nerve cell structure and function

... Outline  Cell theory  Properties common to all cells    why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Cell size and shape –    Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell ... always be small Prokaryotic Cell Structure  Prokaryotic Cells are smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells   Typical prokaryotic cell is Prokaryotic cells NOT have: • Nucleus ... including cork cells  1850 – Rudolf Virchow  Proposed that all cells come from existing cells Cell Theory All organisms consist of or more cells Cell is the smallest unit of life All cells come...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:31

... because of its highly convoluted and dynamic structure and crucial functions in membrane lipid synthesis and assembly, protein synthesis and secretion, ion homeostasis, and membrane quality control ... different unit cell parameters, may coexist in the same cell (Behnke, 1965, 1968; Landh, 1996) These cells lack a nucleus and the cytoplasmic connection and exchange between vertically stacked cells is ... right) and lamellar structures, and whorls (lower right) (E) The coexistence of these membrane organizations has been reported frequently in UT-1 and COS-7/CV-1 cells with HMG-CoA reductase and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:56

... regulatory elements required for function in either T cells or mast cells Shown below are the positions that nucleosomes and GATA-2 occupy in unstimulated T cells and mast cells [85] a 30-nm chromatin ... Strongly positioned A P N Cockerill Enhancer Mast cells stim GATA Promoter T cells stim Mast cells non-stim T cells non-stim B Nucleosome positions and functional binding sites in the human GM-CSF ... calcium and kinase signalling pathways, nucleosomes throughout this kb region adopt a highly disorganized structure with nucleosomes redistributed to random positions in both T cells and mast cells...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... structural and functional importance of the v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further ... domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were generated by PCR and cloned into ... and subjected to immunoblot analysis Plasmid construction and expression Immunoblotting Plasmid construction and expression in Escherichia coli or African green monkey kidney cell line COS7 cells...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... marine and freshwater ecosystems James H Brown, Andrew P Allen and James F Gillooly Body size and suspension feeding Stuart Humphries 16 Life histories and body size 10 David Atkinson and Andrew ... Nearly all characteristics of organisms, from their structure and function at molecular, cellular and whole-organism levels to ecological and evolutionary dynamics, are correlated with body size ... empirical and theoretical work in biological oceanography and limnology that relates the structure, function and biotic composition of these systems to the body sizes of the organisms present and the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... barley nucellar cells by PCD after pollination, and it was suggested that this AP-like protein lacking the prosegment and the PSI may function as an apoptotic protease triggering nucellar cell death ... intracellular, and subcellular localization studies revealed that they accumulate essentially inside protein storage vacuoles Biochemical and immunocytochemistry analysis of barley roots and leaves ... APs References Davies, D.R (1990) The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 19, 189–215 Dunn, B.M (2002) Structure and mechanism of the pepsin-like family...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... protein has structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligand binding domain of the nAChR, and likewise assembles into pentamers Ó FEBS 2004 unable to form functional channels in ... investigation and understanding of their structure- activity relationships, may start to provide a rational way to develop additional pharmacological tools for the elucidation of nAChR structure and function ... subunits, and was not reliably expressed in combination with b4 subunits, an a6/a3 chimera consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the a6 subunit and the transmembrane and intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... C.L (1999) Structure, function and evolution of antifreeze proteins Cell Mol Life Sci 55, 271– 283 11 Yeh, Y & Feeney, R.E (1996) Antifreeze proteins: Structures and mechanisms of function Chem ... [31,32,36] and their threedimensional structures were determined [34,37–40] In subsequent sections, we describe the structure and dynamics of each protein, and present a comparison of sbwAFP and TmAFP ... other and with proteins that have a similar fold Structure of sbwAFP and TmAFP The structure of sbwAFP has been determined by X-ray ˚ crystallography to 2.5 A and by NMR at both 30 °C and °C...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... three antiparallel strands (1, and 7) and strand 6, which is parallel to strand b-Strands are located between the four a-helices (a1, 278–294; a2, 305–313; a4, 374–381; and a5, 397–405), with ... elements: b-strands (b3, 329–335; b4, 339–344; and b5, 367–372) and a distorted a-helix (a3, 348–356) (Fig 3B,C) The three b-strands of the minidomain are all antiparallel, and form a single b -structure ... the structure of the protein core (residues 277–328 and 373–413) in solution and in the solid state, and indicates their similarity A superposition of the C-domain NMR structure on the crystal structure...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... between strands E and F in transthyretin The two transthyretin dimers associate, via nonpolar interactions, between the loops joining stands G and H with the loops joining strands A and B, making ... between the structures of TLP and transthyretins are found in the loop connecting b-strands B and C, which is highly exposed to the solvent in TLP [17] Interruptions in the b-strands A, G and H are ... S dublin TLP and zebrafish TLP are found in the flexible portions of strands B and C that protrude towards the solvent and in the conformation of the long loop connecting strands D and E [17] Greater...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... antiparallel b-strands is abutted by three a-helices (a1, a2, and a¢) The b-sheet in type I KH domains consists of three b-strands in the order b1, b¢ and b2 The b1-strand and b2-strand are parallel ... Valverde et al Structure and function of KH domains A B C Fig 10 Crystal structure of tandem type II KH domains of NusA in complex with RNA The tandem KH1–KH2 domains of NusA recognize RNA ligand 5¢-GAACUCAAUAG ... the b1-strand and b2-strand are adjacent and parallel to each other, and the b¢-strand is adjacent and antiparallel to the b1-strand (Fig 1) The length and sequence of the variable loop are different...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... Ó FEBS 2002 Structure and function of GlcNAc kinase (Eur J Biochem 269) 4213 Fig De novo and salvage pathway of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis EXPERIMENTAL ... harvested and resuspended in 20 mM Na2HPO4, pH 7.5, and then lysed by freezing/thawing The lysate was centrifuged at 10 000 g for 15 and the supernatant was analyzed for GlcNAc kinase activity and ... overexpressed GlcNAc kinase and cysteine mutants in E coli BL21 Supernatants after cell lysis were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose as described...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... double-stranded DNA λ phage 48,500 Linear double-stranded DNA T7 phage 40,000 Linear double-stranded DNA M13 phage 6,400 Closed-circular single-stranded DNA MS2 phage 3,600 Linear single-stranded ... 6,000,000,000 Linear double-stranded DNA Fruit fly 270,000,000 Linear double-stranded DNA HIV 9,700 Linear single-stranded RNA DNA molecules are packaged in the cell as structures called chromosomes ... in a mRNA molecule that is singlestranded RNase P M1 RNA RNA molecules not have a regular structure like DNA hairpin Structures of RNA molecules are complex and unique RNA molecules can base pair...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:42

