transition metal sulfide catalysts for petroleum upgrading hydrodesulfurization reactions

... Hydrogenation reactions 1.2 Importance of hydrogenation of D-glucose 1.3 Catalysts for hydrogenation reactions 1.4 Carbon-supprted catalysts for hydrogenation reactions ... Heterogeneous transition metal catalysts for hydrogenation are usually employed in the states of metals, oxides, or sulfides that are either unsupported or supported The physical form of a catalyst ... types of catalysts, homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts The Chapter Introduction homogeneous catalysts are metal complexes that are soluble in the reaction medium Such metal complexes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... harmful metals The utilization of highly porous MOFs as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for liquid organic reactions should be examined and investigated CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEWS 1.1 Metal organic ... when these active sites are transition metals In the field of catalysis, several MOFs have been used as solid catalysts or catalyst supports for a variety of organic transformations such as Knoevenagel ... yields of the desired aromatic ketones Several solid acid catalysts have been investigated for the Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions, such as metal triflate loaded SBA-15, mesoporous superacid catalyst,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2014, 21:59

... December 2012 I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously The content ... in: H H Liu, G K Chuah, S Jaenicke*, N-alkylation of amines by alcohols over alumina-entrapped Ag catalysts using “borrowing hydrogen” methodology, J Catal 292.(2012) 130 Liu huihui Name Liu huihui...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 19:36

... wt % Ag/Al2 O3 catalysts for 15 (iii) H2-treated 10 wt % Ag/Al2O3 catalysts for 30 (iv) H2-treated 10 wt % Ag/Al2O3 catalysts for 60 (v) H2-treated 10 wt % Ag/Al2O3 catalysts for 120 xiv Figure ... supported metal catalysts with the smallest possible metal crystallites Academic interest into the catalytic activities of supported nanosized transition metals is flourishing Many transition metals ... Various metals and metal oxides including group 11 transition metals have been applied in oxidation reactions [21] Table 1-3 lists several oxidation reactions that have been catalysed by group 11 metals...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:14

... lithium ion batteries Meanwhile, the transition metal chalcogenide cathodes were replaced by transition metal oxides cathode which can provide higher voltage for lithium ion batteries Lithium ion ... properly doping with selected 4d transition metals In this research work, the 4d transition metal doping has been adopted as the major strategy to improve the high rate performances of spinel-structured ... electrochemical performances of the spinel-structured LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at high current rate by adopting 4d transition metal doping strategy As introduced in Chapter 1, 4d transition metal ions possess...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:52

... the formation of the new phase 1.2.2 Popular Silicides for CMOS Technology Self-aligned formation is the common feature of transition- metal silicides Table 1.1 lists some key properties of transition- metal ... Diffusion-Controlled Mechanism: For most of the metal/ silicon thin film reactions, the square of formed silicide layer thickness varies linearly with time The slope of the curve gives the rate of formation and ... provides a promising alternative for next-generation highperformance CMOS technology 28 1.2 Transition- Metal Silicides No matter how the CMOS technology moving forward, as the link step between...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:01

... silicide to Ni films for different as-deposited metal films Table 5.1 Optimized lattice parameter c (Å) and calculated interface formation energy ∆Eform is the difference in formation energy of ... interface metal atoms and their neighboring Si atoms for sevenfold-R and Z configurations Refer to Figure 5.6 for labels of the bonds Table 5.3 Calculated inter-atomic-plane distance (Å) for the ... Ni films under various thermal treatments, (a) uniform NiSi film formed at 500°C, (b) agglomerated NiSi film formed at 750°C, and (c) NiSi2 film formed at 850°C Figure 3.7 AFM images of Ni/Si samples...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 20:19

... TRANSITION METAL AND RARE EARTH DOPED STOICHIOMETRIC LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTALS FOR HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING SANJEEV SOLANKI (M.Tech) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR ... number of people: Dr Liang Xinan for constant discussions and also for crystal sample etching and provide the single domain data for as grown crystals My Yongsoon Tay for polishing crystal samples ... due to Mr Yuan Shaoning for his contribution in developing various experimental setups Finally, I would like to convey deep appreciation for my wife for her endless support for all these years She...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:13

... Various catalysts have been applied to these reactions, as Bronsted [135], or Lewis acid catalysts for activation of the acceptor [136] Besides, these reactions require basic condition for deprotonation ... MOF as a support for an active metal is a way that is well known as typical heterogeneous catalysts There were a few ways to introduce ions of 20 catalytically active transition metals into the ... candidates for heterogeneous catalysts [37] The main issue in the designing of MOFs based catalysts lies in how the coordinately saturated metals containing nodes of the framework can perform a catalytic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/05/2016, 15:58

