- Everyda yI would get up at five o’clock
H dy: to fly * fil ed (bay)
to try -» t r ie d (cd g&ng, thu)
Nhtfng to enjoy -* e n jo y e d vl trtfdc y Id nguyfen dm O chtf kh6ng phai i dm.
* Tdn cung b&ng ph u d m md trtfdc nd la n g u y fen d m thi phai gdp doi i dm dd trtfdc khi thfem e d
Vi du: to stop -» s to p p e d (ditng, ngung)
to rob -* r o b b e d (cudp, trdm)
Nhtfng to book -» b o o k e d (g iit chb trudc, mua ve) vi trtfdc k la h a i uyfen d m .
i) Thi qu& khtf dien tien (Past continuous)
Thi qud khtf d iin tiS'n thdnh l£p theo c6ng thtfc:
was
+ present participles were
1- Thi qud khtf dien ti£'n dung di d iln d?t mQt hanh dong, stf vi£c dang ) d iin trong qud khtf, d m$t thdi d ilm c6 djnh ho$c ca khoang thdi gian.
Vf dy: - I w a s w ft t in g a letter to m y friend at seven o ’clock yestcrj
(Tdi d a n g v i6 t mQt btfc thtf cho b$n tdi v&o luc bay gift q h6m qua)
- What w e r e you d o in g at eleven o’clock last night.
(Ban d a n g la m gi v&o luc mtfiJi ro0t gid d£m hdm qua) - Y e sterd a y at that tim e I w a s p la y in g football
(Hdm qua vao gid do tdi d a n g c h d i bong da)
2) T h i past continuous chi h&nh dQng dan g ti£ p diSn tr o n g qud khtf vi$c khac l?i xay ra, hanh dQng sau d u n g thi qud khtf ddn (past simpli V f dy: * W h ile they w e r e g r o w in g vegetables in the garden, t
the v is ito r w a lk e d in
( Trong khi chung no d a n g t r b n g rau tron g vtfdn thi n| khach d i v&o)
* She w a s r e a d in g a book w hen you c a m e
(Cd &y d a n g d o c sach khi anh d € n )
3) T h i p a s t c o n tin u o u s kh6ng life cho ta biet hanh ddng dd ch£m hay chtfa.
V f du:- Lan w a s p r e p a r i n g the m eal
(Lan dd dang ckuan bi biZa An)
n htfn g kh6ng b iet da c h u in bj x o n g chtfa.
Con: Lan p r e p a r e d the meal - thi tifc la Lan da chuhn bi xong btfa On ii
4 ) T h i past continuous du n g d§’ thu&t lai cSu noi. V f du: H e said that he w a s w o r k in g all day on Sunday
(Anh &y noi rhng anh ta dd dang lam vide suot ngay hdm clu
nh&t)
5) D u n g tro n g cau dfeu ki&n (sau if ) va c&u gia th i£ t <sau I w ish ) V i du: - I f you w e r e p r a c t i s i n g a lot you w ould soon p e r fe c t
j! (N iu anh (da) dang thuc hanh rSt nhi'iu th i anh se sdm hoan ch ln h v6n ti&ng A nh )
- They wish they w e r e coming to the capital again this year
(Chung ao udc dupe d in Thu dt> fan nvta trong nton nay)
) Thi hi§n tai hoikn thanh (present p erfect).
* -
) Thi present perfect duqc thhnh I6p theo cdng thiic:
has
+ past participle
, have
''hi present perfect d iin ta m0t hdnh dOng xay ra tro n g qud khtf m a ng xdc djnh dtftfc thdi di£m xay ra ho$c hdnh dQng l£p di l$p l$i tro n g khtf. Hofcc n6 con d£ d iin ta mQt h&nh dQng b i t dau tro n g qud khtf ,;dn tife'p ty c tro n g hi§n tai.
ri dy: - She h as g o n e to m arket. 4
(Cb &y da di chq).
(K h fin g xdc djnh thdi di£m nhtfng c6 dy da di ch<? x on g r6 i).
(] - I have learn ed English.
(Tbi da. hoc t iin g Anh).
(Bat ddu h<?c tro n g qud khtf vd c6n ti£p ty c h<?c tro n g hi£n tai).
2)Cac dQc d iim cua thi present perfect.
