learning itgbased word alignment
Báo cáo khoa học: "Dealing with Spurious Ambiguity in Learning ITG-based Word Alignment" pdf
... a family of word alignment. Definition 1. The ITG alignment family is a set of word alignments that has at least one BTG deriva-tion.ITG alignment family is only a subset of word alignments because ... am-biguity in word alignment is the case where two ormore derivations d1, d2, dkof G have the sameunderlying word alignment A. A grammar G is non-spurious if for any given word alignment, ... Null -word Attachment AmbiguityDefinition 4. For any given sentence pair (e, f) andits alignment A, let (e, f) be the sentence pairswith all null-aligned words removed from (e, f).The alignment...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Word Alignment with Synonym Regularization" doc
... models into low-frequency word pairs in bilingual sentences, and then improved the word alignment performance. The SRH regardsall of the different words coupled with the same word in the synonym pairs ... sen-140Figure 1: Graphical model of HM-BiTAM alignment quality.2 Bilingual Word Alignment ModelIn this section, we review a conventional gener-ative word alignment model, HM-BiTAM (Zhaoand Xing, ... (fjn|En, ajn, zn; B ): sample atarget word fjngiven an aligned source word and topicwhere alignment ajn= i denotes source word eiand target word fjnare aligned. α is a parame-ter...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Learning Sub-Word Units for Open Vocabulary Speech Recognition" doc
... coherence.Hybrid word/ sub -word recognizers can produce asequence of sub -word units in place of OOV words.Ideally, the recognizer outputs a complete word forin-vocabulary (IV) utterances, and sub -word ... sub -word units can expand full-words, we refer toboth words and sub-words simply as units.2The model can also take multiple pronunciations (§3.1).713to phone models (Chen, 2003).Since sub-words ... recognize words beyond their vocab-ulary, many of which are information richterms, like named entities or foreign words.Hybrid word/ sub -word systems solve thisproblem by adding sub -word units...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Yet Another Word Alignment Tool" docx
... translationsby word alignment but also becaus e of such interfaceissues that aligning words manually has the reputa-tion of being a very tedious task.3 YawatYawat (Yet Another Word Alignment Tool) ... Ex-plorer.Figure 3: Alignment v isualization with Yawat. As the mouse is moved over a word, th e word and all words linkedwith it are highlighted. The highlighting is removed when the mouse leaves the word ... the term word alignment 1Yawat was first presented at the 2007 Linguistic Annota-tion Workshop (Germann, 2007).to refer to any form of alignment that identifies wordsor groups of words as...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Going Beyond AER: An Extensive Analysis of Word Alignments and Their Impact on MT" pdf
... improvements on word alignments(Ayan et al., 2005; Moore, 2005; Ittycheriah andRoukos, 2005; Taskar et al., 2005).The standard technique for evaluating word alignments is to represent alignments ... algorithms to generate word alignments. However, evaluating word alignmentsis difficult because even humans have difficultyperforming this task.The state-of-the art evaluation metric— alignment error ... pairs of words) and to compare the gen-erated alignment against manual alignment of thesame data at the level of links. Manual align-ments are represented by two sets: Probable (P )alignments...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Word Alignment with Conditional Random Fields" ppt
... model many-to-one word alignments,where each source word is aligned with zero orone target words, and therefore each target word can be aligned with many source words. Eachsource word is labelled ... one-to-many alignments, where each target word is aligned with zero or more source words.Many-to-many alignments are recoverable usingthe standard techniques for superimposing pre-dicted alignments ... null, denot-ing no alignment. An example word alignment is shown in Figure 1, where the hollow squaresand circles indicate the correct alignments. In thisexample the French words une and autre...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Finding Synonyms Using Automatic Word Alignment and Measures of Distributional Similarity" pdf
... automatic word alignment. Context vec-tors are built from the alignments found in a paral-lel corpus. Each aligned word type is a feature inthe vector of the target word under consideration.The alignment ... for the automatic word alignment described below.5.2.2 Alignment ContextContext vectors are populated with the links towords in other languages extracted from automatic word alignment. We applied ... the target word P(W) is the probability of seeing the word P(f) is the probability of seeing the featureP(W,f) is the probability of seeing the word and the featuretogether.3.3 Word Alignment The...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Word Alignment for Languages with Scarce Resources Using Bilingual Corpora of Other Language Pairs" pptx
... language word similarity of the Chinese word c and the Japanese word given the English word );,( efcsimfeFigure 1. Similarity Calculation English word e. For the ambiguous English word e, ... context word . ijctje 0=ijct if does not occur in Set i . je(4) Given the English word e, calculate the cross-language word similarity between the Chinese word and the Japanese word ... one for head words and the other for non-head words. Distortion Probability for Head Words The distortion probability for head words represents the relative position of the head word of the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Guiding Statistical Word Alignment Models With Prior Knowledge" pdf
