muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

... intervention (data not shown) Muscle quality and muscle fiber size Compliance to strength training was 90 ± 10 % Muscle strength, lean tissue mass, muscle quality, and vastus lateralis muscle fiber cross-sectional ... was determined by standard technique Muscle strength Muscle strength 1RM was assessed twice at baseline and once during week 16 on each training machine Initial training loads and analyses used ... than 10% Upper and lower body strength at baseline and 16 weeks was calculated as the sum of 1RM measures for each upper and lower body exercise performed Muscle quality Skeletal muscle quality...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 15:28

... bladder and adjacent organs, that is prostate and seminal vesicles in men, and uterus and adnexa in women (8) The inclusion of the entire prostate in male patients, and the extent of urethrectomy and ... urography and a chest X-ray B In patients with a verified muscle invasive lesion (TUR), abdominal pelvis and chest imaging is mandatory MR imaging and CT are equivalent in diagnosing local and distant ... patient care The Muscle- invasive and metastatic bladder cancer guidelines are one of three EAU guidelines documents (EAU Guidelines on Non -muscle- invasive (TaT1 and CIS) Bladder Cancer and EAU Guidelines...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... experiments, with excitation at 280 nm and a bandpass of nm, and emission at 320 nm with a bandpass of nm All spectra were baseline corrected with the buffer and were the means of at least three ... the conclusions that the interaction between TnC and TnI is antiparallel [10], and that the inhibitory region and the region between residues 117 and 148 are involved in the binding to N domain ... and TnI regulatory domains Fig (A) TnC(1–91)–TnI(98–182) experimental data and GNOM fitting Inset: pair distance distribution function p(r) The experimental values ˚ ˚ for Dmax and Rg, 110 A and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... cervical dislocation, and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were carefully dissected and kept on ice In fasted animals and the respective controls, one gastrocnemius muscle was used ... Peptide sequence between TM2 and TM3 of human UCP3, UCP31-A (a-Diagnostic) UCP3KO – Mouse muscle UCP3KO – Mouse muscle – hUCP3/HEK293 Rat muscle (starvation) – – hUCP3Tg – Rat muscle (exercise, hypoxia, ... soleus (1.5-fold) and in IMF mitochondria in the tibialis anterior and in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus (2.0-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively) In the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, the UCP3/COX...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... PFMT and ES (Table 6), two studies on PFMT and VW (Table 7), three studies on PFMT with BF and ES (Table 8), one study on PFMT, BF and VW, (Table 9), and one study on PFMT combined with ES, BF and ... objective and quality of life measures PFMT = pelvic floor muscle training PFMT+BF = pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback PFMT+BF+ES = pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback and electrical ... muscle training and electrical stimulation PFMT+VW = pelvic floor muscle training with vaginal weights PFMT +BF+ES+VW = pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback, electrical stimulation and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 14:20

... NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2009, 6:29 http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/6/1/29 visco-elastic properties of muscles and connective tissue [3-7] and the role of (impaired) voluntary muscle activation ... relationship between handle torque (input) and resulting angular deviation (output) yields the mechanical behaviour of the subject attached and comprises intrinsic muscle resistance and reflex mediated ... Score [18] of ≥ 2, a functional disability (Brunstrom stage between and [19]) and enhanced tendon reflexes of either the mm flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris or radialis on the affected side compared...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... and week (all p > 0.05) (Figure 2B) Discussion The pathogenesis of calcific tendinopathy, including the cause of tendon pain, tendon degeneration and calcification, remained largely unknown and ... bone/cartilage and promoted structural degeneration in calcific tendinopathy Previous studies have shown that BMP-4 was involved in cutaneous [15] and muscle ossification [16] BMP-4 and -7 and TGF-beta1 ... Chondrometaplasia and Ossification During Repair of Patella Tendon Injury, submitted) This suggested similar biological pathway might be activated in both traumatic and collagenase-induced tendon injuries...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... of Muscle Cell” Muscles are classified into three types, skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles, according to their structure and function In vertebrate animals including humans, skeletal muscle ... cardiac muscle is responsible for the heart function as a pump, and smooth muscle is distributed among various visceral organs and blood vessels to keep the animals alive In all kinds of muscle, ... skeletal and smooth muscle cells, and also melanocytes which have many properties common to those of smooth muscles Part II contains articles dealing with pathological aspects of cardiac and smooth muscle...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 15:20

