overview of optical communication networks current and future trends

... Current and future trends Aysegül Gençata, Narendra Singhal, and Biswanath Mukherjee Chapter Evolution of optical networks architecture M Yasin Akhtar Raja Chapter Design aspects of optical communication ... overcome Emerging optical communication networks represent a step in that direction The Handbook of Optical Communication Networks is a source of comprehensive reference material for such networks The ... 2003 11:33 AM chapter one Overview of optical communication networks: Current and future trends* Aysegül Gençata Istanbul Technical University Narendra Singhal University of California, Davis Biswanath...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 17:52

... instability (loss of synchronism) etc b Protection of personnel and plant from the dangers of incorrect power-system operation, by the use of electrical and mechanical interlocking All classes of switchgear ... only one of the switches can be closed, i.e closure of one switch automatically locks the closure of the other Procedure for the isolation and earthing of the power transformer, and removal of the ... interconnected networks justifies the investment required Remote control and monitoring for MV networks Remote control and monitoring of MV feeders makes it possible to reduce loss of supply resulting...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 22:15

... described below in “principle of kVA maximum-demand metering” Reduction of peak power demand The second aim, i.e that of reducing peak power demands, while increasing demand at low-load periods, has ... interval, and a similar number for different periods of the year In such schemes the ratio of cost per kWh during a period of peak demand for the year, and that for the lowest-load period of the ... level of voltage at the service position of consumers within the limits of ± 5% (or in some cases ± 6% or more-see table C1) of the declared nominal value Again, IEC and most national standards...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... Newman M (2002) Random graphs as models of networks Handbook of Graphs and Networks (Bornholdt, S & Schuster, HG, eds) Wiley-VHC, Weinheim 6434 68 Vousden KH & Prives C (2005) P53 and prognosis: ... biology: understanding the cell’s functional organization Nat Rev Genet 5, 101–113 Sole RV & Pastor-Satorras R (2002) Complex networks in genomics and proteomics Handbook of Graphs and Networks (Bornholdt ... network with randomized versions of it with the same size and degree distribution The so-called Z-score quantifies the difference between the studied network and an ensemble of randomized networks...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... Degree of Master of Engineering National University of Singapore Summary Hybrid Wireless -Optical Broadband Access Networks (WOBANs) are a new and promising architecture for next generation broadband ... mobility and convenience as well Among the existing broadband access technologies, Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and wireless networks are the two most promising solutions for the future networks ... Passive Optical Network PON is a point-to-multipoint, fiber-to-the-premise network architecture It consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the telecom central office and a number of optical...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 11:39

... 1—Introduction 2—Landscape of Asian Postal Networks Main Features and Data Postal Networks and Asian Postal Reform 3—Asia Country Profiles and Overviews 10 Country-by-Country Profiles 10 Cross-Country Overviews ... Post Offices in Payments The Role of Post Offices in International Remittances The Role of Post Offices in Savings The Role of Post Offices in Credit 21 The Need to Reform the Postal Networks and ... 2—The Landscape of African Postal Networks Did the Mail Carrier Ever Ring a Bell? Postal Networks and African Postal Reform 3—Africa Country Profiles and Overviews Country-by-Country Profiles...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... between the capacities of backbone and local networks on the one hand and the bottleneck imposed by the lower capacities of legacy access networks in between This was, and in many cases still ... does not The PON standards of current interest include broadband passive optical network (BPON) [ITU-T G.983.1], Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) (Institute of Electrical and Electronics ... architecture, management, standards, and business models The rest of this chapter introduces nonoptical access technologies and important features of the entire family of optical access systems,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:09

... their networks provide a means to upgrade and expand to meet any future demands Although MSOs already have high bandwidth hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) architectures in place and are capable of delivering ... delivery of carrier-class services that customers expect and demand ADC’s time-tested products and professional services help enable cable operators to design and build the reliable and flexible ... documentation, a solid foundation of RF and fiber signal management, and power distribution solutions must work hand-in-hand to make network reconfigurations faster, easier to perform and far less risky to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 18:15

... Leveraging a Full Suite of Ethernet and TDM Services to Cost-Effectively Utilize Fiber Networks Ethernet and Legacy Services for True Convergence Providers of all sizes and types are worried about ... 100FX (SFP) • CLI management interfaces - RS-232 - 10/100 • In-band or out -of- band • SNMP • FTP to download multiple software images and configurations • LoopStar 700 intelligent management Ethernet ... 2FX, no optics) *Includes: AC power supply and AC power cord, blanking plate, 19” and 23” rack mount brackets, console cable, license for basic software and documentation LPS-711-48DC L1 SPEC SHEET...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 19:15

