B A I L A M
Toi CO rriQt cau h o i kha t h i i v i : ne'u m o i n g u o i t r o n g c h u n g ta la m p t hat giong, vay d a u la luc ta thuc s u nay mam? Co p h a i k h i v u a chao d o i khong? Theo t o i la k h o n g . G i a y p h i i t t h i e n g lieng do c h i thuc s u bat d a u k h i ta bat re vao CUQC song d u n g nap n g u o n d i n h d u o n g va t i m cho m i n h con d u o n g v u o n len. Ne'u b a n con b o i r o i , " C a u chuy?n ciia hai hat m a m " se d?y m o i n g u o i c h i i n g ta v e . . . each nay m a m !
T r u y ^ n ke ve cuoc d o i ciia h a i hat m a m " n a m canh n h a u t r e n m p t m a n h dat m a u m o " . H a t m a m t h u nhat m a n g t r o n g m i n h khat vQng d u p e "ben re sau vao l o n g dat", n o hao hue m u o n Ipt xac de n h a n h c h o n g cam n h a n cupc song rye r o sac m a u . The la hat m a m ay mpc len! H a t m a m t h u h a i h o a n toan ngupc lai, s u so hai l a m n o chi m u o n song m a i t r o n g l o p v 6 m a u xanh, k h o n g m u o n t r u o n g thanh. D o i v o i no, cupc song day ray n h u n g bat trac, k h o k h a n . Va v i ngoan co k h o n g c h i u nay m a m , cuoi c u n g no b i m p t con ga " m o d i ngay lap tuc". Cau c h u y e n k h e p l a i v o i n h i e u m c u o i y v j . Chac r a n g ta't ca c h i i n g ta deu ca n g p i hat g i o n g t h u nhat v i l o n g d i i n g cam va m i a m a i hat con l a i v i da song d o n hen. The n h u n g , t h u m p t p h i i t lang l o n g va dat m i n h vao " m a n h dat m a u m o ay", lieu ta se t r o t h a n h hat m a m nao? L i ? u ta c6 d a m d i i n g cam v u o n t o i " s u a m ap ciia m a t t r o i " hay l o so rang " k h o n g biet se gap p h a i d i e u g i n o i toi t a m do"? Cau tra 16i d a n h cho m o i c h i i n g ta, n h u n g b a n t h a n cau chuyen c h i n h la bai hpc t u y e t v o i ve l o n g d u n g cam - chia khoa ciia s u t h a n h cong.
L o n g d u n g cam - c p i re cua m p i n g u o n sue m ^ h !
Tir be, h a n rang ai c u n g d u p e cha m ? bao b a n day do, rang d u n g cam la k h o n g so hai bat c i i d i e u g i , la song anh d u n g , h i e n ngang, la " p h a i eo d a n h gi v o i n i i i song". T o m l a i , d u n g cam la d a m song! Song c6 y nghia, song eo m u c d i c h , CO u d c m o , e h i i k h o n g p h a i song v a t v o n h o o x i , song t h u d p n g n h u cac loai s i n h v a t khae. Co rat n h i e u n g u o i da t r o thanh n h u n g hat m a m v u o n cao t o i anh sang n h o biet song, d a m song! N h u m p t n u v a n hao n g u o i M i , t i m g n o i tieng v o i cau n o i " T o i da khoc k h i k h o n g c6 giay de d i , cho t o i k h i t o i n h i n thay m p t n g u o i k h o n g eo chan de d i g i a y " - la m p t n g u o i tan tat. N h u n g v u p t len tat ca, ba da d u n g tai n a n g c h i i n g m i n h cho ca the g i o i thay k h i e m k h u y e t than the k h o n g l a m ba guc nga. N g u o i p h u n u ay da d u n g cam song p h a n d o i ciia m i n h , d i i n g c a m chap n