methodological quality of systematic reviews of animal studies

... is then extracted on methodological quality and accuracy data ASSESSING QUALITY OF SELECTED STUDIES Test accuracy studies consist of non-randomised observational studies of defined populations ... accuracy studies (2, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29) The lack of consensus was clearly evident in a recent survey of test accuracy reviews found in Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness ... should include a comprehensive analysis of the methodological quality of primary studies These factors, together with characteristics and results of the studies, should be displayed in tabular...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... essentially made up of HR, in terms of technical quality, interpersonal quality and motivation with respect to EmOC The different categories of quality of care used to classify studies are not mutually ... perceptions of the quality of care This is reported in Tanzania in 2003, where the low rate of utilization of health centres providing EmOC is partially due to the poor perception of quality of care ... institutionalization of a culture of accountability, application of financial incentives and better career planning [33,34,54,59,60] Quality of care results Studies that addressed results of EmOC quality...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... sections of the following key journals were manually searched for relevant articles: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Chest, Quality of Life Research, and Health and Quality of ... the results of these studies may not be valid if careful translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ... assessing the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1998, 21(12):720-723 Chamla D: The assessment of patients' health-related quality of life during...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... sum of these scales To compute the Physical Component Summary scale, high positive weights are given to the scales of the physical aspects of quality of life and low negative weights to those of ... JF: Sujective assessments of comorbidity correlate with quality of life health outcomes: Initial validation of a comorbidity assessment instrument Health and Quality of life Outcomes 2005, 3:51 ... research studies as a potential confounder or as a predictor of study outcome [1,2] Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an outcome measure that is adversely affected by the presence of multimorbidity...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... Summary of primary and additional outcomes of all included studies Additional file 2: Summary of data of all included studies and feasibility for meta-analysis 14 15 Author details Department of Oral ... improve the quality of life of those who have experienced considerable tooth loss? J Dent 2001, 29:243-246 33 McGrath C, Bedi R: An evaluation of a new measure of oral health related quality of life–OHQoL-UK(W) ... known that the impact of disease on quality of life is highly variable, and thus, the impact of a treatment intervention will also vary An example of this is in the use of dental implants to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... using “Breast cancer”, Quality of life” and country name as descriptors Studies included 25 Figure Flow chart of process of systematic literature search Flow chart of systematic search and review ... HRQL [39] Methodological quality of the Studies The additional file provides the summary judgments for the predefined evaluation criteria Three of the studies were considered to be of poor quality ... Only one paper was evaluated of a fair quality [29] Nine were assessed of a moderate quality [18,22,26,30-32,34,38,40] Of the remaining studies, eleven were of a good quality [20,23-25,27,28,33,35-37,39]...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... Checklist-Civilian; POMS: Profile of Mood States; QLACS: Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors Scale; QLI-CV: Quality of Life Index-Cancer Version; QOL: Quality of Life; QOL-CS: Quality of Life-Cancer ... Checklist-Civilian; POMS = Profile of Mood States; QLACS = Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivor Scale; QLI-CV = Quality of Life Index-Cancer Version; QOL-CS = Quality of Life-Cancer Survivor SF-36 ... to studies in English language and the use of the English version of the QoL instrument The ACS’s definition of long-term survival (>5 years since diagnosis) was used [6]; studies of BCS of less...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... during the life of the project) Translation of a set of working notes into Vietnamese In Vietnam: 3) Delivery of workshops, which consisted of approximately one week’s preparation of laboratories ... nature of the teaching programmes, and by provision of audiovisual equipment plus a library of teaching material in compact disc format The aims of this project fits with AusAID country strategy of ... Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development have repeatedly nominated animal health as one of their priority areas 1.4 Implementation arrangements The project consisted of a series of training...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 13:20

... heterogeneity 10 Biotechnology - Molecular Studies and Novel Applications for Improved Quality of Human Life 4.2 The effects of CLA on the weights of body The results of studies done on the final body weight ... formation of glazing of struvite, carbonate of calcium and/or apatite, causing the formation of kidney stones In the South-west coast of India, a group of scientists studied 13 groups of marine ... of Transgenic Farm Animals” discusses the the drawbacks of using genetically modified animals for rapid muscling and the consequence of such use related to suffering of these animals from chronic...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 15:20

