processor integrating the unification grammar and markov language model
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Preference-first Language Processor Integrating the Unification Grammar and Markov Language Model for Speech Recognition-ApplicationS" potx
... the unification grammar and the Markov language model will be integrated in the language model to obtain better results. The parsing strategy 1 uses the random selection principle and the ... while Markov language models are in general both effective and simple. The new language processor proposed in this paper actually integrates the unification grammar and the Markov language model ... show that the correct rate of recognition can be as high as 98.3%. This indicates that the language processor based on the integration of the unification grammar and the Markov language model...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc
... re-rank the 1000-best list and obtain the BLEU score. The cross-validation process is then repeated 10 times (the folds), with each of the 10 pieces used exactlyonce as the validation data. The ... has11 features and language model is one of them.We substitute our language model and use MERT(Och, 2003) to optimize the BLEU score (Papineniet al., 2002). We partition the data into ten ... finish the Map part, and then the counts for a particular w−1−n+1wh−1−mgat different clients are summed up and stored in one205ply our language models to the task of re-ranking the N-best...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Reading Level Assessment Using Support Vector Machines and Statistical Language Models" pdf
... over 40%. The curves for bigram and unigram models havesimilar shapes, but the trigram models outperform the lower-order models. Error rates for the bigrammodels range from 37-45% and the unigram ... document t, we can cal-culate the likelihood ratio between the probabilitygiven by the model for class c and the probabilitiesgiven by the other models for the other classes:LR =P (t|c)P (c)c=cP ... other.4.1 Statistical Language ModelsStatistical LMs predict the probability that a partic-ular word sequence will occur. The most commonlyused statistical language model is the n-gram model, which...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Japanese OCR Error Correction using Character Shape Similarity and Statistical Language Model " pptx
... ending there and all word hypotheses starting there. The word hypotheses proposed at each point include both exactly matched words and approxi- mately matched words. All prefixes of the substring ... retrieve their ap- proximately matching words from the dictionary as correction candidates. The most likely correction candidate is selected by the word segmentation algo- rithm using the OCR model ... number of matched characters and n is the length of the mis- spelled (and the dictionary) word. Since the cost of computing the edit distance between a string and all dictionary words is expensive,...
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Motivation in learning english speaking of the second year tourism major students at tourism and foreign language department, sao do college of industry
... to join in the interview. Before the interview began the researcher explained the interviewees the purpose of the interview and the amount of time to complete the conversation. The interview ... motivation can vary tremendously according to their confidence and anxiety they have toward the language they are learning and the environment they are in. Not only is anxiety related to motivation, ... things, such as:• The understanding of the function of words in sentences. • The ability to understand and use grammatical rules. • Memory of key words, what they mean and how to use them. An important...
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Grammar And Usage For Better Writing - The supbject
... the complete subject of the sentence.Then, above the double line at the right, write the predicate.Samples:SUBJECT PREDICATE The temperature dropped suddenly.Has the plane landed?Under the ... subject in the S.S. space, the predicate in the P.space, and the verb in the V. space.Samples: The pond froze during the night. S.S.P.V.Wash your hands. S.S.P.V.Did you hear the wind? ... OF THE SENTENCE:An experienced pilot was at the controls at the time of the crash.SUBJECT AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE:At the controls at the time of the crash was an experienced pilot.The...
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Grammar and language workbook grade 7 MANTESH
... right in the eye.their, they’re Their is the possessive form of the personal pronoun they. They’re is the contraction of they are. The Westons returned to their favorite vacation spot.They’re ... well.theirs, there’s Theirs means “that or those belonging to them.” There’s is the contractionof there is. Theirs is one of the latest models.There’s another pitcher of lemonade in the refrigerator.to, ... friend the rabbit’s ears the children’s toys the farmers’ fieldsHandbook 1Handbook ofDefinitions and RulesHandbook 3Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-HillHandbookSUBJECTS AND PREDICATES1. The...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "The impact of language models and loss functions on repair disfluency detection" pptx
... weuse the 19 other folds to construct a language model and then score the utterance in this fold with that language model. The largest widely-available corpus for language modelling is the Web ... noisychannel model when it is producing the 25-bestlist for the reranker. The log figure of merit is the sum of the log language model probability and the log channel model probability plus 1.5times the ... from the external language models by defining a rerankerfeature for each external language model. The valueof this feature is the log probability assigned by the language model to the candidate...
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LONG TERM CHANGES IN VOTING POWER AND CONTROL STRUCTURE FOLLOWING THE UNIFICATION OF DUAL CLASS SHARES pdf
... calculated at the end of the calendar year preceding the unification, except for post -unification Q and voting power, which are calculated at the end of the unification year. For the control ... increasing their holdings in advance. And, after the unification, they may reverse the initial erosion in their voting power by acquiring more shares. Alternatively, in the post -unification ... unifying firms prepared for the unification ex ante, and partially offset the expected dilution in their voting power by increasing their shareholdings in the year before the unification. Controlling...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Grammar Prototyping and Testing with the LinGO Grammar Matrix Customization System" pot
... grammars for more than 40 languages in the context of a graduate grammar engineering course.To give sense of the size of the grammarsproduced by the customization system, Table 1compares the ... defined by the customiza-tion system. Not all of the Matrix-provided typesare used in the definition of the language- specificrules, but they are nonetheless an important part of the grammar, serving ... starter grammars by gen-eration, therefore, we must provide input MRSs. The shared core grammar ensures that all of the grammars produce and interpret valid MRSs,but there are still language- specific...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Development and Evaluation of a Broad-Coverage Probabilistic Grammar of English-Language Computer Manuals" pdf
... structure-consistent then this occurence of B C cannot be used in the parse and we continue to the next pair. If, on the other hand, it is structure-consistent then we find all candidate parents ... refer to them. They simply perco- late up from the lexical items to the non-terminal level, and contribute information to the mnemonic productions which constitute the parameters of the statistical ... It follows from the fact that the semantics are not written into the grammar that the coverage figure is the same with and without semantics. Perhaps surprising, however, is the slight degree...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "LEXICON-GRAMMAR AND THE SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF FRENCH" pot
... of the Nl's attached to the verbs. The signs in a row of the matrix provides the syntactic paradigm of a verb, that is, the sentence forms into which the verb may enter. The lexicon -grammar ... the 3 prepositions "zero", a and de ere felt and described as the basic ones by traditional grammarians, the descriptions have never received any objective bee,s. The lexicon -grammar ... of number of entries. On the one hand, the two constructions have common syntactic and semantic features, on the other, they ere significantly different in form and content. Setting up two...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for FFL" potx
... attention to the factthat the MLR model multiplies the number of pa-rameters by J − 1 compared to the PO model. Because of this, they recommend using the PO model. 6 Implementation of the modelsHaving ... gave results consistent with the lit-erature. They also showed the superiority of the MLR model over the PO model. Since Heilmanet al. (2008) found the opposite, and the intuitiveview is that ... results during the test phase. So we retained two logistic regressionmodels, the PO model and the MLR model, whichare presented in the next section.5.1 Proportional odds (PO) model Logistic...
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