... cell? Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Function( s) Regulates passage of Plasma materials into and out of cell Membrane Cell- Cell Recognition Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure ... Cytoskeleton Function( s) Maintains cell shape Anchors organelles and proteins Allows for organelle movement and cellular movement in some cell types Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Function ... Plasma Membrane Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Peroxisome Function Removes harmful oxidants from cells Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features Structure Mitochondrion Function Captures...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 19:31

... buffer, pH 7.0, and its UV spectra were recorded between 250 and 190 nm Molecular modelling Structure manipulations and analysis were performed using the PYMOL software [41] Results and Discussion ... system, and by HPLC on a C18 reverse-phase column It was found to be at least 98.4% pure Fig Structure of SDTG (A) and time course of inactivation of recombinant GST I by SDTG at pH 6.5 and 25 ... inactivation of wild-type GST I and mutant Phe51Ala by SDTG Wild-type (r) and mutant Phe51Ala (j) were incubated in the presence of 72.7 and 92 lM SDTG, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 25 °C At the times...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, and a fellowship from Katayama Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd (Osaka) to T.Y Ó FEBS 2004 Effects of DiS-C on mitochondrial structure and function (Eur J Biochem ... found DiS-C3(5) to show multiple effects on the mitochondrial structure and function, effects 11 dependent on both its concentration and the Pi status Acknowledgements This work was supported by ... interpretation, we further characterized the actions of DiS-C3(5) on the mitochondrial structure and function and compared them with those of Ca2+, known as a typical PT inducer Like that of Ca2+,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... C1R (PDB code: 1GPZ [27]) and of the modelled structures of HPT1 and HPT2 HPT1 residue Cys15 and HPT2 residues Cys15 and Cys74 are shown in spacefill representation This and the following figures ... and C1R (A), and between HPT2 and C1R (B) Conserved residues are shaded in grey; Cys residues are highlighted in yellow Above the sequence alignment, red, green and magenta bars indicate a- and ... the HPT physiological function( s) 5650 Results and Discussion Modelling of the ab ‘monomers’ of HPT1 and HPT2 Figure shows the sequence alignment of the two HPT variants and C1R C1R displays 29%...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... in Table 1, C or I, and, to some extent, also I* and C* The lower stability of Hc from nonpeneid Crustacea yields a structure where divalent ions (such as Ca2+ and Mg2+) and pH regulate the oligomerization ... Beltramini et al P monodon hemocyanin structure and function equilibrium constant, lo, describes the ratio of conformations r and t in the absence of ligand: lo ¼ ½t0 Š ½r0 Š Three-state MWC ... 2060–2075 ª 2005 FEBS P monodon hemocyanin structure and function 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 oxygen binding and interactions with l-lactate, calcium, and protons Biochemistry 27, 1995–2001...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... caspase and N3-009P Expression of FasR and FasL in tumor cells and splenocytes at their simultaneous cultivation S A Alexandrova, L B Ginkul, and I N Shvemberger Laboratory of Stability Chomosome and ... JNK and p38MAPK regulate intracellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis On the other hand, it is known that cholesterol is necessary for cell proliferation and cell ... anti-CD 45 and CD 95 MoAb, IL-4 and GM-CSF We monitored the cell viability, by cell enumeration, intracellular metabolic activity by determination of total LDH activity, cell proliferation, cell membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... ultrastructure of MGC803 cells had undergone a significant change Cells took on appearances as the number of microvilli on cell surface decreased, and cells tendency to form gland and intercellular ... (MDA-MB-231) and one with low invasion potential (BT-20), and also normal cells MCF-12A were used The expression of PDGF-R and c-Kit, their ligands, MMP-9 and signal transduction pathways PI3/Akt and ... MT network) and decreased cell growth in HeLa cells Cep57 may work as a MT stabilizing protein in the centrosomes and spindle pole, and then play a role on MT network formation and cell division...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20