... response, and regulation The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117, 18–24 quiz 25 Kandarian, S C & Jackman, R W (2006) Intracellular signaling during skeletal muscle atrophy Muscle & ... Sillence, M N & Matthews, M L (1994) Classical and atypical binding sites for b-adrenoceptor ligands and activation of adenylyl cyclase in bovine skeletal muscle and adipose tissue membranes British Journal ... Crettenand, A., Gobelet, C., Rohmer, P., Konzelmann, M., Luthi, F., Russell, A P (2006) Akt signalling through GSK-3beta, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness Gordon S Lynch Editor Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness Mechanisms and Treatments Editor Gordon S Lynch Department of Physiology Basic and Clinical ... Alway and Parco M Siu vii viii Contents Age-Related Changes in the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Mass 207 Aaron P Russell and Bertrand Lèger Genetic Variation and Skeletal Muscle ... Age-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function 393 Chris D McMahon, Thea Shavlakadze, and Miranda D Grounds Role of Myostatin in Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development: Implications...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... and weakness Research and development in academic and research institutions and in large and small pharma is being directed to sarcopenia and related issues to develop and evaluate novel therapies ... studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in skeletal muscle and identifying strategies to combat sarcopenia and related muscle wasting conditions and neuromuscular ... Inflammation • Muscle injury and repair • Muscle wasting • Muscle weakness • Neuromuscular • Sarcopenia • Senescence • Skeletal muscle G.S Lynch (*) Department of Physiology, Basic and Clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... expressed abundantly and specifically in skeletal muscle in humans and also in BAT of rodents Our research group has ­ emonstrated d that both UCP2 and UCP3 mRNAs are elevated in skeletal muscle during ... to the massive muscle protein loss, and similar to that observed in skeletal muscle of chronic heart failure patients suffering from cardiac cachexia (Sharma and Anker 2002), muscle DNA is also ... r ­ elationships of bilateral and unilateral leg multi-joint movements in young and elderly women Journal of Biomechanics, 42, 2151–2157 Muscle Wasting in Cancer and Ageing: Cachexia Versus Sarcopenia...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... (TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 in particular) may modulate clearance and repair processes in skeletal muscle following injury and may also be involved with the sustained viability of muscle cells Muscle repair ... decrease in skeletal muscle force (Delbono 2002) On the other hand, K+ channels are essential to both induce myogenesis and proliferation of muscle cells (Fischer-Lougheed et al 2001; Grande et al 2003) ... (McMurtry and Rosenthal 1995) Weight loss in geriatric patients is not unusual (Fig. 3) Of nursing home residents, 30–50% have substandard body weight and midarm muscle circumferences, and low...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... caspases−1, −3, −6, −8 and −9 substrates by proteases in skeletal muscles from mice undergoing cancer cachexia British Journal of Cancer, 84, 1135–1140 Muscle Wasting in Cancer and Ageing: Cachexia ... activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice Cell, 119, 285–298 Cannon, J G (1995) Cytokines in aging and muscle homeostasis The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, ... of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 291, R674–R683 Chandra, R K (1983) Nutrition, immunity, and infection: present knowledge and future ­ directions Lancet, 1, 688–691...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... type FInt and FF motor units compared to type S and FR units Muscle fiber size also varies across muscles, but within a muscle type IIx and IIb fibers are generally larger than type I and IIa fibers ... 2.1  Motor Unit and Muscle Fiber Type Classification Motor unit and muscle fiber type classification are concordant since they both relate to the mechanical and fatigue properties of muscle fibers ... area) of different muscle fiber and motor unit types Generally, type IIx and IIb fibers (type FInt and FF motor units) have greater specific force than type I and IIa fibers (type S and FR motor units)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... at all muscle fibers resulting in increased number of nerve terminal branches and greater complexity (Prakash and Sieck 1998; Courtney and Steinbach 1981; Andonian and Fahim 1989; Fahim and Robbins ... both rats and mice (Andonian and Fahim 1989; Fahim and Robbins 1982; Fahim et al 1983) In mice hind limb muscles, there are age-related reductions in the number and density of mitochondria and synaptic ... longus muscle compared to the soleus and diaphragm muscles of rats (Kelly and Robbins 1983; Rosenheimer and Smith 1985) In older animals, the extent of overlap between nerve terminals and motor...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... proposed by Krnjevic’ and Miledi (1958) and successfully used first by Edström and Kugelberg (1968), Burke et al (1971), Brandstater and Lambert (1969, 1973), and Doyle and Mayer (1969) After ... the elasticity of the muscle and the muscle tendons, patterns of motor unit recruitment, and activation of antagonist muscles Single fiber p ­ reparations, on the other hand, allow investigation ... tibialis anterior muscle The superficial part of the muscle is facing the top of the figure Motor units including type IIa, type IIx and IIb MyHC muscle fibers are identified by red, green and blue filled...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... muscle physiology to probe previously unexplored domains of muscle proteins, and to test and refine molecular models of muscle structure and function (reviewed in Thomas et al 2009) One method of ... 2.2  Molecular Basis of Muscle Contraction 2.2.1  Force Generation, Structural States of Myosin, and Myosin ATPase The basic process of muscle contraction is well understood and it is a result of ... unit between samples or after an intervention, even though muscle cross-sectional area may change 2.4  Muscle Plasticity Skeletal muscles and fibers are considered dynamic because they are capable...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... (18–22%) and myosin (43–50%) (Ingalls et  al 1998; Yates and Greaser 1983) However, since the interaction between actin and myosin in the muscle filament lattice also depends on other structural and ... changes in the interaction between muscle myosin and actin requires specific measurements of biochemical and structural properties of actin and myosin Purified actin and myosin can be used to determine ... Actomyosin Structure and Function 93 6  Oxidative Stress Age-related deterioration of muscle function may involve ‘damage’ of muscle p ­ roteins by reactive oxygen and nitrogen (ROS and NOS) species...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20

... oxidative stress and the skeletal muscle aging phenotype, comparison of damaged skeletal muscle proteins in two muscles, the soleus and semimembranosus, each composed of different skeletal muscle fiber ... energetics and contractility of permeabilized muscle fibers (Callahan et  al 2001) Age-related oxidative damage of myosin and actin are probably accumulating in muscle as a consequence of decreased muscle ... in skeletal muscle 7.4  Aging Skeletal Muscle Phenotype – Nitration and Skeletal Muscle Proteins One goal of global proteomic experiments in the field of aging is the identification and functional...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:20