h a n d i n h m ? n h nghiet nga de b i e n n o t h a n h d p n g luc m a n h m e k h o n c i m g . N h u vay, d i i n g cam eon la d a m u d c m o . H a t m a m t h i i nhat t r o n g cau c h u y e n d u ehua he d a m re x u o n g m a t dat c i i n g , dix chua " n o ra n h u n g canh hoa d i u d a n g n h u dau h i ^ u chao d o n m u a x u a n " , d u ehua "cam n h a n s u a m ap ciia a n h m a t t r o i va thucmg t h i i c n h u n g g i p t s u o n g m a i d p n g t r e n canh l a " , v a n a i h i n h d u n g cupc song t h ^ t nen t h o va t u o i d?p! D o la g i 498
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ne'u k h o n g p h a i la uac m o , k h o n g phai la n i e m t i n vao tucmg l a i p h i a truoc? C h i n h uoc m o la n g u o n goc, la n o i nang giac m o cho n h u n g tai n a n g t r o t h a n h h i ^ n thuc. Co uoc m o , ta chua han da c6 d i e u m i n h muo'n n h u n g c h i c chan mpt dieu rang, ta se chSng c6 g i ne'u thie'u uoc m o ! Da la u o c m o t h i p h a i d?p, phai cao ca, p h a i x i i n g d a n g de ta p h a n dau trpn d o i . N g u o i ta v a n t h u o n g n o i , gin'c m o m i e n p h i , v i vay, d u n g ha tien cho ban than dupe song t r o n g n h i i n g giac m o dep nhat. N h u n g d i e u q u a n trpng, la p h a i c6 d i i n g cam bien uoc m o tro thanh s u that. Phai p h a n dau k h o n g n g u n g de r o i se c6 ngay: "Va hat m a m mpe len!". D o c h i n h la p h a n thucmg ciia l o n g d i i n g cam?
K h o n g c h i c6 the^ d u n g cam eon la d a m n h i n l a i c h i n h m i n h . B o i con n g u o i dau sao v a n chi la m p t sinh vat bat toan. N g u o i d u n g cam la n g u o i d a m n h i n thay n h u n g k h u y e t d i e m , n h u n g meo m o ciia ban than de t i r n g ngay hoan thi?n. A i d a m bao d u n g cam t h i k h o n g c6 Ixie y e u duoi? K h o n g eo n h u n g chong chenh? K h o n g c6 n h u n g y e u long? N h u n g l o n g d u n g cam se g i i i p eon n g u o i d i i n g v i i n g , g i u con n g u o i k h o n g bude qua k h o i r a n h g i o i T h i f n - Ac. C h i n h v i le ay, sue m a n h ciia con n g u o i de song g i u a cupc d o i n a y c h i n h la so h i i u l o n g d i i n g cam.
Sxf h e n n h a t - khSc t i n h ciia cupc song!
H e n nhat la ke t h u so m p t ne'u ta c6 y d i n h song tot, song eo y nghia. B o i no se " g i i i p " c h i i n g ta d o n g m p i canh ciia vao d o i . Ke hen nhat la ke d a u m o i l u o n chuc cho hai chi> " T o i so...". N h u hat m a m t h i i hai kia, chua he bat re vao dat me, no da so hai, da hoang m a n g v o i n h u n g d i e u k h o n g hay d a u chi t r o n g t u o n g t u p n g . M a c d u that tha t h i i nhan rang, no " k h o n g biet se gap p h a i dieu gi o n o i t o i t a m xa x o i d o " , n h u n g no v a n k h o n g d u can d a m song cupc d o i khae. M o i c h i i n g ta, ne'u c i i song hen nhat, song m a i v o i n h u n g l a n g l o h i n m i i n , CO h p i se d i qua l i i c nao k h o n g hay biet. M p t cupc song