... as 1.In building word alignment models, a special“NULL” word is usually introduced to address tar-get words that align to no source words. Since thisphysically non-existing word is not in the ... am1specifies the indices of source wordsthat target words are aligned to.In an HMM-based word alignment model, sourcewords are treated as Markov states while targetwords are observations that are ... generative word alignment models. Prior knowledge serves as softconstraints that shall be placed on translation lexi-con to guide word alignment model training and dis-ambiguation during Viterbi alignment...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Data Cleaning for Word Alignment" pdf
... areless than 20 percent.2 1 : n Word Alignment Our discussion of uni-directional alignments of word alignment is limited to IBM Model 4.Definition 1 (Word alignment task) Let eibethe i-th ... two word alignmentsas an alignment point, 2) add new alignment pointsthat exist in the union with the constraint that anew alignment point connects at least one previ-ously unaligned word, ... mechanism to aug-ment one source word into several source wordsor delete a source word, while a NULL insertionis a mechanism of generating several words fromblank words. Fertility uses a conditional...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Improved Discriminative Bilingual Word Alignment" pdf
... sums, for each word w, the number of wordsnot linked to w that fall between the first and lastwords linked to w. The other features counts onlysuch words that are linked to some word other thanw. ... havea function word not linked to anything, betweentwo words linked to the same word. exact match feature We have a feature thatsums the number of words linked to identicalwords. This is motivated ... association with respect to a word in asentence pair to be the number of association types (word- type to word- type) for that word that havehigher association scores, such that words of bothtypes occur...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Soft Syntactic Constraints for Word Alignment through Discriminative Training" pot
... im-proved alignments.2 Constrained Alignment Let an alignment be the complete structure thatconnects two parallel sentences, and a link beone of the word- to -word connections that makeup an alignment. ... to usea discriminative learning method to trainan ITG bitext parser.1 IntroductionGiven a parallel sentence pair, or bitext, bilin-gual word alignment finds word- to -word connec-tions across ... traditional word alignment techniques.Otherwise, the features remain the same,including distance features that measureabsj|E|−k|F |; orthographic features; word frequencies; common-word...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Boosting Statistical Word Alignment Using Labeled and Unlabeled Data" ppt
... methods for word alignment. In addition, we improve the word alignment results by combining the results of the two semi-supervised boost-ing methods. Experimental results on word alignment ... Statisti-cal Word Alignment. In Proc. of the 10th Machine Translation Summit, pages 313-320. Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Zhanyi Liu. 2005. Alignment Model Adaptation for Domain-Specific Word Alignment. ... train the alignment models with unlabeled data. A question about word alignment is whether we can further improve the performances of the word aligners with available data and available alignment...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Tailoring Word Alignments to Syntactic Machine Translation" docx
... VBNNNSDTAUXThejobsarecareeroriented.lesemploissontaxéssurlacarrière..LegendCorrect proposed word alignment consistent with human annotation.Proposed word alignment error inconsistent with human annotation. Word alignment constellation that renders ... word alignment. This dependenceruns deep; for example, Galley et al. (2006) requires word alignments to project trees from the target lan-guage to the source, while Chiang (2005) requiresalignments ... compat-ibility with the word alignment. For a constituent cof t, we consider the set of source words scthat arealigned to c. If none of the source words in the lin-ear closure s∗c(the words between...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Domain Adaptation with Active Learning for Word Sense Disambiguation" pdf
... noun.3 Active Learning For our experiments, we use naive Bayes as the learning algorithm. The knowledge sources we useinclude parts-of-speech, local collocations, and sur-rounding words. These ... NounsThe WordNet Domains resource (Magnini andCavaglia, 2000) assigns domain labels to synsets inWordNet. Since the focus of the WSJ corpus is onbusiness and financial news, we can make use ofWordNet ... IntroductionIn natural language, a word often assumes differentmeanings, and the task of determining the correctmeaning, or sense, of a word in different contextsis known as word sense disambiguation...
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- flow network models for word alignment
- improving bitext word alignments
- improving domainspecific word alignment
- word alignment using labeled
- word alignment in englishhindi parallel corpus
- an extensive analysis of word alignments
- optimizing word alignment combination
- yet another word alignment tool
- web by word alignment
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