The architecture of computer hardware and systems software an information technology approach ch18

Chapter 18 Three Operating Systems The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2003 Three Operating Systems  Microsoft Windows 2000/XP  UNIX and Linux  IBM zSeries z/OS Chapter 18 18-2 Microsoft Windows 2000/XP      Design Goals Operating System Features User Environment Desktop Components Windows 2000/XP Architecture  Overview  System Block Diagram  Logical Memory Map Chapter 18 18-3 Design Goals  Extensibility  Object-based modular design  Portability  Written in C and C++ to facilitate porting to other CPUs  Reliability  Kernel architecture design to protect from internal errors and buggy application programs  Downward compatibility  Compatible with earlier versions of Windows and DOS  Scalability and Performance  Supports symmetric multiprocessing Chapter 18 18-4 Operating System Features  Single user 32-bit or 64-bit, pre-emptive multi-tasking operating system  Powerful GUI that behaves consistently for local, network, and Internet use  Support for new capabilities  Multimedia, plug-and-play hardware, electrical power conservation  Manageable and secure file system with built-in recoverability options and is downwardly compatible  API that provides a wide range of services to simplify application development and ensure consistency  Built-in networking and a new distributed file system  Network server capabilities Chapter 18 18-5 User Environment  Simple for novice, powerful for advanced user  Tools, operations and applications that use the API behave in a consistent manner  Extensive context-sensitive help  User’s system parameters are modifiable  Applications and users have access to the same services and interface features  Tools and operations perform reasonably and in an intuitive manner Chapter 18 18-6 Desktop Components Chapter 18 18-7 Windows 2000/XP Architecture  Modified microkernel-based  User mode  Environmental subsystems  Expose OS services to the user through an API  System support processes  Logon and user session management  Server processes  Protected (kernel) mode  Hardware abstraction layer  Kernel  Executive layer Chapter 18 18-8 Executive Layer  Object manager  Provides standardized interface for objects     Process manager Virtual memory manager I/O manager Security reference monitor  All protected objects are monitored  Enforces validation procedures and audits  Local Procedure Call (LPC)  Control of all service requests and interprocess activities  Windowing and Graphics System  Manages Windows graphics  Provides Windows screen interface tools Chapter 18 18-9 Overview of Windows 2000 Chapter 18 18-10 Operating System Features  Preemptive multitasking with multiuser capability, automatic scheduling, and background execution  User shells that provide an interactive interface, commands, and programming tools  Interactive process creation and management  Hierarchical, tree-based file system  Kernel  Network administration tools Chapter 18 18-16 User Environment  Login  User name and password  Start-up file for user environment customizations  System, group, and user protections are set  Interface shells  Bourne shell, C shell, and Korn shell are the most commonly used  Command line prompt  X-Windows interface  Logins to remote UNIX computers Chapter 18 18-17 General Organization of a UNIX System Chapter 18 18-18 Kernel Operations  Virtual storage and memory management  Process management  File management  I/O management  Networking and communication Chapter 18 18-19 Virtual Address Space for a Process Chapter 18 18-20 IBM zSeries z/OS      Design Goals Operating System Services User Environment User Interfaces MVS Organization  Virtual Memory Map for a Task  Data Management Chapter 18 18-21 Design Goals  Maximize system performance and availability  Maximize amount of processing by providing support for execution of batch programs  Minimize operator support effort  Reliability  Security Chapter 18 18-22 Virtual File System vs Socket Layered Structure Chapter 18 18-23 Operating System Services  Sophisticated resource allocation services and workload management  Data set management services  Job and task management  Virtual storage operation and management  Network services  Time-sharing support  System resource logging, auditing and accounting  Error detection, recovery, and logging  Reassignment of tasks and data to other resources in the event of an error or failure  System support programs and facilities  Security services  Large-scale cluster support Chapter 18 18-24 User Environment  BCP, Base Control Program  JCL, Job Control Language  TSO, Time Sharing Option  Used for program development and job preparation  JES, Job Entry Subsystem  Job submissions  ISPF, Interactive System Productivity Facility  Menu-driven facility that serves as an extension to TSO  CICS, Customer Information Control System  Application enabler that provides services to application programs that have been developed to work with it  UNIX Chapter 18 18-25 User Interfaces Chapter 18 18-26 MVS Organization Chapter 18 18-27 Virtual Memory Map for a Task Chapter 18 18-28 Data Management  Data sets     z/OS files Sequential, random, or indexed sequential access Fixed or variable size Partitioned   Directory Members - group of independent, related records  Catalogs     z/OS directories Master catalog for the system VTOC – catalog for a DASD (disk) device User catalog has an indexed entry in the master catalog Chapter 18 18-29 Steps in Location of a Data Set Chapter 18 18-30 ... logging, auditing and accounting  Error detection, recovery, and logging  Reassignment of tasks and data to other resources in the event of an error or failure  System support programs and facilities... access to the same services and interface features  Tools and operations perform reasonably and in an intuitive manner Chapter 18 18-6 Desktop Components Chapter 18 18-7 Windows 2000/XP Architecture. .. automatic scheduling, and background execution  User shells that provide an interactive interface, commands, and programming tools  Interactive process creation and management  Hierarchical,