root growth methods of measurement

... additional measurement of effective porosity Methods for measurement of mass flow of air, expressed commonly as air permeability, have been less extensively developed than methods for measurement of diffusion ... solutions of it for different conditions were presented by Kirkham and Powers (1972) Techniques for measurement of diffusion in the gaseous state are discussed in Sec IV.B Methods of measurement of ... DIRECT MEASUREMENT A Sampling The choice of soil sample size, the degree of replication, and the extent of pretreatment depend on the objective of the experiment and will guide the choice of measurement...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... removal rate, which is the sum of the flow of X out of the box (Fout), chemical loss of X (L), and deposition of X (D) (all in kg/sec): [68] The atmospheric lifetime of a species therefore measures ... etc.) There is often a conflict between transparency and availability of data  The measurement protocol itself This may be via direct measurement or estimation; the four main methods are the ... represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the concentrations of most of the greenhouse...

Ngày tải lên: 09/06/2016, 14:47

... 2007 Global production of paper and paperboard, 2007 Global production of roundwood, 2007 Types of planted forests, 2005 Uses of planted forests 10 Growth in global stocks of stored carbon (estimated ... atmosphere) of approximately 50 kg of CO2 equivalent per tonne of paper and 700 kg of CO2 equivalent per tonne of wood products Additional storage is accomplished in anaerobic landfills 14 Impact of ... displacement factors ranged from a low of -2.3 to a high of 15.0 [tonnes of carbon of emission reduction per tonne of carbon in wood product], with most lying in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 The average displacement...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... GWP) By definition, the GWP of 1kilogram (kg) of CO2 is CH4 has a GWP of 21, which means that kg of CH4 has the same heat-trapping potential as 21 kg of CO2 N2O has a GWP of 310 PFCs are the most ... references to tonnage of waste in this report are in short tons All references to tons of carbon or CO2 equivalent are in metric tons (i.e., MTCE per short ton of material) EPA Office of Solid Waste, ... using two sets of data: (1) the amount of each type of fuel consumed per ton of the material, and (2) the “carbon coefficient” for each fuel (a factor that translates the energy value of fuel combusted...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... and detrainment of air and the evaporation of precipitation Precipitation is calculated in terms of the water and ice content of the cloud; cooling of the atmosphere by evaporation of precipitation ... to study the effects of nearly doubling the present level of carbon dioxide to 600 ppmv A general description of the physical basis, structure and operation of the model, of its simulations and ... is also driven, in part, by fluxes of radiant heat, momentum, and of fresh water derived from precipitation, river run-off and melting ice, but measurements of all these are difficult and very...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... chamber headspace The surface emission flow rate of off-gas is calculated from the dilution rate of the tracer gas The first report of measurement of N2O emission from the wastewater treatment plant ... concentrations monitored at the air duct of the odor control system of the South Work of the UPWRP 76 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Nitrogen transformation pathways of AOB, NOB and denitrifying bacteria ... 1.4.1 Introduction of Singapore Wastewater Treatment Industry The rapid growth of Singapore in the past few decades has led to an expansion of used water network The development of modern wastewater...

Ngày tải lên: 27/11/2015, 12:12

... eradication of planktonic residues but are not effective in eliminating micro-clusters disrupted from biofilms that may be the cause of recurrence after an indefinite period of time Fragments of biofilms ... populations are often missed by conventional culture The problem of diagnosis markedly increases taking into account the issue of bacterial phenotypes inside biofilms Sonication of explanted devices ... traditional and routinely used methods of culturing are likely to detect only a small detail of the whole spectrum of pathogens possibly involved in infection of a THR It is well known since...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:53

... (2000) Effect of feeding characteristics on methane production • Digestible organic matter or energy • Residence time in the rumen and level of intake • Source of C and pattern of fermentation ... forecasted to 590 mm/y in the end of century Source: Robert A Rohde (2006) available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greenhouse_Gas_by_Sector.png “Livestock, one of top two or three most contributors ... climate change in CO2 equivalent 18percent Includingpasture degradation and assuming that two-thirds of land use change is livestock related Livestock’s share in carbon dioxide emissions percent Not...