... enhancement for Ag/N-TiO2 composite (photocurrent for Ag/N-TiO2 divided by that for N-TiO2) as a function of excitation wavelength (solid curve) Ag nanocube spectrum (difference spectrum for Ag/N-TiO2 ... hþ concentration for charge carriers formed in the bulk of TiO2 shows a half-order dependence on light intensity, whereas the surface concentration of hþ for charge carriers formed in the surface ... the Supporting Information for a more detailed discussion of alternative mechanisms) This energy-transfer mechanism is further supported by a comparison of the water splitting performance of composites...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2013, 21:27

... Refinery for 2002 Capacity and Emissions by Refinery for 2009 (Accounting for Growth and Effects of On-the-Books and On-the-Way Requirements) Recent Enforcement Settlements Under EPA’s Petroleum ... Inventory for FCCUs and FCUs Summary of MARAMA State Regulations for FCCUs/FCUs Summary of Other State Regulations for FCCUs/FCUs Summary of Permit Requirements for FCCUs/FCUs Summary of Recent Enforcement ... (SOTA) requirement for many types of modifications at refineries 1.2.4 Requirements for Enforcement Settlements EPA's national Petroleum Refinery Initiative is an integrated enforcement and compliance...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:20

... before the performance test performed is 4.3.3.3 During the performance test, the requirements of 4.3.3.3.1 through 4.3.3.3.3shall be met COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute Licensed by Information ... 2-4 2-2"Coordinate System for the Forces and Moments in Table 2.1A (2.1B): Vertical In-Line Pumps 2-5 2-34oordinate System for the Forces and Moments Table 2.1A (2.1B): ... 2-5 2-Moordinate System for the Forces and Momentsin Table 2.1A (2.1B): Horizontal Pumps withSide Suction and Side Discharge Nozzles 2-7 2-5"Coordinate System for the Forces and Moments in Table...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:32

... TM TM TM TM TM TM TM for for for for for for for for for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuels Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High ... Apparatus TM for Detection of Copper Corrosion for Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test TM for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products TM for Color by Lovibond Tintometer TM for Vapor ... Test Method for Benzene in Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:01

... series we will feature catalysts for oxidation and reduction reactions, hydrolysis protocols and catalytic systems for carbon±carbon bond formation inter alia Many of the catalysts featured will ... non-natural catalysts In other volumes of this work other catalysts for oxidation and reduction will be featured and, of equal importance, the use of preferred catalysts for carbon± carbon bond formation ... Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis Volume Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis Series Editors Stan M Roberts, Ivan V Kozhevnikov and Eric Derouane University of Liverpool, UK Forthcoming Volumes Catalysts...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:00

... D4057, Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, provides several procedures for manual sampling ASTM D4177, Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, ... Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4294 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum ... D4057, Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, provides several procedures for manual sampling ASTM D4177, Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products...

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2014, 13:20

... ordering for metals in higher oxidation states to be: ligand donor function < metal 3d < metal 4s < metal 4p On these grounds alone, metal orbital participation in any bonding molecular orbitals formed ... the driving force for the formation of the chelate in each case? 14 An Introduction to Transition- Metal Chemistry 1.8 Electroneutrality Principle It was recognized early on that the formality of ... Properties of Transition- Metal Compounds Finally, we summarize some of the properties of transition- metal compounds and attempt to distinguish those which are characteristic of a transition- metal complex...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 16:04

... system, transition- metal sulfides (MS = Ag2S, SnS, and CuS) combined with noble -metal Pt acted as dual co -catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution However, when transition- metal sulfides ... ZnIn2S4 and (B) CuS/ZnIn2S4 noble -metal sulfides (such as PdS) by transition- metal sulfides (such as CuS) as the co -catalysts would help lower the cost of photocatalysts for solar-hydrogen production ... benefits of dual co -catalysts on photocatalytic activity have been observed for CdS loaded with noble metals as reduction catalysts and noble -metal sulfides as oxidation catalysts [29,30] It...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... from 0.9 to 30 nm for the N-alkylation of anilines with benzyl alcohol for which silver shows high selectivity compared to other catalysts due to less stable metal- hydride bond formation [26] Several ... it shows better selectivity for oxidation of ammonia to form nitrogen at low temperatures [20] Silver nanoclusters on TiO enhance the reduction of bis (2-dipyridyl) disulfide to 2mercaptopyridine ... alumina for oxidant-free alcohol dehydrogenation to carbonyl compounds, and clusters less than nm show structure-sensitive reactions [19] It is reported that alumina is the best support for Ag,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... efficient electrocatalysts for fuel cell electrodes Historically nonmetallic catalysts have been studied for O2 reduction for almost 40 years, but recently some fuel oxidation catalysts for H2 , CH3 ... of adsorption of hydrogen They categorized metals into “d-metals” (transition and Ib metals in the periodic table) and “sp-metals” (metals after IIb) for which the HER reaction intermediates are ... Molecular Catalysts for Fuel Cell Reactions 1.2.1 Oxygen Reduction Catalysts 1.2.2 Fuel Oxidation Catalysts 1.3 Molecular Catalysts...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:37