=C1|I > R - C H 2 - C H 1
OCOCH3 OCOCH3 Trai lai, monome stiren boat dong lai cho goc khong boat dong vi (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
R* + CH2=CH > ?
Ngoai ra, ciu tao ciia monome khong nhiing anh huong den kha nang triing hgp ciia chiing va do do den toe do phan ling ma con anh huong den cau tao manh phan tir polime.
Vi du: Khi triing hgp stiren, cac phan tir ciia no co the ket hgp voi nhau a \i
tri, a - p (diu - duoi):
hoac a - a (diu - diu)
. . . - C H 2 - C H - C H - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H - C H - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H
Neu ket hgp theo kieu a - P thi phan tir boat dgng ban diu (ion hoac goc) phai dinh vao Cp:
R* + CH2=CH 6 K" + CH2=CH A" + CH2=CH -> R - C H j - C H K - C H 2 - C H A - C H , - C H ZD (I) J
D I thu dugc polime kieu a - a can co sir ket hgp cua goc hoSc ion vao C„:
R* + CH=CH2 K" + CH=CH2 6 A~ + CH=CH2 -^ R - C H - C H , K - C H - C H 2 d A - C H - C H 2 (11)
So sanh ciu tao cua cac glc va ion tao thanh (I va II), ta thiy ring nlu ket hgp vao Cp co Igi vl mat nang lugng vi day la cac glc va ion it boat dong dugc tao thanh do sir lien hgp voi vong benzen (truong hgp I). Trong nhiing glc va ion nhan dugc bing each ket hgp vao Cp, khong co sir lien hgp voi electron dgc than cua goc tu do ciing nhu vdi cacbocaction hoac cacbanion
(truong hgp II). Vi vay, phan ling phat trien manh trong triing hgp glc, triing hgp cation va anion de tao thanh polime a - p se chiem uu the. triing hgp cation va anion de tao thanh polime a - p se chiem uu the.
Mot so dan xuat cua anken chiia nhiing nguyen tir hoac nhom the co thi tich Ion, ngoai yeu to nhiet dgng con chu yeu la yeu to an ngir khong gian lam