structure of computer hardware and software

... CHAPTER 1: Computer Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Typical Computer ... ground rules of communication between computers, I/O devices, and many software programs  Examples  HTTP: between Web servers and Web browsers  TCP/IP: between computers on the Internet and local ... Interface hardware   Handles communication between the computer and the communication channel Modem or network interface card (NIC)  Software  Network protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, ATAPI Chapter Computer

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Why Binary?  Early computer design was ... Mark I and ENIAC Simplified computer design Used for both instructions and data Natural relationship between on/off switches and calculation using Boolean logic Chapter Number Systems On Off True ... system: system of positional notation based on powers of 10 Binary system: system of positional notation based powers of Octal system: system of positional notation based on powers of Hexadecimal

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Data Formats  Computers  Process and store all forms of ... Reflects the  Complexity of input source  Type of processing required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book  Compactness (storage and transmission) More ... drawings Paint software Drawing software Larger storage requirements Higher computational requirements Enlarging images produces jagged Objects scale smoothly edges Resolution of output limited

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Data Formats  Computers  Process and store all forms of ... Reflects the  Complexity of input source  Type of processing required  Trade-offs  Accuracy and resolution  Simple photo vs painting in an art book  Compactness (storage and transmission) More ... layout, bitmap creation, image-editing, painting and animation software  Autodesk AutoCAD: for architects, engineers, drafters, and design-related professionals  W3C SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Representing Integer Data The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Number Representation ... 1’s and 0’s and approximate the value Chapter Representing Integer Data 4-31 Overflow and Carry Conditions  Carry flag: set when the result of an addition or subtraction exceeds fixed number of ... +0 (0000 0000) and -0 (1000 0000) Chapter Representing Integer Data 4-9 Difficult Calculation Algorithms  Sign -and- magnitude algorithms complex and difficult to implement in hardware  Must

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Floating Point Numbers  Real numbers  Used in computer ... Sign of the exponent (“+” in 105) Magnitude of the exponent (5)  Plus Base of the exponent (10) Location of decimal point (or other base) radix point Chapter Floating Point Numbers 5-3 Summary of ... function StandardizeNumber } // end ConverToFloat Chapter Floating Point Numbers 5-14 Floating Point Calculations  Addition and subtraction  Exponent and mantissa treated separately  Exponents of

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Little Man Computer The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 The Little Man Computer ... Operation code  Arbitrary mnemonic  Operand  Object to be manipulated   Data or Address of data Address Chapter Little Man Computer Content Op code Operand 6-4 Magic!  Load program into memory ... Output Machine Control 000 STOP (coffee break) COB Chapter Little Man Computer 6-7 Input/Output  Move data between calculator and in/out baskets Content Op Code Operand (address) IN (input) 01 OUT

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... CHAPTER 7: The CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 CPU: Major ... Chapter CPU and Memory Source OPERAND Result OPERAND 7-31 Instruction Format  Machine-specific template that specifies  Length of the op code  Number of operands  Length of operands Simple ... Status of CPU and currently executing program  Flags (one bit Boolean variable) to track condition like arithmetic carry and overflow, power failure, internal computer error Chapter CPU and Memory

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... CPU and Memory: Design, Implementation, and Enhancement The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and ... infrequently used by programmers and compilers  Memory references, loads and stores, are slow and account for a significant fraction of all instructions  Procedure and function calls are a major ... Chapter 8: CPU and Memory: 8-36 Hardware Implementation  Hardware – operations are implemented by logic gates  Advantages  Speed  RISC designs are simple and typically implemented in hardware Chapter

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Chapter 9: Input/Output The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Basic Model  Processing ... addressed to it and accepts commands from the CPU  Provides a buffer where the data from memory can be held until it can be transferred to the disk  Provides the necessary registers and controls ... memory subsystem and processor  Local I/O bus  high-speed bus used to connect performance critical peripherals to memory and processor  Examples: PCI, VESA Local Bus  Standard I/O bus  connects

