processor integrating the unification grammar and markov language model

... the unification grammar and the Markov language model will be integrated in the language model to obtain better results. The parsing strategy 1 uses the random selection principle and the ... while Markov language models are in general both effective and simple. The new language processor proposed in this paper actually integrates the unification grammar and the Markov language model ... show that the correct rate of recognition can be as high as 98.3%. This indicates that the language processor based on the integration of the unification grammar and the Markov language model...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... re-rank the 1000-best list and obtain the BLEU score. The cross-validation process is then repeated 10 times (the folds), with each of the 10 pieces used exactly once as the validation data. The ... has 11 features and language model is one of them. We substitute our language model and use MERT (Och, 2003) to optimize the BLEU score (Papineni et al., 2002). We partition the data into ten ... finish the Map part, and then the counts for a particular w −1 −n+1 wh −1 −m g at different clients are summed up and stored in one 205 ply our language models to the task of re-ranking the N-best...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... over 40%. The curves for bigram and unigram models have similar shapes, but the trigram models outperform the lower-order models. Error rates for the bigram models range from 37-45% and the unigram ... document t, we can cal- culate the likelihood ratio between the probability given by the model for class c and the probabilities given by the other models for the other classes: LR = P (t|c)P (c)  c  =c P ... other. 4.1 Statistical Language Models Statistical LMs predict the probability that a partic- ular word sequence will occur. The most commonly used statistical language model is the n-gram model, which...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... ending there and all word hypotheses starting there. The word hypotheses proposed at each point include both exactly matched words and approxi- mately matched words. All prefixes of the substring ... retrieve their ap- proximately matching words from the dictionary as correction candidates. The most likely correction candidate is selected by the word segmentation algo- rithm using the OCR model ... number of matched characters and n is the length of the mis- spelled (and the dictionary) word. Since the cost of computing the edit distance between a string and all dictionary words is expensive,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... to join in the interview. Before the interview began the researcher explained the interviewees the purpose of the interview and the amount of time to complete the conversation. The interview ... motivation can vary tremendously according to their confidence and anxiety they have toward the language they are learning and the environment they are in. Not only is anxiety related to motivation, ... things, such as: • The understanding of the function of words in sentences. • The ability to understand and use grammatical rules. • Memory of key words, what they mean and how to use them. An important...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 15:01

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:48

... the complete subject of the sentence. Then, above the double line at the right, write the predicate. Samples: SUBJECT PREDICATE The temperature dropped suddenly. Has the plane landed? Under the ... subject in the S.S. space, the predicate in the P. space, and the verb in the V. space. Samples: The pond froze during the night. S.S. P. V. Wash your hands. S.S. P. V. Did you hear the wind? ... OF THE SENTENCE : An experienced pilot was at the controls at the time of the crash. SUBJECT AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE : At the controls at the time of the crash was an experienced pilot. The...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

... right in the eye. their, they’re Their is the possessive form of the personal pronoun they. They’re is the contraction of they are. The Westons returned to their favorite vacation spot. They’re ... well. theirs, there’s Theirs means “that or those belonging to them.” There’s is the contraction of there is. Theirs is one of the latest models. There’s another pitcher of lemonade in the refrigerator. to, ... friend the rabbit’s ears the children’s toys the farmers’ fields Handbook 1 Handbook of Definitions and Rules Handbook 3 Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Handbook SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES 1. The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:15

... we use the 19 other folds to construct a language model and then score the utterance in this fold with that language model. The largest widely-available corpus for language modelling is the Web ... noisy channel model when it is producing the 25-best list for the reranker. The log figure of merit is the sum of the log language model probability and the log channel model probability plus 1.5 times the ... from the external language models by defining a reranker feature for each external language model. The value of this feature is the log probability assigned by the language model to the candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... calculated at the end of the calendar year preceding the unification, except for post -unification Q and voting power, which are calculated at the end of the unification year. For the control ... increasing their holdings in advance. And, after the unification, they may reverse the initial erosion in their voting power by acquiring more shares. Alternatively, in the post -unification ... unifying firms prepared for the unification ex ante, and partially offset the expected dilution in their voting power by increasing their shareholdings in the year before the unification. Controlling...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... grammars for more than 40 languages in the context of a graduate grammar engineering course. To give sense of the size of the grammars produced by the customization system, Table 1 compares the ... defined by the customiza- tion system. Not all of the Matrix-provided types are used in the definition of the language- specific rules, but they are nonetheless an important part of the grammar, serving ... starter grammars by gen- eration, therefore, we must provide input MRSs. The shared core grammar ensures that all of the grammars produce and interpret valid MRSs, but there are still language- specific...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... structure-consistent then this occurence of B C cannot be used in the parse and we continue to the next pair. If, on the other hand, it is structure-consistent then we find all candidate parents ... refer to them. They simply perco- late up from the lexical items to the non-terminal level, and contribute information to the mnemonic productions which constitute the parameters of the statistical ... It follows from the fact that the semantics are not written into the grammar that the coverage figure is the same with and without semantics. Perhaps surprising, however, is the slight degree...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... of the Nl's attached to the verbs. The signs in a row of the matrix provides the syntactic paradigm of a verb, that is, the sentence forms into which the verb may enter. The lexicon -grammar ... the 3 prepositions "zero", a and de ere felt and described as the basic ones by traditional grammarians, the descriptions have never received any objective bee,s. The lexicon -grammar ... of number of entries. On the one hand, the two constructions have common syntactic and semantic features, on the other, they ere significantly different in form and content. Setting up two...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20