t u o i dep, m p t t i n h yeu h a n h phiic, m p t con riguoi toan t h i ^ n . . . l a n h i i n g d i e u k h o n g bao g i o xuat hien t r o n g d o i m p t ke hen nhat. H p g i o n g n h u hat m a m d a n g t h u o n g kia, chi biet " n a m i m va cho d p i " . Xa h p i ta ngay nay d u ngay cang nang dpng, van m i n h , v a n k h o n g he thie'u n h u n g n g u o i n h u the. H p la ai? C a n ta nhat la n h u n g cau ain c6 chieu da q u e n v o i s u bao bpc ciia cha me, gia d i n h . H p sp vao
l l ^ o i v i sp gap h i e m n g u y , bat trSe, cam chju song t r o n g v o n g t r o n an toan gia tao eiia r i e n g m i n h . T o i n h o den cau n o i ciia hat m a m : " T o i nen n a m day cho <leh k h i cam thay that s u an toan da". That n u c c u o i , ne'u da hen nhat, da sp I hai, t h i biet den k h i nao m o i la liic "that s u an toan"? C h a n g bao g i o ca! C h i n h
Vi vay, hen nhat la n g u o i ban v o c u n g than thiet ciia Tie'e N u o i , ciia Gia N h u , . . . K h o n g d a m song, deh k h i n h a m m a t x u o i tay m o i an han v i da p h i hoai cupc <16i d u y nhat. K h o n g d a m cong hien, den cuoi c u n g m o i tie'e n u o i k h o n g ai
nhan ra tai nang. Khong dam yeu thuong, den cuo'i cung moi nhan ra minh chua tirng hanh phuc... Dap va xay - cai nao de hon nhung tuang ai cung ro. Vay ma dung cam va hen nhat - da khong it ke chpn loi song thu hai. De roi mot ngay no bi "mpt chii ga di loanh quanh mo ngay lap tuc"...
Cau chuyen la bai hoc tham thiiy va day y nghia ve thai do song ciia con nguoi. Ai do da noi "Doi thay doi khi chving ta thay doi", nen neu ta dam diing cam song, dam uoc mo va nay mam, ta se dupe cupc doi don nhan. Nhupc bang ta trung thanh voi loi song an toan, hen nhat, so hai, som mupn ta cung tro nen v6 dung, bi dao thai khong thuong tiec. Mat khac, cau chuyen con la mpt loi nhMc nho, canh tinh rang: co hpi khong den hai Ian. Hoa cong ban cho chiing ta su song chinh la thu co hpi thieng lieng, cao qui bac nhat. Ta khong nen de no vut qua chong vanh, v6 nghia. Co kho gi dau, moi ngay neu biet soi lai tam hon minh mpt chut, manh me hon mpt chiit, song d?p hon mot chut, la ta da toi luy^n cho minh long dung cam - due tinh can thie't de song giira dai. Voi rieng toi, cau chuyen con nhac den mpt ranh gioi mong manh giira su Hen Nhat va Can Nhac. Hat mam thu hai khong phai khong co li khi lo so, nhung neu no chi dung lai 6 su can nhac, va van dung cam vuon minh,
CO le ke't cue dang tiec da khong bao gio xay ra. Hinh anh chii ga cuoi truyen lai chinh la tupng trung cho qui luat dao thai ciia cupc song: nhiing ke lang phi
CO hpi song ma Thupng De ban cho, nhiJng ke hen nhat, y lai, luoi bieng, roi se nhan dupe so'khong tron trinh...
Nguoi ta van thuong noi: "Dii nang hoa se no. Du gio chong chong se quay. Du yeu thuong hanh phiie se dong day". Nhung, bao nhieu dung cam la dii de bMt dau cupc song, de nay mam?
(Pham Thuy Vy - Chuyen Van Lumg TheVinh, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai.