... Search of Consistency: Ethics and Animals Human Animal Studies Editor Kenneth Shapiro Animals and Society Institute Editorial Board Ralph Acampora, Hofstra University Clifford Flynn, University of ... protectionists, “[t]he heart of the concept of the intrinsic value of life is the claim that the value of an animal is not limited to an analysis of its usefulness to humans (The value of something that ... definition of what it is to be an animal reminds us of morally relevant similarities and can thereby help us in the process of determining our rightful moral relationship with the rest of the animal...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... doubt the existence of the minds of animals also gives us reason to doubt the existence of the minds of other humans We are faced with a choice between attributing mental states to animals and solipsism ... assessments of anymals is not surprising Another example of human partiality and hubris relates directly to ethics Humans have long assumed that only the human animal has a system of ethics In spite of ... scenes,” supporting a given point of view or attitude, even though most of us are unaware of our own worldview (Marietta 8) How often we say to ourselves, “Human life is of extreme value in my worldview,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... consideration of interests does not take account of my interests, or the interests of Australians, or of whites Equal consideration of interests requires us to move beyond personal or sectional points of ... The interests of any one individual are no more or less important than the interests of any other (Singer, Animal 5) Equal consideration of interests provides a basic principle of equality for ... difference in the amount of consideration we give to satisfying their needs and interests The principle of the equality of human beings is not a description of an alleged actual equality among humans:...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... death of individuals is necessary to the healthy maintenance of the whole: The death of individuals, often violently by predation, is necessary both for the health of species and the viability of ... Domestic animals are the creations of man There is thus something profoundly incoherent (and insensitive as well) in the complaint of some animal liberationists that the “natural behavior” of chickens ... in the biocentric outlook: “the conception of humans as members of the Earth’s Community of Life; the view of nature as a system of interdependence of which we, along with all other living things,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... and wild animals of the earth of every kind.” And it was so God made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of every kind, and everything that creeps upon the ground of every ... is the multitude of your sacrifices? says the Lord; I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fed beasts; I not delight in the blood of bulls or of lambs, or of he-goats.” Some ... have life, are all alike for animals, and all animals are for man Wherefore it is not unlawful if man use plants for the good of animals, and animals for the good of man, as the Philosopher states...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... needs of those animals that require protection from the exploitative ways of human beings The Book of Job speaks loudly against human-centered utilitarian assessments of creation The Book of Job ... another apotheosis of loyalty and self-surrender like that of Hanuman He is the Hindu ideal of the perfect servant, the servant who finds full realization of manhood, of faithfulness, of his obedience; ... to live lives of self-sacrificing service toward every aspect of creation This all-embracing love is exemplified by saints such as Therese of Lisieux and Julian of Norwich Therese of Lisieux saw...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... must rescue, from the terrors of birth, of old age, of sickness, of death and rebirth, of all kinds of moral offence, of all states of woe, of the whole cycle of birth-and-death from all these ... relationships of interdependence and dependence have moral corollaries, requiring on the part of humans due regard for the rights of nature, understood in light of the rights and purposes of God Animals, ... and his hope of mitigating the suffering of animals at the hands of human beings (Haq 147) Hadith reveal Mohammed wiping the mouth of his horse with his own personal cloth Portions of Hadith containing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... lives as more valuable from our point of view than the lives of mice from the points of view of the mice” or that of a puffin’s life from the point of view of a puffin (Vilkka 43) But we Other creatures ... continuation of hunted species—never mind the passing of the overhunted dodo bird from Mauritius (an Island east of Madagascar), the disappearance of the vast herds of buffalo from the Great Plains of the ... pain of the parents, and of the families of other babies that might have been saved with Baby Theresa’s body parts, for the sake of preserving her life for as long as possible Both plants and animals...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... suffering and the use of chemicals Diet The number of animals killed for fur in the U.S each year is approximately equal to the human population of Illinois The number of animals killed for experimentation ... The Animal Welfare Institute, fighting to keep these elephants out of Western zoos, notes that elephants, one of the longest-lived animals in the wilds, not live long in captivity due to lack of ... journalist who wrote Animal Underworld, documented zoos “looking to rid themselves of six hundred mammals, nearly four hundred reptiles, thousands of fish, hundreds of birds, and a variety of invertebrates”...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... interests of, 45 liberation of, 8, 281 morality of, 44, 84, 85 nonhuman, 10 other-than-human, 10 rights of, 7, 91, 93, 94 social behavior of, 83 superior to humans, 73 treatment of, 34 welfare of, ... Prentice-Hall, 1976 148–62 —— Animal Liberation 2nd ed London: Thorsons, 1991 —— Animal Liberation or Animal Rights?” Monist 70 (1987): 3–14 —— “Animals and the Value of Life.” Matters of Life and Death ... (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) Norfolk: PETA, 2005 “Curiosity Is Killing These Cats.” Pamphlet In Defense of Animals Mill Valley: In Defense of Animals No date Curtin, Deane “Dogen,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:23

... Summary of Included Studies and Sources of Studies: Included studies and where located within literature search Page of 10 Table 1: Summary of Included Studies and Sources of Studies: Included studies ... of rapid review approaches and systematic reviews, in a study of reporting characteristics of systematic reviews, Moher et al found that the quality of systematic reviews themselves are inconsistent, ... rapid reviews, it is not the only approach to methodological streamlining One of the concerns identified, in examining the methods of the exemplars, was a lack of quality assessment in some of these...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23