... Subjects ofInternational Humanitarian Law , in I. Makarczyk (ed.), Theory of
International Law at the Threshold ofthe 21st Century, Essays in Honour of Krysztof Skubszewski, The Hague:
Kluwer Law ... Affirmation ofthe Principles ofInternationalLaw Recognised by
the Charter ofthe Nürnberg Tribunal, 11 December 1946.
62 See A. Cassese, ‘Affirmation ofthe Principles ofInternationalLaw Recognized ... Subjects ofthe
Law of Nations, Professor Lauterpacht noted the following about the new conceptof ‘crimes
against humanity’:
Thus upon analysis, the enactment of crimes against humanity in an international...
... FBA
Whewell Professor ofInternational Law, Faculty of Law, and
Director, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law,
University of Cambridge
John S. Bell FBA
Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... to the history of
international law, illuminating the imperial character ofthe discipline
and its enduring significance for peoples ofthe Third World.
antony anghie is Professor ofLaw at the ... sovereign rather
than the Pope.
Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refuting
another justification for Spanish conquest ofthe Indies: the argument
that the Emperor is lord of the...
... 213.
9
The politics ofinternationallaw
international law. The end ofthe Cold War, and the attendant talk of
a ‘new world order’, the triumph of liberalism, and the regulatory im-
peratives of ... divided the United States from the large majority of
other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in partic-
ular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the
questions ... that leave them ill-equipped to comprehend issues as funda-
mental as the expanding corpus ofinternational law, the obligatory force
of that law, the way in which the weak can employ thelaw as...
... jurisprudence of these tribunals. The
jurisprudence of other tribunals is not, however, ignored. Thelaw of
Nuremberg and Tokyo features prominently, and thelaw and structures of
the other international ... Article 7(1) ofthe ICTY Statute; Article 29 oftheLaw on the Establishment of the
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the
Period of Democratic ... of assistance to the growing body of national
lawyers engaged in the practice ofinternationalcriminallaw before domestic
courts. As the Rome Statute oftheInternationalCriminal Court gives...
... January 1976
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICJ Reports Reports oftheInternational Court of
Justice
ICLQ International and Comparative Law
Quarterly
ICRC International Committee ofthe Red
Cross
ICRC ... Convention
for the Amelioration ofthe Condition
of the Wounded and Sick in Armed
Forces in the Field: Commentary
(ICRC, Geneva, 1952)
table ofconventions xlvii
1993
Convention on the Prohibition ofthe ... VII 59–60, 104, 168–78
Charter oftheInternational Military Tribunal, Annex to the Agreement
for the Prosecution and Punishment ofthe Major War Criminals of
the European Axis (London Agreement),...
... oflaw such as criminal law, contract law, and thelawof torts, or spe-
cific types of law, such as municipal state law, judge-made law, and customary
law.
2
The philosophy ofinternationallaw ... of customary law. In the context
of the discussion ofthe processes ofinternational law- making and hence of the
sources or identification of its norms, the question ofthe kind of norms created
27
See ... THE PHILOSOPHY
OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
SECTION I HISTORY OFTHE PHILOSOPHY
OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
1 State of Nature versus Commercial Sociability as the Basis of
International Law: Reflections on the...
... pairs
The results refer to the estimation of system (14) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix being the unity matrix. The estimated coefficients ofthe system of
equations ... the
domestic country and the US for bonds. Standard errors are reported in parenthesis. J-Stat denotes the p-value ofthe J-
statistic to test the null hypothesis that the overidentifying restrictions ...
The US SDF and estimated expected excess returns
The results refer to the estimation of system (16) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix
being the unity matrix. The...
... against themselves. Between the time of its ratification and the onset
of the project of legibility, there was a dr
ˆ
ole de guerre concerning the meaning
of the self-incrimination provision ofthe ... narratives ofthe path of constitutional development spotlight
both the achievement ofthe collective rights of labor in the 1930s and, at the
same time, the launching of an upward progression toward the ... outsiders to the role of shaping
legal doctrine, they began their careers as critics of court power. Once they
took hold ofthe reins of state and began to staff the courts themselves, how-
ever, the...
... apartheid,
for instance, require states to criminalize these
o enses as part of their domestic criminal law.
Despite these advances in codi cation, the twentieth century saw countless
international ... detailing the nancial constraints impeding the prosecution
of international crimes. e following sections—which examine the budgetary
di culties ofthe ad hoc tribunals, the ICC, the hybrid international- domestic ... accused ofinternational
crimes in the former Yugoslavia. e years that had elapsed between the cre-
ation ofthe World War II tribunals and theInternationalCriminal Tribunal for
the former...
... progressive development ofinternationallaw in
this field,
Appreciative ofthe work carried out by theInternationalLaw Commission on thelawofthe
non-navigational uses ofinternational watercourses, ... Convention on theLawofthe Non-navigational Uses ofInternational Watercourses
1
New York, 21 May 1997
2
The Parties to the present Convention,
Conscious ofthe importance ofinternational ... under the protection, ofthe same
sovereign State, whether or not these territories are individually Members ofthe League of
Nations.
10
1.1.2.2 The Statute
Article 1
In the application of the...
... R,islower;
— the probability of success ofthe risky project, π,ishigher;
— the efficiency of monitoring, P, is higher and the cost of monitoring, C,islower;
— the cost of default, D, and the cost of loan ... numer-
ically. The second and third terms represent the sum ofthethe marginal pdf and the conditional
cdf.
Efficiency can be further improved if we take into account the panel structure ofthe data ... J
T
is the T ×T matrix of ones, the AR(1) coefficient |ρ| < 1 and the variance ofthe random
effect 0 ≤ σ
2
a
< 1.
38
This parameterization allows for random effects and the AR(1) structure of
the...
...
evaluate the state of achievement of policy goals ofthe government sector only on the basis of financial data, the
member SAIs must check whether the policies have led to the achievement of their ... convergence of such standards, and reviews past
activities. (The views expressed in this paper are the personal views ofthe author and do not reflect the official view of
the Board of Audit of Japan.)
... Code of
Ethics, because the SAI’s independence from the audited entities, the transparency ofthe SAI’s organization and
management, and the ethical views ofthe staff ofthe SAI addressed by those...
... is International Cri minal Law? 3
1.1 Internationalcriminallaw 3
1.2 Other concepts ofinternationalcriminallaw 5
1.3 Sources ofinternationalcriminallaw 9
1.4 Internationalcriminallaw ... Internationalcriminallaw and other areas oflaw 13
1.5 A body ofcriminallaw 16
2. The Objectives ofInternationalCriminalLaw 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 The aims ofinternationalcriminal justice 23
2.3 ... n the investigation stage ofthe p roceedings in the
appeal ofthe OPCD against the decisionof the Pre-Trial Chamber Iof 3.12.2007 and in theappeals of
the O PCD and the Prosecutor against the...