... of all ofthe enzymes of the pathway (Fig. 4), it is clear that only about half of the enzymes ofthe tricarboxylic acid cycle, the major pathway of carbon metabolism in mitochondria of oxygen-respiringeukaryotes, ... investigate the evolution ofthe enzymes ofthe pyru vate dehydrogenase(PDH) complex, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle by examining t he individual phylogenies of the 21 s ... the t rees, andfurthermore it will lead to the mutation of conserved motifsotherwise common to the sequence family to which the gene belonged at the time of endosymbiosis. The dissolutionof...
... on the basis of our definition of RP as a fraction of the cell division cycle. The control coefficient of reactionstep x on RP is the percentage change in the fraction of the cell cycle length ... E/Cdk2:p27. For each of the intermediates, the ratio of its gradient in the correla-tion plot and the gradient of cyclin E/Cdk2:p27 wasclose to the value ofthe co-control coefficient of the intermediate ... constructed their kinetic model on the RP of the mammalian cell cycle using a yeast-like core model of the cyclin–Cdk interactions (emphasizing the deepsimilarities ofthe Cdk-regulatory systems of yeast...
... translocation ofthe internally sequence of PreS1 domain onto the viral surface [62, 63]. This supports the hypothesis that the low pH in the endosome may induce the conformation change of HBV surface ... a result ofthe variation of loading, because the expression ofthe thimet oligopeptidase gene in the same condition did not show any difference (Figure 2C). The over-expression ofthe SPIK ... particles, which is the majority of the two types [3, 4] The life cycleof HBV is believed to begin when the virus attaches to the host cell membrane via its envelope proteins. Then, the viral membrane...
... with the connected devices and the speakers are turned on. Gathering information is by far the most important step ofthe troubleshooting cycle. Step 3 Given the above scenario, what are the ... solution involves gathering correct information, knowledge ofthe computer components, and the ability to recognize symptoms. The problem has been isolated to a bad installation ofthe sound card. ... verifying the proper installation ofthe sound card in the PCI slot. If the problem still exists, check for system resource conflicts. Finally, update or reinstall the driver. Step 5 The first...
... sparse then the original field of contact forces. Thus, a side effect of the parametrisation is that the field of loop forces is a coarse-grained version ofthe field of contact forces.In terms ofthe ... in two or that they are negligible for very soft222 Thethermodynamicsof granular materials the grains, rather than the quadrons, were taken as the fundamental particles of the system.At present ... around individual voids. There are N ofthe former, one per grain, and M of the latter, giving altogether N + M dependent vectors. To determine the number216 Thethermodynamicsof granular materialsgg′ρgρgg′rgg′′g′g′′′Fig....
... presenting the pulse of Src activity in the plane of the inactive and active fractions, siand s1. If the duration ofthe stimulus exceeds the critical value, the trajectory in the (si, ... steady states ofthe Src cycle. When there are threeintersections, the steady state O1at the lower branch of the Z-shaped curve (i.e. low Src activity) and the stateO3at the upper branch ... 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBSparameters and, for clarity of exposition, we present the analysis ofthe Src cycle in terms of Eqns (6–8).Intrinsic regulatory properties of the...
... model ofthe urea cycle was previously written by one of us (P. W. Kuchel) [10], butaspects of channelling and the effects of subcompartmen-tation ofthecycle were not explored. Hence, the aims ... amounts of unlabelled urea cycle intermediates were added to the cells, in order toassess the influence of these added substrates on the rate of urea synthesis.ModelWritten in Mathematica, the ... that 44% of the exogenous arginine had been hydrolysed by the end of the incubations (after 60 s). Fig. 3 plots the predicted timedependence ofthe concentration of added arginine for the first...
... 24-month cycle, the fleet meets the goal only 76 percent ofthe time. e two-deployment cycles meet the goal more often: 88 percent of the time for the 36/42-month cycle and 99 percent ofthe time ... training and the sus-tainment of readiness, the FRP lengthened the carrier cycle from the notional 24 months ofthe IMP to 27 months. e FRP did not change the 6-month length of PIAs or the 10--month ... beginning with the end ofthe ship’s PSA. Fol-lowing the policy for the current 32-month cycle, the first DPIA for the 36/42- and the 42-month cycles are DPIA2s. e current 32-month cycle has one...
