regulation public goods and benefit cost analysis

... Q0) in a social benefit- cost analysis? Project Analysis: use P1 Private Analysis: use P1 Efficiency Analysis: use (P0+P1)/2 Referent Group Analysis: calculate the aggregate net benefits in the ... firms and it nets out in the efficiency benefit- cost analysis Suppose that the fall in product price is not matched by a fall in production cost. What is the effect on aggregate referent group benefits ... net benefits are the same as RG net benefits, and hence RG net benefits fall The reason for the fall is the lower value placed on the extra output produced by the project The social benefit- cost...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... Valuing Traded and Non-traded Goods in Social Benefit- Cost Analysis When we a benefit- cost analysis, we have to value a range of commodities which are ... international markets When we value traded and non-traded commodities in a benefitcost analysis, we need to use the same set of prices to value or cost all commodities We can either use the domestic ... opportunity cost of the project is unit of food and the benefit is 0.5 units of clothing The project breaks even because the benefit (0.5 units of clothing) has the same value as the cost (1 unit...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... analysis: all benefits and costs evaluated at market prices • Private analysis: benefits and costs to the private equity holder • Efficiency analysis: all benefits and costs evaluated at efficiency ... Benefit- Cost Analysis “A systematic framework for economic appraisal of proposed public and private projects from a public interest point of view” – based on Benefit- Cost Analysis: ... decision-maker to decide Benefit- cost analysis is intended to supplement the decision-making process, not to supplant it What we mean by the public interest? A private or public sector project...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 17:52

... Private Benefit- Cost Analysis Deriving ‘Project’ and ‘Private’ cash flows: • Project cash flow refers to cash flow for the overall ... and Non-Referent Group Net Benefits Distribution of Project Benefits A (referent group net benefits) i Government ii Local Private firm B (non-referent group net benefits) i Lenders (eg foreign ... change the IRR on equity, given the Project IRR and IRR on debt An Example of Gearing • Assume debt:equity is $60:$40 • Assume Project IRR = 10%, and, cost of debt = 5% – What is the IRR on equity?...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 17:52

... public sector, in the form of taxes or charges - the general public, in the form of employment benefits, rents, pollution costs etc What is the standard methodology? The efficiency benefit- cost ... the project) The distribution of net benefits is not relevant in efficiency benefit- cost analysis • the project net benefit, as measured by the efficiency analysis, will accrue to various groups ... Efficiency Benefit- Cost Analysis • Deals with the overall net benefits of the project irrespective of who gains and loses • Measures the economic efficiency of the project: if net benefit is...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... referent group benefits are relevant, why bother to calculate efficiency net benefit? • Efficiency net benefit is the aggregate net benefit for the project as a whole, using opportunity cost as efficiency ... identify referent group net benefits? • A project evaluation will only capture benefits and costs which are fully measured by market prices It fails to capture various public interest aspects of ... example: - employment benefits - indirect tax revenue changes - pollution costs etc Four-way Classification of Net Benefits Figure 6.1: Classification of Net Benefits Net benefits accruing to:...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... method to public goods 5.2 THE THEORY OF PUBLIC GOODS For the purposes of exposition, it is convenient to start with a very simple model in which there are just two goods, one private and one public ... distinction between public and private goods should be so categorical Isn't there a continuum stretching from almost pure private goods (such as frozen peas) to almost pure public goods (such as national ... preferences over combinations of private and public goods; each individual chooses how much to contribute to public goods, maximizing her utility while taking prices and other individuals' contributions...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... government funding 0750 Public Goods and Club Goods 929 emanates directly from citizen taxation However, in the provision of some public goods, either local public goods or club goods, the citizens ... which independently underpin the Tiebout (1956) and Oates (1972) models of local public goods and adapt the 934 Public Goods and Club Goods 0750 Loehr-Sandler model in a search for some common ground ... B and Stiglitz, J.E (1980), Lectures in Public Economics, Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill 0750 Public Goods and Club Goods 947 Becker, G and Tomes, Nigel (1976), ‘Child Endowments and the Quantity and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 09:20

... 23 Smith RD: Global public goods and health Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003, 81:475 Cornes R, Sandler T: The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods Cambridge: Cambridge ... University Press; 1996 Woodward D, Smith RD: Global Public Goods for Health: concepts and issues In Global Public Goods for Health: a health economic and public health perspective Volume chapter Edited ... Examples of national public goods run from police protection to national security to financial regulation to museums and artistic ensembles But some goods are quite clearly public at the global...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 13:46

