translation by quasi logical form transfer

... language processing system to transfer- based interactive translation. Trans- fer takes place at the level of Quasi Logical Form (QLF), a contextually sensitive logical form rep- resentation which ... however, an article is oblig- atory before an adjective. Solving this problem 164 TRANSLATION BY QUASI LOGICAL FORM TRANSFER Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter and Manny P~yner SRI International Cambridge ... constructs contain syntactic and morphological information in the Category and logical (truth-conditional) information in the Restriction, itself a QLF formula binding the vari- able. A QLF...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form Some phrasal verbs can be followed by the -ing form of verbs: He ended up staying home. She lies around doing, nothing. The -ing form can be negative: ... sections followed by the -ing form. The first number after the verb is the section; the second number is the meaning. It is only that meaning that can be followed by the -ing form. Try to make ... go on information, you are able to continue an investigation or other project because you have this information. The detective said he needs more to go on and asked the public for information....

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

... complex were obtained by in vitro biochemical studies using concen- trated, purified enzymes. Association of PGK with GAPDH was demonstrated by utilizing gel penetra- tion analysis or by using immobilized ... H, Shuin T, Fukumura H & Sogawa K (2007) Ternary complex formation of pVHL, elongin B and elongin C visualized in living cells by a FRET– FLIM technique. FEBS J 274, 5567–5575. 25 Kemnitz ... article. Please note: As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer-reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... to ssDNA. The helical forms were hypo- thesized to represent the active form responsible for recombination reactions [27]. The presence of ATP was found to result in the formation of helical fila- ments ... Ca 2+ enhances the strand exchange activity of human Dmc1 protein by increas- ing the affinity of Dmc1 protein to ATP, mediated by a conformational change [28]. In our strand exchange assays, the presence ... meiosis-specific recom- binase Dmc1 by Ca 2+ . J Biol Chem 280, 26886–26895. 29 Rao BJ, Chiu SK & Radding CM (1993) Homologous recognition and triplex formation promoted by RecA protein between duplex...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... contain no informa- tion about translational equivalence. 4 The inside-probability semiring would be required for maximum-likelihood synchronization. Statistical Machine Translation by Parsing I. ... to MTGs in Generalized Chomsky Normal Form (GCNF) (Melamed et al., 2004). This normal form allows simpler algorithm descriptions than the normal forms used by Wu (1997) and Melamed (2003). In GCNF, ... only in the output dimension(s), then the inference is, de facto, a translation. The possible translations are determined by consulting the gram- mar. Thus, in addition to its usual function...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... determined by the source. It makes little sense, for example, to include information about grammatical gender in the transfer process if this feature is exhaustively determined by the grammar ... the grammar of the target language. We can formalize the relation between the information contained in the transfer component and an adequate translation of the source sentence into a target ... adequate translation of a given source sentence, it must be the case that a minimal structure assigned to that sentence by the target grammar is subsumed by a minimal solution to the transfer...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... have multiple translations, and that CCA uses only one translation, we form a bipar- tite graph with the training words in each language as nodes and the edge weight being the translation probability ... terms. We show several approaches to integrating such translations into a phrase- based translation system, yielding consistent improvements in translations quality (between 0.5 and 1.5 Bleu points) ... domain adaptation setting, by “bootstrapping” them based on known translations from the source domain. (3) Develop methods for integrating these mined dictio- naries into a phrase-based translation system...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... optimal and the translation results are more accurate. 5 Towards Translation Disambiguation using Frame Semantics As translation disambiguation forms the core of various machine translation strategies, ... its (multiple) Chinese translations by a bilingual dictionary. The parent frame of the English lexical item and those of all its Chinese translations are aligned to form an initial mapping. ... to cluster Chinese verb senses. Word Sense Translation Previous word sense translation methods are based on using context information to improve translation. These methods look at the context...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... actions and determine whether they should be distinguished in the logical form. Multi-clause sentences Another area of logical form that has not received much attention is the representation ... actions are related or when to perform a future action. Apparently, Davidson did not have these types of action in mind when suggesting his theory of logical form. In fact, a closer look at ... *This research has been supported by U S West Advanced Technologies, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No.AFOSR-89-0273, and by an IBM Grad- uate Fellowship. 331...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... specify logical form. Logical form has a meaning. Any further processing must respect that meaning. First, the compactness constraint captures the spirit of logical form as presented by Allen ... pragmatic and contex- tual information available in subsequent sentences, we provide a way to update our logical form to in- dicate this information. Our logical form representation for pronouns ... using logical form in a computational framework (from [Har88] and [Harg0]). 1. Compactness Constraint: Logical form should compactly represent ambiguity. 2. Modularity Constraint: Logical form...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... context. It produces a logical form z. There are two stages: • First, the sentence w j is parsed using the CCG lexicon to form an intermediate, context-independent logical form π. • Second, in ... complete logical form. Deletion A deletion operator accepts a logical form l and produces a new logical form l  . It con- structs l  by removing a single subexpression that appears in a coordination ... of the correct logical form z i,j depended on the words in the previous sentences. 3 Overview of Approach In general, the mapping from a sentence and a con- text to a logical form can be quite...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... for training IBM models (1-4). Morphological analy- sis (MA) is used in data preprocessing, by which the surface words of the raw data are converted into a new format. This new format can be lemmas, stems, parts-of-speech ... are same for both the lemmatization translation and non- lemmatization translation. We use the tool created by (Minnen et al., 2001) to complete the morphological analysis of English. We had ... Linguistics Boosting Statistical Machine Translation by Lemmatization and Linear Interpolation Ruiqiang Zhang 1,2 and Eiichiro Sumita 1,2 1 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 2 ATR...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... into logical forms embodying many of the ideas presented here. II THE NATURE OF LOGICAL FORM pieces of the logical form of the utterance that constitute referring expressions. Having logical ... language can be reflected in the logical form of an utterance, because some of those factors are dependent on information that the logical form itself provides. III FORM AND CONTENT IN KNOWLEDGE ... augmented by intensional operators. At a purely notational level, all well-formed expressions will be in "Cambridge Polish" form, as in the programming language LZSP; thus, the logical form...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/06/2014, 16:13

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20