the regulation of telomerase by alternative splicing of tert

... within the repeats represent the spacer The lowercase letters on the flank of the repeats represent the flanking sequences around the p53RE (B) Regulation of gene expression was measured by real-time ... whether a p53 response could accelerate removal of the EGFR from the plasma membrane In H460 cells, the localization of the EGFR was determined by fluorescent immunostaining In the absence of ... and each experiment was repeated The relative induction ⁄ repression level was calculated by the ratio of the value of the gene to that of b-actin and then to the controls ChIP assay ChIP assays...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... schematic representation of the three branches leading to the synthesis of the three anthocyanin classes and the genes encoding the enzymes relevant to the present study Alternative splicing is a common ... function of the wild type host-gene counterparts leading to secondary phenotypes Whether any of the novel exon combinations derived from alternative splicing of the mobile exons of the Tgm-Express1 ... aa of the UP intron plus the UP and CDC2 Exons E (105 aa) with 34 aa of the FPK/MDH Intron plus 71 aa of the FPK Exon; F (105 aa) had 19 aa of FPK Intron, 77 aa of FPK Exon and aa of MDH Exon The...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... efficiently inhibited by HIC and is not the result of a general block of nuclear import pathways or obstruction of the NPC To further dissect the mechanisms underlying HIC inhibition of Rev nuclear ... unaffected by HIC The molecular recognition of NLSs by import receptors in the cytoplasm determines their nuclear import rate Page of 13 [33,34] Based on the evidence herein, we propose that the HIC ... cellular cofactor for the HIV-1 regulatory protein Rev We propose that the intermolecular masking of Rev NLS by HIC by which HIC control of Rev nuclear import can contribute to the spatial control of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... and dimerization of the receptor Indeed, dimerization is essential for the activity of PPARs, as it is for most of the other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily They heterodimerize ... [32,33] A number of studies point to the importance of the sequences flanking the PPREs for maintaining the optimal conformation of the PPAR-RXR heterodimers on the PPREs [34,35] These flanking ... hepatocytes In support of the role of TNFα as a key mediator in the stimulation of hepatocellular proliferation, recent findings suggest that down -regulation of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin (LF)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... sufficient to inspect the alternative exons in the context of the splice form that includes these exons The functional difference of the examples shown here can only be found if the complete shorter ... on the protein sequence The disruption of the unit results in a loss of function The shorter splice form encodes a protein that puts together both parts of the unit which results in a gain of ... aberrant splicing [25,26] Furthermore, a splice form that is only represented by a single EST may be a rare error by the spliceosome Therefore, we determined the number and tissue source of the ESTs...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... RNAi-based screen they developed to explore the role of all human kinases (also called the kinome) in the regulation of clathrin-dependent and caveolae-dependent endocytic pathways The authors developed ... of the metabolic state of the cell on trafficking, the fact that most of the metabolic kinases showed specificity for only one endocytic pathway or the other suggests otherwise In addition, several ... infection, indicating the high sensitivity of the assay used for the screen Nearly a quarter of all of the kinases found to be regulators of endocytosis in the screen are currently poorly characterized...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:20

... on its rate of production relative to its rate of degradation The quantity of a protein produced in the cell is affected by the expression level of its mRNA transcript The levels of gene expression ... in the proteome The stability index versus the percentage bins of disordered residues are shown (d) The proportion of protein coding transcripts targeted by miRNA (y-axis) as the percentage of ... suggests that one of the ways in which the cell keeps the level of highly disordered proteins under control is to keep the expression levels of transcripts encoding them low A recent study by Paliy and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... to the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways This group consists mainly of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) The second group of PRRs forms the mechanical arm of innate immunity is made up by the ... linked The activation of innate immunity will then provide adaptive immunity with information regarding the nature of pathogenic challenge encountered by the host This cannot be done by the T ... presentation Figure 1.6 DC Maturation The left side of the diagram shows the factors regulating DC maturation while the right side of the diagrams summarizes the properties of each maturation stage (Banchereau...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 11:59