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 13:46

... public sector, in the form of taxes or charges - the general public, in the form of employment benefits, rents, pollution costs etc What is the standard methodology? The efficiency benefit- cost ... the project) The distribution of net benefits is not relevant in efficiency benefit- cost analysis • the project net benefit, as measured by the efficiency analysis, will accrue to various groups ... Efficiency Benefit- Cost Analysis • Deals with the overall net benefits of the project irrespective of who gains and loses • Measures the economic efficiency of the project: if net benefit is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 17:51

... referent group benefits are relevant, why bother to calculate efficiency net benefit? • Efficiency net benefit is the aggregate net benefit for the project as a whole, using opportunity cost as efficiency ... identify referent group net benefits? • A project evaluation will only capture benefits and costs which are fully measured by market prices It fails to capture various public interest aspects of ... example: - employment benefits - indirect tax revenue changes - pollution costs etc Four-way Classification of Net Benefits Figure 6.1: Classification of Net Benefits Net benefits accruing to:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 17:51

... Jayaram Venkatesan: Cost Benefit & Usage Behaviour Analysis of No Frills Accounts cost, and (vi) miscellaneous cost The study team had not taken into account all the overhead costs as the new no ... Miscellaneous Cost The miscellaneous cost could include cost of survey form, travel and other miscellaneous expenses This was assumed to be at Rs Sl No Cost Type Cost per Account Rs 13.90 Survey Cost ... financial inclusion project involved two costs, namely account opening cost and maintenance cost 6.1 Account Opening Cost Estimating account opening cost of no frills accounts could be difficult...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf Page 5.10-4 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) cost (actual damages) and risk (possibility of future damages).9 ... Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) Factors Affecting Emission Costs Various factors that affect air pollution cost estimates ... (2009), Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use, Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... Ecology: Science and Solutions, Island Press (www.islandpress.com) Howard Frumkin, Lawrence Frank and Richard Jackson (2004), “Water Quantity and Quality,” Urban Sprawl and Public Health: Designing, ... www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0515.pdf Page 5.15-7 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Water Pollution Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) Storm Water, Hydrology and Wetlands • The City of Bellingham charges ... miles and parking supply 5.15.6 Equity and Efficiency Issues Water pollution emissions are an external cost, and therefore inequitable and inefficient 5.15.7 Conclusion Motor vehicles and roads...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... Various costs Fixed cost of production ($ ha-1) Depreciation Land and water Total cost of production ($ ha-1) Total cost of production ($ kg-1) Gross return ($ ha-1) Net return ($ ha-1) Benefit to cost ... gross and net returns and benefit to cost ratio were calculated using Eqs (5) - (9) The fixed and variable expenditures included in the cost of production were calculated in detail The variable cost ... Ozkan B An analysis of energy use and input costs for cotton production in Turkey Renew Energy 2005, 30(2), 145-155 Çetin B., Vardar A An economic analysis of energy requirements and input costs for...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... The Costs of Production Costs of production in the short run are: Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, and Total Costs © 2003 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited - 30 Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, and Total Costs ... Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, and Total Costs Variable costs are costs that change as output changes, such as the costs of labour and materials © 2003 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited - 32 Fixed Costs, ... Costs, Variable Costs, and Total Costs The sum of the variable and fixed costs are total costs: TC = FC + VC © 2003 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited - 33 The Costs of Production Besides total costs, firms...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... Marginal Cost of Public Funds Raising public funds to undertake investment projects involves three types of costs: • collection costs: costs of running the tax office; • compliance costs: costs ... in the flow of public funds, compliance and collection costs can be ignored in social benefit- cost analysis The amount of deadweight loss tends to rise (fall) as the amount of public funds raised ... labour supplied and he quantity of leisure demanded Estimates of the marginal cost of public funds: In Australia and other OECD countries most estimates of the marginal cost of public funds are...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... Pay for Public Goods via Microfinance iii Abstract This paper critically assesses microfinance’s expansion into the provision of public goods It focuses on the problem of public goods and collective ... using microfinance in generating access to public goods An opposing theoretical analysis is proposed based on an understanding of public goods theory and a respect for social dynamics In section ... distinguishes between four types of goods, which it classifies along the dimensions of excludability and rivality: private goods, public goods, club goods and common-pool resources (see Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20