Thu Khoa nganh Ngu van - D H KHXH & NV Tp Ho Chi Minh 2013)
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Muc luc
DE L A M Dl/QC M O T BAI T H I D A I HQC - CAO D A N G DAT DIEM
7,8,9 3
Chuyen de 1: CAC D A N G DE T H I CAU 5 DIEM 22
» PHAN V A N HOC LOP 11 35
H A I DLTA T R E - Thach Lam 35
CHLT NGl/OI TU" TU - Nguyen Tuan 48 H A N H PHUC C U A M O T TANG G I A - Vu Trpng Phyng 57
C H I PHEO - Nam Cao 61
D O I T H L / A - Nam Cao 69
VINH BIET CLTU TRUNG D A I - Nguyen Huy Tuong 77
VQI VANG - Xuan Di^u 83 D A Y THON VI DA - Han Mae Tu 99
TRANG GIANG - Huy Can 106 TLfONG T U - Nguyen Binh 112 CHIEU T O I - Ho Chi Minh 114 L A I T A N - Ho Chi Minh 121
TlTAY-ToHiJu 122 * PHAN V A N HQC L 6 P 12 127
TUYEN N G O N D O C L A P - Ho Chi Miiih 127
T A Y TIEN - Quang Dung 138 VIET B A C - T o H u u 158
D A T NlSOC - Nguyen Khoa Diem 176
SONG - Xuan Quynh 204
D A N G H I TA C U A L O R - C A - Thanh Thao 227
TIENG HAT C O N TAU - Che Lan Vien 242 NGUOI L A I DO SONG DA - Nguyen Tuan 251 AI DA D A T T E N C H O DONG SONG - Hoang Phu Ngpc Tuong 259
VQ CHONG A P H U - To Hoai 263
VQ N H A T - K i m Lan 287 Rl/NG XA N U - Nguyen Trung Thanh 311
N H L T N G DLTA C O N T R O N G G I A DINH - Nguyen Thi 325
CHIEC THUYEN NGOAI XA - Nguyen Minh Chau 329
H O N T R U ' O N G BA DA HANG T H J T - Luu Quang Vu 345
Chuyen de 2: D A N G DE SO SANH VA CAU TRUC BAI L A M 36i
I. K H A I QUAT CHUNG 361 II. HUONG D A N MOT SO DE 363
De 1: Bmh luan canh vugt thac trong "Nguoi lai do Song Da" va
canh cho chii trong "Chu nguai tu tu". Qua do, chi ro sy thay doi ve
phong each nghe thuat ciia Nguyen Tuan truoc va sau each mang 363
De 2: So sanh cai nhm nghe thuat cua nhan vat Phung trong "Chiec
thuyen ngoai xa" - Nguyen Minh Chau va nhan vat Vu Nhu To trong
"VTnh biet ciru trung dai" - Nguyen Huy Tuong 368
De 3: Cam nhan ve "tieng chim hot ngoai kia vui ve qua. Tieng anh
thuyen chai go mai cheo duoi ca. Tieng cua may ba di chg ve" (Chi Pheo - Nam Cao) va "Mi nghe tieng sao vpng lai thiet tha boi hoi..."
(V9 chong A Phu - To Hoai) 371
De 4: Tuong quan anh sang va bong toi trong tac pham "Chu nguoi
tu tu" - Nguyen Tuan va " Hai dua tre" - Thach Lam 378
De 5. Cung tai hien ve dep cua nhiing doan quan ra tran moi nha tho
lai CO each kham pha the hien rieng. Trong bai "Tay Tien", Quang
Diing vie't: "Tdy Tien doan binh ko moc toe ...Dem ma Ha Noi dang kicu thorn". Trong "Vi§t Bac", To Huu viet: "Nhimg duang Viet Bac cm ta...Anh sao dau sung ban cung mil nan". Cam nhan ciia anh (chi) ve 2
doan tha tren 379
De 6: Cam nhan hai doan tho "Nha gi nhir nha nguoi yeu.... suo'i Le voi
day". (Vift Bac - To Hiru) va doan "Con song duai long sau... ngay dem
khong ngu duac" (Song - Xuan Quynh) 385
i De 7: Cam nhan ciia Anh/chj ve hinh tuong vien quan nguc trong
> tac pham "Chit nguoi tu tii" ciia Nguyen Tuan va nhan vat Dan
, Thiem trong "VTnh bift Cuu Trung Dai" - Nguyen Huy Tuong 386
Chuyen de 3: CAU H O I 2 DIEM TRONG KY T H I D A I HQC - CAO DANG