Ngày tải lên: 14/04/2013, 16:04

... the same plot of the values found for de novo synthesis in the presence of 7.5 or 2.5 mM MnCl2 with various amounts of EDTA, or in the presence of MnCl2 only [11], as a function of the concentration ... the relevance of the exchange of polar head when de novo synthesis is studied We calculated that with a linear rate of synthesis of nmol PtdInsÆmin)1Æmg)1 (Fig 2), the concentration of CMP in a ... 1C, the labelled PtdIns of bacterial origin therefore arises from an exchange reaction Effect of EDTA on the enzymatic activities of PtdIns synthase The net activity of PtdIns synthase as an...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... Characterization of nanotubular TiO2 films Figure shows SEM images of the surface of TiO2 thick films composed of nanoparticles (a) and nanotubes (b-d) Uniform TiO2 nanotubes of 600 nm in length ... probably because of the improved particle packing density in the sensing film Thus, the results obtained indicate the importance of the microstructure control of sensing layers in terms of tube length, ... diameter were formed by the hydrothermal treatment of the nanoparticles (b) Clearly, the morphology of the particles changed and the porosity of the films was increased by the hydrothermal treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... 1999 from the Institute of Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus In 1981–2000 he worked at the Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, first ... almost all of the characteristics of the full feature space Fig shows the PCA of the data from three trials with different gas sequences (i.e from one of the trials based on the sequence of CH4–CO–NO–NO2–NH3–SO2–H2S, ... is selected For both of these methods there are a number of distance and weighting functions  Bayesian methods: If we know in advance the probability density function (PDF) of the classes, we...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... the supply of fixed nitrogen is of vital importance to the existence of the nation I n almost all processes for the fixation of nitrogen the production of oxides of nitrogen is one of the fundamental ... Absorption of nitrous gases by water Temperature of gaseous phase Cooling of gases Partial pressure of nitrogen tetroxide Total pressure of gases The concentration of nitrous gases by various methods ... number of gram-mols.) of nitric oxide M = Initial volume (or number of gram-mols.) of oxygen pc = Volume of oxygen changed in time t in 100 volumes of mixture V = Total initial volume of gas...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:03

... Influence of different reaction conditions on the activity of MnCoCe 1-3-0.75 69 3.2.4 Activity for the treatment of soot and the influence of soot on activity of MnCoCe 1-3-0.75 72 3.2.5 Influence of ... of MnCoCe 1-3-0.75 at room temperature 80 3.3 Study on the improvement of NOx treatment of MnO2Co3O4-CeO2 catalyst by addition of BaO and WO3 81 3.4 Study on the improvement of the activity of ... catalytic activity of three-way catalysts based on mixed metal oxides for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engine CONTENT OF THESIS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 17:14

... multiple dimensions of difficulty, viz pragmatics of ontology use, sloppiness of ontology mappings, scalability of mapping creation, functionality of mapping execution and evaluation of mapping quality ... combines the best features of other languages and adds some of its own In the rest of this section, we will give an overview of the basic syntax of SeRQL The overview of the SeRQL language given ... space of d; A non-empty set called the value space of d; A mapping from the lexical space of d to the value space of d, called the lexicalto-value mapping of d The lexical-to-value mapping of a...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:00

... fraction of the fuel to exhaust of the preliminary process of combustion 2.1 Mechanisms of chemical reactions in the engines The detailed chemical mechanisms of pollutant formation and kinetics of ... landscape This is probably due to a lack of robust, easy and less expensive measurements and analytical methods The most commonly used methods for measuring production of N2 and N2O in and their emission ... more available organic C in the form of root exudates and root debris, and is characterized by low partial pressure of O2 (due to O2 consumption by plant roots) (Casella et al., 1984) Depending...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... (2005) A study of methods of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration–the Sustainability of a photosynthetic bioreactor approach, Energy Conversion and Management, 46: 403–420 Stolaroff J K, Lowry ... is also the major constituent of large, underutilized resources of natural gas (located in remote areas of Asia, Siberia, Western Canada and offshore reservoirs of Australia, and therefore expensive ... emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere it would have to be compressed to a pressure of typically more than 10 MPa and this would consume an excessive amount of energy Also, the high volume of flue...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... coordinates of the trees in the stand, the gas exchange of a cluster of trees with clumped leaf area similar to observation can be calculated Such clusters of trees were the subject of sapflow ... biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species, Planta 149 (1980) 78-90 [22] Goulden M.L., Munger J.W., Fan S.-M., Daube B.C., Wofsy S.C., Measurements of carbon sequestration ... broadleaved forest of Nothofagus: an analysis of xylem sap flow and eddy correlation measurements, Oecologia 91 (1992) 350-359 [35] Köstner B., Biron P., Siegwolf R., Granier A., Estimates of water vapor...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... experimental light conditions Measurements were made on fully developed leaves The mean size of the seedlings used in photosynthesis measurements is shown in table II The measurements of net photosynthesis ... slope of the net photosynthesis-light curves which is called apparent quantum yield and which approximates to the quantum yield of the leaf (number of moles of CO assimilated per mole of photons ... regeneration of these species (Ducrey and Labbé, 1985) The study of the seedlings in relation to the intensity of regeneration fellings gave us preliminary information about light response of the species...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... 37% of the controls The early onset of yellowing and the stopped terminal bud growth indicates earlier senescence of the -enriched C0 plants The final leaf area per plant, at the end of the growth ... timing of the nutrient application The accumulation of the carbon surplus was restricted to the root system These changes could have far reaching ecological consequences for tree growth of Castanea ... -enriched Dry matter partitioning (Table III) Table III shows that the root biomass of -enriched C0 plants was 69% heavier than roots of the control plants The increase was statistically significant...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... 35-38 The growth of lateral shoots also did not show clear differences between the pH treatments = = acidity and the addition of the ionic mix- ture The effect of acidic rain on the Gn of clone ... reduction of the photosynthetic capacity may have consequences for growth and production of forest trees, as observed for poplar (Van Elsacker et al., 1988) However, length growth of top (and ... treatment means The growth analysis of clone 1007 is shown in Fig 2a, b The mean length of the top shoot (Fig 2a) is plotted against May) The logistic time in days (d !)j, ’ p(b - k x growth function:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20