translation by structural correspondences

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... unit (Fig. 1A). The two heterodimers are arranged side by side in the opposite orientation to form a central 12 stranded b-sheet surrounded by 10 a helices. The refined overall structures are very ... strengthened by the hydrogen bond between NE2 of P2 His and OH of Tyr230 in one binding site. These structures demonstrate that the size of the S2 pocket of caspase-7 can be enlarged or reduced by rotating Tyr ... signals by protease zymogen activa- tion. Biochim Biophys Acta 1477, 299–306. 40 Lazebnik YA, Kaufmann SH, Desnoyers S, Poirier GG & Earnshaw WC (1994) Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... only in the output dimension(s), then the inference is, de facto, a translation. The possible translations are determined by consulting the gram- mar. Thus, in addition to its usual function ... informa- tion about translational equivalence. 4 The inside-probability semiring would be required for maximum-likelihood synchronization. Statistical Machine Translation by Parsing I. Dan Melamed Computer ... these templates by a linear-time lin- earization post-process that traverses the finished multitree in postorder. To the best of our knowledge, Logic CT is the first published translation logic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... rule-interaction problems exemplified by the con- crete collisions were solved by adding • 26 general rules to cover certain standard scope mismatches caused by verb-inversion and negation. • ... applied purely nondeterministically and by pure unification, we get monotonicity "for free" - although there is a case for disallowing transfer by decomposition of a complex QLF structure ... eliminated by having adequate mono- lingual grammars and using the target grammar as a filter; the idea is to allow the transfer com- ponent to produce unacceptable QLFs which are filtered out by...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:17

... translation Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation Word-for-word translation PART B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter ... 8 1.1. Translation theory 8 1.1.1. Definition of translation 8 1.1.2. Translation equivalence 8 1.1.2.1. The nature of equivalence in translation 9 1.1.2.2. Types of equivalence in translation ... on the communicative purpose of translation by citing: Translation is a communicative process which takes place within a social context”. It is then followed by other linguists, Bell (1991:...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:31

... of a central b-sheet surrounded by a-helices; the domains are joined by a hinge region contain- ing three segments. c-Cyclodextrin is located at a cleft formed by the two domains. A common functional ... surrounded by a-helices. The two domains are joined by a hinge region, which contains three segments (residues 128– 130, 280–282 and 331–333). The sugar-binding site is located at a cleft formed by the ... protein [22], have been determined. These pro- teins share a common structural motif that consists of two domains, joined by a hinge region, which sur- round a sugar-binding site [11,15]. A common...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... Chinese to English translations distributed by LDC (catalog number LDC2003T17), for which both machine and human translations are avail- able. Machine translations have been assessed by evaluators ... human and machine translations. • Distinguish fluent machine translations from poor machine translations. • Distinguish the better (in terms of fluency) translation among two translations of the same ... accuracy. Ma- chine translations can be distinguished from hu- man translations with accuracy of 87%; machine translations with low fluency can be distinguished from machine translations with high...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... Model combination is accomplished by adding additional language model and translation model features to the log-linear model and tuning the additional meta-parameters by standard mini- mum error rate ... separate translation tasks, and investi- gate the influence of such tasks on machine translation performance. We study multi- task learning techniques that exploit com- monalities between tasks by mixtures ... com- monalities between tasks by mixtures of translation models or by multi-task meta- parameter tuning. We find small but sig- nificant gains over task-specific training by techniques that model commonalities through...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... generated by digestion of RNase A by subtilisin Carlsberg only. N-Terminal sequence determined Assigned RNase A Molecular mass determined by MALDI-MS (Da) Suggested RNase fragment Fraction by protein ... changes induced by trifluoroethanol in RNase A, spectroscopic and activity measurements in combination with proteolysis by unspecific proteases have been exploited for probing structural transitions ... dena- turation by guanidine hydrochloride, urea or temperature, the breakdown of the tertiary structure in trifluoroethanol is accompanied by an induction of secondary structure as detected by far-UV...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... phosphorylated by native PKA in vivo in the oocytes and that the extent of basal PKA phosphorylation is low. Structural determinant responsible for PKA phosphorylation in vitro To identify the structural ... channels by PIP2 and its stabilization by G beta gamma. Nature 391, 803–806. 16 Zhang HL, He C, Yan XX, Mirshahi T & Logothetis DE (1999) Activation of inwardly rectifying K+ chan- nels by distinct ... in homogenization buffer by pipetting up and down. Immuno- precipitation of GIRK1 channels from 15 oocytes solubi- lized in 100 lL of homogenization buffer was initiated by adding 4 lL of non-immune...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... activity expressed in unitsÆmg )1 of protein) or analyzed by SDS-PAGE under reducing (Red) or non-reducing (Nonred) conditions, fol- lowed by immunoblotting using anti-TNSALP serum. The arrowhead ... the values are the means of two independent experiments) (A) or analyzed by SDS-PAGE (under reducing conditions), followed by immunoblotting (5 lg each loaded) (B). (C) COS-1 cells were transfected ... column. TNSALP was eluted with 250 m M imidazole. Each eluate was ana- lyzed by SDS-PAGE (reducing condition), followed by silver staining (100 or 200 ng of protein loaded). Left lane: molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... dataset created by Zhu et al. (2010). In gen- eral, a statistical machine translation model finds a best translation ˜e of a text in language f to a text in language e by combining a translation model ... inspired by syntax-based SMT (Yamada and Knight, 2001) and consists of a language model, a translation model and a de- coder. The four mentioned simplification opera- tions together form the translation ... out producing an n-best list of candidate translations, ranked by the decoder score, a complex scoring function includ- ing likelihood scores from the translation model, and the target language...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... joint workshop on sta- tistical machine translation and metrics for machine translation. In Proceedings of the Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR, pages 17–53, ... and present related work in con- sensus translations (§4). Experiments are presented in Section 5 followed by discussion and our conclu- sion. 2 Combination by Confusion Network The system combination ... which alignment is mea- sured by an evaluation metric, such as translation er- ror rate (TER) (Snover et al., 2006). The new trans- lation hypothesis is generated by selecting the best path through...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Sagae 103 experimentally tested the new approach by com- bining translations obtained from combining three Arabic-to-English translation systems. Translation quality is scored using the METEOR ... component in the scoring of hypothe- sis translations is a confidence score that is as- signed to each of the original translations, which reflects the translation adequacy of the system that ... with each word in a synthetic translation based on the confidence of the system from which it originated. If the word was contributed by several different original translations, we sum the confidences...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22