... strength ofthe relationship (i.e., how to proxyfor the value of information obtained through the relationship). Most ofthe studies specified the duration of the relationship as the measure of its ... The results of some ofthe studies also suggested that inaddition to duration, the strength ofthe relationship may also depend upon 1) whether the loan is drawnunder a line of credit, 2) the ... breadth ofthe relationship (whether it extends to deposits and other services),3) the size ofthe borrowing firm and its outside finance options, 4) the structure ofthe banking industry, and5) the...
... Mathe-matical Biosciences 198, 1–13.374.3 Sensitivity analyses and additional results4.3.1 The effect ofthe timing ofthe birth in the year and the business cycle around the birth year The ... on the correlation ρ between the unobserved determinants,as the latter is the only source of correlation ofthe former. Secondly, the presence of a within-twin pair correlation between the ... it into the constant term of βx. Asa result, the joint distribution of V1, V2has two parameters: the variance σ2 of Viand the correlation ρ of V1and V2. The latter equals the fraction...
... fact, w eÓ FEBS 2002 The fate of hCDC6p during the HeLa cycle (Eur. J. Biochem. 269) 1041Synthesis and turn-over ofthe replicative Cdc6 proteinduring the HeLa cell cycle Esther Biermann, Martina ... chromatin-bound h Cdc6p. The presence of hCdc6p in these preparations was determined byimmunoprecipitation.Rates of hCdc6p synthesisTo investigate w hether the synthesis of hCdc6p wasrestricted ... for 2 h at the beginning (0–2 h afterthymidine-block) and in the middle of S phase (4–6 h), aswell as at the e nd of mitosis and during the early G1 phase(12–14 h) ofthe next cycle (Fig....
... wrapping.__________________________________________________________________________________________•More than half the world's exports of paper come from Canada (over a fifth of the total), Finland, Sweden and the US. The US is also a major importer. The main Northern exporters of pulp are ... resource consumption. These criticisms gained official recognition in the UK,with criticism of high targets for recycled paper made by a Select Committee ofthe House of Lords180. 26• Pulp ... Recovering the print-run ofthe Sunday edition ofthe New York Times would leave some 75,000trees standing. Some 15 million tonnes of wood are thrown away every year worldwide in the form of disposal...
... accounting for the life cycleof coal Epstein et al.emissions from coal mines, on the order of 3% of the stack emissions.110There a re also additional GHGemissions from the other uses of coal, ... measure ofthe costs of climate change is the rising costs of extreme weather events, thoughthese are also a function of and real estate and in-surance values. Overall, the costs of weather-relateddisasters ... estimates of the social cost of carbon the valuation of the damages due to emissions of one metric ton of car-bon, of $30/ton of CO2equivalent (CO2e),20withlow and high estimates of $10/ton...
... some ofthe products investigated. Most ofthe data used is from the end of the 1990s, with 2000 as the reference year. New policy initiatives cannot therefore be initiated on the results of ... agencies. These tables, in the form of matrices, describe production activities in terms ofthe purchases of products12 of each industrial sector from all other sectors. They cover the entire ... and how waste is then treated in the life cycle modeling ofthe other product groupings.21Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO)• Chapter 4 forms the first main pillar ofthe study: it makes...
... cleaving potential of the remaining molecules. The impact of self-inactivation of activated BLM on thethermodynamicsof DNA binding ismore complex. As the structural identities ofthe BLMdegradation ... ð20Þ Thermodynamics and kinetics ofthe cleavage of DNA catalyzed by BLM-A5From the spectroscopic results, the ratio ofthe absorbanceat 260 nm to that at 280 nm for purified DNA used in the present ... sets of experimental data (x andt) and using the MATHSOFT MATHCADsoftware (version2001). The value of s, the lifetime of self-inactivation, wascalculated using the rate constant k1.A thermodynamic...