... systems support rapid change, maintenance and turn-up of new services, creating faster generation of revenues and decreased costs of technical labor and service downtime Technicians are no longer ... listing of ADC's global sales office locations, please refer to our web site ADC Telecommunications, Inc., P.O Box 1101, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA 55440-1101 Specifications published here are current ... Minneapolis, Minnesota USA 55440-1101 Specifications published here are current as of the date of publication of this document Because we are continuously improving our products, ADC reserves...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... expanded to 133% of the poverty line for nonelderly adults and there would also be a 5% standard deduction, leading to a net income limit of 138% of poverty 58 For example, Hawkins, J and Banda, ... rates of unplanned pregnancies, low rates of breast and cervical cancer and other disease screening and high incidence of STIs The WHP policy changes would reduce access to screening services and ... in Texas were in need of contraceptive services and supplies, and of this population, 1.46 million were in need of publicly-funded services and supplies.14 About a third of women (32.5%, or 475,410...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... protection, and HIV prevention, and expanded outreach to those at greater risk of STIs/HIV For others, such as antenatal care and STI care for adolescents and core transmitters of HIV, some form of ‘‘integration’’ ... and STD/HIV services: current debates and future directions Health Policy and Planning 1996;11(4):339–53 Askew I, Maggwa BN Integration of STI prevention and management with family planning and ... prophylaxis and treatment for opportunisitic infections and HAART,  support for community outreach and education, and linkages to local organizations and resources,  procurement and delivery of antiretroviral...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 15:20

... the organization and its principal officers, directors and other key personnel against lists maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) within the U.S Department of Treasury The ... control of the Gaza Strip, the office of the U.S Security Coordinator (USSC) for Israel and the Palestinian Authority (a three-star U.S general officer, supported as of mid 2012 by U.S and allied ... negotiating process and/ or a final-status agreement.85 • Physical entrenchment of Israeli settlers in the West Bank and of obstacles to Palestinian movement within the West Bank and in and out of both the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... parish of St Werburgh, in the city and county of Bristol, in the county of Gloucester, and lying on the south-west side of Small Street, and the east side of St Leonards Lane." [By permission of ... affair is a copy of part of Gascoigne's account, of which the following is a transcript:— [Pg 20] THE OFFICE OF THE POSTE In the office of William Dodington, Esquire, Auditor of Her Matie Impreste, ... farmer of the Post Office, furnished to the Secretary of State "a perfect list" of all officers in the Post Office According to this list there were eight Clerks of the Roads, viz.:—Two of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 02:20

... Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services OPAE Office of Planning, Analysis and Evaluation, HRSA, HHS DNPAO Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity ORHP Office of Rural Health Policy, ... Snetselaar of the University of Iowa College of Public Health; Bill Menner, Iowa’s state director of USDA Rural Development; Keith Mueller of the Rural Policy Research Institute and University of Iowa ... spread the use of evidence-based practices for the prevention and treatment of overweight, with the goal of a reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity The Bureau of Primary Care...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... Sandy silt b - Silty sand - Lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy analysis Lithofacies analysis is determination of different facies names and association of lithofacies in space and time, based on ... front of river mouths Dinh An, Tran De, Ham Luong Where the coast is open, wave is active and sandy tidal flat facies will be formed, which composed of over 80% of sand and 20% of silty clay and ... sand Sandy mud Slightly gravelly mud Sand Muddy sand 11 Slightly muddy sand 12 Muddy gravel Slightly gravelly sandy mud Slightly gravelly muddy sand 13 Muddy sandy gravel Slightly gravelly sand...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... media-streaming and communication protocols These protocols often are required to negotiate both session creation and session-path parameters such as quality -of- service and bandwidth [6] © SA ... independent of the layers below; your policy should apply across all platforms and applications independent of the specifics of the application, and apply and fit with all classes of users, from ... ho Physical Layer Vulnerabilities Loss of Power Loss of Environmental Control Physical Theft of Data and Hardware Physical Damage or Destruction of Data And Hardware Unauthorized changes to the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... assessment of the community’s health status, including:  Identification of health risks  Attention to vital statistics and disparities  Identifications of assets and resources  Utilization of methods ... Community and state planning  Alignment of resources to assure successful planning Enforce Laws and Regulations That Protect Health and Ensure Safety  Review, evaluation, and revision of legal ... legal authority, laws, and regulations  Education about laws and regulations  Advocating of regulations needed to protect and promote health  Support of compliance efforts and enforcement as needed...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 22:21

... business climate demands that small business owners understand and use the latest technology Simplify the learning and adoption process by taking advantage of SBA online glossaries of key terms, instructions ... provides current and prospective small business owners with information and guidance in central and easily accessible branch locations Visit sba.gov/about-offices-content/1/700 District Offices ... primarily a guarantor of loans made by private and other institutions and does not offer the actual funds to assist small businesses Loans include: 7(a) Loans: The most basic and most popular type...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... employees and partners from security breaches The Internet, intranets, and extranets enable fast and effective communication between employees and partners However, such communication and efficiency ... networks and destroy data Furthermore, with the recent pervasiveness of remote connectivity technologies, businesses are expanding to include larger numbers of telecommuters, branch of ces, and ... Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Page of Threats to Data As with any type of crime, the threats to the privacy and integrity of data come from a very small minority of vandals However, while one car...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20