... promoters, mutation of the CHR leads to a more pronounced deregulation than the alteration of the CDE [40] Another gene tested for its cell cycle regulation is the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein ... Moreover, orientation of the CDE ⁄ CHR in the general context of a promoter appears to be relevant because inversion of the site in the human Cdc25C promoter resulted in a deregulation of cell cycle-dependent ... turns of the DNA double helix yields binding of the two or three NF-Y complexes on the same side of the DNA Conservation of spacing is required for optimal promoter activity because changing the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target gene expression, have ... treatment of the chick face with RA, and this is accompanied by an increase in apoptosis [73] The authors of this study ascribe the regulation of outgrowth of limb buds and patterning of the digits ... growth and the development of face and limbs [17–19] Donner et al tried to link the expression of AP-2a in these tissues to upstream signaling pathways They assessed the organization of a cis-regulatory...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... into the potential biologically relevant role of miR-27 in the regulation of adipose tissue functions in vivo, we examined the expression of miR-27 in the genetically obese ob ⁄ ob mice The 2352 ... differentiation Taken together, these results illustrate a critical and specific role of miR-27 in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation miR-27 prevents the induction of PPARc and C ⁄ EBPa ... delineate the mechanisms by which miR-27 inhibits adipogenic differentiation, we investigated the 2350 effect of miR-27 on the expression of the well-defined key transcription factors of adipogenic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... signals released by different apoptotic stimuli Thus, the apoptotic volume decrease may further disarrange the balance between survival and death signals, thereby promoting execution of the apoptotic ... inside the hepatocyte to the plasma membrane [39], which depends on a ROS-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor, the association of CD95 with the EGF-receptor, ... insulin-induced hepatocyte swelling is registrated by the integrin system, leading to a Src-dependent activation of the p38-type MAPK and thereby inhibition of 5800 autophagic proteolysis [14] Thus, integrin-dependent...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... auto-phosphorylation by modulating the kinase activity of the enzyme To determine the roles of the SH3 and ⁄ or SH2 domains in Src regulation of NMDAR phosphoryla- tion, the protein fragment ... process of NR2A C-tail proteins by active n-Src and reduced the n-Src activity on NMDARs, with the greater effect produced by the dysfunction of the SH2 domain (Fig 4) To determine whether the reduced ... well known that the activity of SFKs is tightly regulated by the reversible phosphorylation of Y527 in chicken c-Src in vivo The phosphorylation of Y527 may decrease the activity of SFKs, with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20

... polymerases, and the solution of the crystal structure of Pol II shows that these two subunits are located close to each other at the surface of the polymerase [29,124] and participate in the transcription ... fibers The interaction of STARS with ABLIM-2 and -3 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and further supported by the colocalization of STARS and ABLIM-2, as detected by immunofluorescence [58] The ... [86,91] There is evidence that interaction between the FXXLF (X = any amino acid) motif of the TAD and the LBD reduces coactivator recruitment and binding of the LXXLL motif of TIF2 [92] Alternatively,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... establish the importance of GSK3 in the acute regulation of glucose transport in terms of its regulatory control of GS in muscle and fat cells we have investigated the effects of Li and the anilinomaleimide, ... 1B shows that whilst preadipocytes express both GSK3 isoforms, the abundance of the b isoform declines by  85%, whereas that of the a isoform is virtually undetectable in differentiated adipocytes ... control by allosteric regulators the activation status of GSK3 is likely to be a key determinant of GS activity Whilst there is considerable evidence implicating GSK3 in the regulation of glycogen...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... to the development of multiple diseases Fibrosis is characterized by the excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which is the end result of an imbalance of metabolism of the ... and the development of diabetic nephropathy through the down -regulation of PTEN and the subsequent activation of Akt (Fig 1) [43] Increased expression of miR-377 is also thought to regulate the ... failure of a number 2016 of organs Although current treatments typically target the inflammatory response, the mechanism of fibrosis is poorly understood and there are few effective therapies For these...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... Reversibility of the effects of calcium-induced contraction of cardiomyocytes on the kinetics of regulation of mitochondrial respiration by exogenous ADP The kinetics of respiratory regulation was ... alteration of the regular arrangement of mitochondria in the cells, in the changes in the kinetics of regulation of mitochondrial respiration by exogenous ADP and ATP, and in the direct channelling of ... in the regulation of respiration of permeabilized bers with intact sarcomeres is related to the changes induced by their contraction These results show also that the direct effects of changes of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... (right) images of the liver of a control mouse acquired using the FLASH sequence (TR ¼ 10 ms, TE ¼ ms) The rectangles indicate the location of the volume of interest, % 400 lL (8.5 · · mm3) The 13Clabeled ... net synthesis of glycogen or the combination of both The rates of total glycogen synthesis and 13C label incorporation into glycogen (Fig 5) suggest that the overall rate of glycogen synthesis ... incorporation was observed not only into the C1 of glycogen but also the C6, which can only occur by label scrambling at the level of the trioses In addition, the signals of glycogen C2–C5 were detected,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... shown that the enzymatic activity of TGase was inhibited by the presence of GTP or ATP, as in the case of PpTGase [51] These results suggest that the mechanism by which nucleotides inhibit the enzymatic ... to the plasma membrane, thereby being involved in the formation of the corneum [47] Additional amino-terminal residues of TGase include the sequences that are post-translationally Fig Effects of ... Although the overall identity with the mammalian TGase primary sequence is low in the deduced sequence of the Physarum TGase, the middle region of the sequence is significantly conserved The sequences...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... WIDESPREAD SCHOLARLY neglect of the phenomenon of the use of standards in modern market regulation seems all the more striking in the light of the preoccupation of modern theorising in sociology, ... participation of officials in the elaboration and approval of the standard, or because of the threat of public intervention in case the standards were judged to be insufficient for the protection of health ... 3.5 The State of the Art Defence: the European Community 3.6 The State of the Art Defence: the United States 3.6.1 Between Custom and the Frontiers of Science 3.6.2 Standards Bodies and the Constitution...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23