Thi hi$n tai ho&n thanh dung:
. D£ d iin ta stf vi£c tro n g qud khtf nhtfng con lifin quan d£n hifen tai. Vi dy: •
* Loan h a s been here fo r ten m inutes (She is here n ow ) (Cft Loan da 6 day dtftfc mtfefi phut) (hi£n cd vSn con ddy). * Oh, I have forgotten his name.
(d, tbi qu in m6t t in anh ta).
(H iin g id tbi khbng nhd n6i t in anh &y).
(Tdi da md cda s6) (nd v&n cbn md).
. B i diin ta h&nh dQng vtfa x£y ra xong, qu4 khtf gfcn thi d in g juat^ v&o gitfa have vik past participle.
Vf dy: - She is going to post the letter she h a » ju s t w ritte n .
[Cd £y di gdi (bitu di?n ) Id thit md cd tty vita v if t xong].
- The clock has just struck five.
(Dbng h'd vita d iim nOm gid).
. D£ diin ta hanh d$ng xay ra trong quA khtf m& vAn c6n xay ra tn hifen tai, trong c&c c&u &y thtfiJng g6m c&c ttf: for, since, how long.
Vf du:
- I h a ve liv e d there for four years.
(Tdi s6ng d dd ditcfc b6n n&m). (H iin gid v&n dang sd’ng d dd).
- I haven’t smoked since August.
(Tdi da khdng hut thudc k6 tit thangTam). (T it thang Ttiirr'd&n gid tdi khdng hit hut thudc).
- H a v e you e v e r se e n an elephant?
(Ban co bao gid thdy mdt con voi chua?)
(Tiic tit tntdc tdi gid ban cd titng thdy voi chua?)
. Dung kem vdi already d£ d iin ta di&u gi hoan th&nh sdm hdn ta n Vf du: - I h a v e a lr e a d y e x p la in e d this lesson.
(Tdi da giang nghia bdi hoc nity rdi).
. De dien ta ca hi£n tai nhtf: today, this m orning, this month. V f du: - I h a v e w r it t e n two letters this morning.
(Sang nay tdi dd vi&'t hai Id thit) (ndi vao luc sang).
Neu noi vao luc trtfa, xe, chfeu (ttfc sau luc sang) thi phai dung thi d khtf:
-I w rote two letters this morning. - I have eaten ten candies today.
(Hbm nay tdi d& fin mudi v iin keo).
i (Ttic tbi se fin th im nt?a cho tdi khi nghy hbm nay ch&m dlit).
0 Thi hi&n t?i h o h n th&nh dien tien
(present perfect continuous).
Thi present perfect continuous dtf^c thdnh l$p theo cflng thiic.
been + present participle have
1- Thi hi§n tai ho&n thanh d iin tien chi mQt hanh d$ng trong qud khtf i dang ti£p d iin d hi6n tai vd ca trong ttfdng lai; thtfcJng di kem vdi how g, far, since...
Vi dy: * She has been w a tc h in g television for more than one hour.
(Cb dy da xem T.V duqc hdn mbt gid dbng Kb). (va hiin cb dy v&n cbn xem).
* He has been lea rn in g the lesson since seven o’ clock.
(Anh &y da hoc bai tU luc bay gid tb'i) (va anh &y v&n cbn dang hoc).
* How long has your family been liv in g in Saigon? Since 1952.
(Gia dinh ban da d Sai Gon bao lau roi? tU nOm 1952). (tinh cho d&n bdy gid).
2- Thi hi£n tai hoan thanh dien ti&'n chi hanh dong bat dau trong qua tf, ti&p d iin m §t thdi gian va hoan thanh vao luc dang noi. tf, ti&p d iin m §t thdi gian va hoan thanh vao luc dang noi.
V i dy: - Here is my article, I have been w r it in g it all this time.
(D&y la tac ph&m cua tbi, tbi da viet no suot thdi gian nay). (vd hiin tai da. hoan t&t).
- I h ave been ta lk in g to Lan about your difficuties and she thinks she can help you.
(Tbi da noi vdi Lan vi v&n d£ kho khan cua anh vd cb &y nghi rhng cb &y cd thi giup anh).
C h ti y : Th i present perfect continuous d i n g tro n g tn fd n g hdp chidi d£n hanh dQng mil khOng d£ y d£n hftu qua ttfc khdng d i y dfe’n viQc d6 ho&n t£t hay chtfa. C6n thi present perfect ndi vk difeu d i ho&n iSt.