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... Chapter 10 Computer Peripherals The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Peripherals ... access time and data transfer rate  Access time: average time it takes a computer to locate data and read it  millisecond = one-thousandth of a second  Data transfer rate: amount of data that ...  Expanded storage  Secondary storage  Data and programs must be copied to primary memory for CPU access  Permanence of data  Direct access storage devices (DASDs)  Online storage  Offline

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:23

... 11 Modern Computer Systems, Clusters, and Networks The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons ... CPU cycles of personal computers connected to a network Chapter 11: Modern 11-38 Parallel Computers Massively parallel architectures Hundreds to millions of CPUs CPUs have small amounts of local ... speed, buses and circuits  Wider instruction and data paths  Faster disk access  More and faster memory Chapter 11: Modern 11-5 Multiprocessing  Reasons  Increase the processing power of a system

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Three System Examples The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Three System Examples ... 12-28 Architectural Evolution of 360/370/390/ zSeries Computers Chapter 12 12-29 The CPU  Architecture is compatible for every model of the zSeries  24-bit, 31-bit, and 64-bit addressing  16 ... permits access to one of fifteen 16EByte spaces  Present and previous Program Status Word (PSW) formats are supported  64-bit partitioned, segmented, and paged virtual storage and cache memory Chapter

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Overview The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Bare Bones Computer System  Does not ... Secondary Storage and Security  Secondary storage management  Optimizes completion of I/O tasks for efficient disk usage  Combination of hardware and software  Security and protection services ... Interface and Command Execution Services  Types of user interfaces  CLI - Command Line Interface  GUI - Graphical User Interface  Menu environment  Shell  User interface and command processor

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Chapter 14 The User View of Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 User ... Command Line Interface Batch System Commands Menu-Driven Interfaces GUI - Graphical User Interface Chapter 14 14-4 Command Line Interface  command … …  Operands  keyword (switches) and/ or ... flexible and powerful  Faster for experienced users  Can combine commands Chapter 14 14-5 Command Line Interfaces Chapter 14 14-6 Command Languages  Provide a mechanism to combine sequences of commands

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Internal Operating System The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 OS Internals – Part I  ... of memory by using far less expensive hard disk space  Provides for process separation  Demand paging  Pages brought into memory as needed  Page table  Keeps track of what is in memory and ... 15.1-19 Frames and Pages Program Memory Unit Page Frame Address Logical Physical Size to 4KB to 4KB Amount # of bits in Installed memory instruction word Chapter 15 15.1-20 Frames and Pages Binary

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Network Basics  Communication paths  Protocol standards ... Receiving computer can process an entire block of data instead of a character or byte at a time  Simplifies synchronization of the sending and receiving systems by providing clear start and stop ...  Collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the systems as a single computer  Client-Server system  Control is centralized in the server computer  Client computers have

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Introduction to Files  Files  Collection of data  ... directory structures and space allocation for each I/O device  Permits manipulation of data within a file  Requests data transfers from I/O device drivers  File security and protection of file ... filenames and deeper subdirectory levels  Files can be stored non-contiguously Chapter 16 File 16-29 Directory Structure  Provides a means of organization so that files can be located easily and

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... 17 Programming Tools The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons  2003 Programming Tools Overview ... language and nonprocedural statements  Object-oriented Languages  Combination of objects and procedures Chapter 17 17-6 Assembly Language  When to use     When speed or size of program ... critical Hybrid approach Hardware Drivers Can use specialized instructions  Disadvantages  Inherently machine specific  Architectures may become obsolete  Lack of programming structure Chapter 17

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24

... of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Three Operating Systems  Microsoft Windows 2000/XP  UNIX and ... network, and Internet use  Support for new capabilities  Multimedia, plug -and- play hardware, electrical power conservation  Manageable and secure file system with built-in recoverability options and ... operation and management  Network services  Time-sharing support  System resource logging, auditing and accounting  Error detection, recovery, and logging  Reassignment of tasks and data

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:24