IV, TINH TLT (ADJECTIVES)
A. Cac loai tilth tit
Co bay loai tinh ttf. Tinh tut bo nghia (m od ify ) cho m$t danh ttf, d$i hay tinh ttf khac, no dtfdc goi la tin h tif thude ngi? (a ttrib u tive) vk lu dtfng trtfdc danh tOr.
V i du: I buy a n e w hat.
(T d i mua m ot ch iec mu m a i)
Tinh ttf con dung lam bo ngtf cho dpng ttf tra n g thai (lin k in g vei thi no trd thanh tin h t if v i ngur (predicate a d jec tiv e) d£ b6 I (com plem ent) cho dong ttf
Vi du: * She looks h e a lth y
(Cd ta tro n g cd ve khoe m anh) * M j. Brown is an o ld man.
Tfnh tOr vj n g ild i theo to be: lk; to become: tbknh; to seem: dudng
t\ to look: trOng c6 v&; to feel: dim thtfy 1) Tinh tic riing (proper adjectives) - ’ Tfnh tor rifeng phkt xukt tfit danh tOr rikng « Vf dy: * F ren ch grammar is very difficult. (Van pham Phdp ngU th i r6t kh6)
* Shakespeare play is interesting.
(Vd kich cua Shakespeare th i thu v i)
2) T i n h tCC m o ta (descriptive adjectives)
Tfnh tOr md ta dung A i mo ta hay noi 16n tfnh chkt cua danh tur, thudng ng trtfdc danh tOr.
Vf dy: * Dick is a ta ll boy.
(.DicK lit c&u b6 cao nhong) * New York is a b ig city.
(N iu Yook I t mdt thhnh ph6 Idn)
T u y nhifen tr o n g cdc trtfifn g h op sau nd la i d tin g sau danh tit a) Cd gidi tir theo sau
Vf dy: * Mr. White is a man g r e e d y for money.
(d n g White la mdt ngtfdi tham tiln ).
b) K h i hai tinh tit n6i vdi nhau bdi:
as well as : cung nhu ;i both ... and: vilra... vita
1 not only... but also: khdng nhtfng... ma con either ... or: ho&c la... hoSc la
neither ... nor: khdng... ma cung khdng.
Vf dy: * Mr. Clark is a businessman both experienced a n d enterprising.
(d n g Clark la mdt thwong gia vita co kinh nghiem v£fa thao vdt)
t ) D i theo dal t it M l d in h nhtf: something, anything, everytki
nothing.
Vi dy: * That’s nothing n ew .
(D iiu dd c h in g mdi m i g i)
d) Dung vdi danh tile hay tu: n g it c h i thdi gian hoQc do Itf&ng
Vi du: * She is eighteen years old .
(Cb ntrng m odi tdm tu6i) * The wall is eleven feet high.
(Bite tudng cao mtfdi mQt bQ)
e) T in h tit c6 ti&'p dhu ngit a.
Vi dy: * I see the baby a sleep.
(T b i trbng thtiy dvfa b i dang ngu)
* I always find Long a lon e.
(T b i lubn lubn thtiy L on g mbt m in h ).
f) T in h tit possible ditng sau danh tit tgo thim h tin h tit citc c6p.
Vi dy: Mail is carried by the most e f ficient means p o s s ib le .
(T h u tin ductc mang d i bhng nhitng ph u on g t it n hitu hijlu n co t h i co)
g) Theo sau m$t so tit goc tii'n g Phap
* All the people p r e s e n t : tsUt ca nhtfng ngtfefi hi^n di| * The Theater R o y a l : H i vi£n H oang gia
* The Court m a r tia l : Toa an quan stf
* The postmaster g e n e r a l : Td’ng giam doc btfu difcn 3) T i n h tlC SCf hxtlL (possessive adjectives)
Tinh ttf sd htfu xuat phat ttf d?i ttf nhSn xtfng, no dtfng trtfdc dan de xac djnh cua ai.
Khi mdt danh ttf da co tfnh ttf sd htfu dtfng trtfdc thi khdng dung m ttf ntfa.