improving domainspecific word alignment

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... models into low-frequency word pairs in bilingual sentences, and then improved the word alignment performance. The SRH regards all of the different words coupled with the same word in the synonym pairs ... sen- 140 Figure 1: Graphical model of HM-BiTAM alignment quality. 2 Bilingual Word Alignment Model In this section, we review a conventional gener- ative word alignment model, HM-BiTAM (Zhao and Xing, ... (f j n |E n , a j n , z n ; B ): sample a target word f j n given an aligned source word and topic where alignment a j n = i denotes source word e i and target word f j n are aligned. α is a parame- ter...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... translations by word alignment but also becaus e of such interface issues that aligning words manually has the reputa- tion of being a very tedious task. 3 Yawat Yawat (Yet Another Word Alignment Tool) ... Ex- plorer. Figure 3: Alignment v isualization with Yawat. As the mouse is moved over a word, th e word and all words linked with it are highlighted. The highlighting is removed when the mouse leaves the word ... the term word alignment 1 Yawat was first presented at the 2007 Linguistic Annota- tion Workshop (Germann, 2007). to refer to any form of alignment that identifies words or groups of words as...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... improvements on word alignments (Ayan et al., 2005; Moore, 2005; Ittycheriah and Roukos, 2005; Taskar et al., 2005). The standard technique for evaluating word alignments is to represent alignments ... algorithms to generate word alignments. However, evaluating word alignments is difficult because even humans have difficulty performing this task. The state-of-the art evaluation metric— alignment error ... pairs of words) and to compare the gen- erated alignment against manual alignment of the same data at the level of links. Manual align- ments are represented by two sets: Probable (P ) alignments...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:21

... model many-to-one word alignments, where each source word is aligned with zero or one target words, and therefore each target word can be aligned with many source words. Each source word is labelled ... one-to-many alignments, where each target word is aligned with zero or more source words. Many-to-many alignments are recoverable using the standard techniques for superimposing pre- dicted alignments ... null, denot- ing no alignment. An example word alignment is shown in Figure 1, where the hollow squares and circles indicate the correct alignments. In this example the French words une and autre...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:21

... automatic word alignment. Context vec- tors are built from the alignments found in a paral- lel corpus. Each aligned word type is a feature in the vector of the target word under consideration. The alignment ... for the automatic word alignment described below. 5.2.2 Alignment Context Context vectors are populated with the links to words in other languages extracted from automatic word alignment. We applied ... the target word P(W) is the probability of seeing the word P(f) is the probability of seeing the feature P(W,f) is the probability of seeing the word and the feature together. 3.3 Word Alignment The...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... language word similarity of the Chinese word c and the Japanese word given the English word );,( efcsim f e Figure 1. Similarity Calculation English word e. For the ambiguous English word e, ... context word . ij ct j e 0 = ij ct if does not occur in Set i . j e (4) Given the English word e , calculate the cross-language word similarity between the Chinese word and the Japanese word ... one for head words and the other for non-head words. Distortion Probability for Head Words The distortion probability for head words represents the relative position of the head word of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... as 1. In building word alignment models, a special “NULL” word is usually introduced to address tar- get words that align to no source words. Since this physically non-existing word is not in the ... a m 1 specifies the indices of source words that target words are aligned to. In an HMM-based word alignment model, source words are treated as Markov states while target words are observations that are ... generative word alignment models. Prior knowledge serves as soft constraints that shall be placed on translation lexi- con to guide word alignment model training and dis- ambiguation during Viterbi alignment...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... a family of word alignment. Definition 1. The ITG alignment family is a set of word alignments that has at least one BTG deriva- tion. ITG alignment family is only a subset of word alignments because ... am- biguity in word alignment is the case where two or more derivations d 1 , d 2 , d k of G have the same underlying word alignment A. A grammar G is non- spurious if for any given word alignment, ... Null -word Attachment Ambiguity Definition 4. For any given sentence pair (e, f) and its alignment A, let (e  , f  ) be the sentence pairs with all null-aligned words removed from (e, f). The alignment...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... are less than 20 percent. 2 1 : n Word Alignment Our discussion of uni-directional alignments of word alignment is limited to IBM Model 4. Definition 1 (Word alignment task) Let e i be the i-th ... two word alignments as an alignment point, 2) add new alignment points that exist in the union with the constraint that a new alignment point connects at least one previ- ously unaligned word, ... mechanism to aug- ment one source word into several source words or delete a source word, while a NULL insertion is a mechanism of generating several words from blank words. Fertility uses a conditional...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... sums, for each word w, the number of words not linked to w that fall between the first and last words linked to w. The other features counts only such words that are linked to some word other than w. ... have a function word not linked to anything, between two words linked to the same word. exact match feature We have a feature that sums the number of words linked to identical words. This is motivated ... association with respect to a word in a sentence pair to be the number of association types (word- type to word- type) for that word that have higher association scores, such that words of both types occur...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... bilin- gual word alignment finds word- to -word connec- tions across languages. Originally introduced as a byproduct of training statistical translation models in (Brown et al., 1993), word alignment ... im- proved alignments. 2 Constrained Alignment Let an alignment be the complete structure that connects two parallel sentences, and a link be one of the word- to -word connections that make up an alignment. ... traditional word alignment techniques. Otherwise, the features remain the same, including distance features that measure abs  j |E| − k |F |  ; orthographic features; word frequencies; common-word...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... methods for word alignment. In addition, we improve the word alignment results by combining the results of the two semi-supervised boost- ing methods. Experimental results on word alignment ... Statisti- cal Word Alignment. In Proc. of the 10 th Machine Translation Summit, pages 313-320. Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Zhanyi Liu. 2005. Alignment Model Adaptation for Domain-Specific Word Alignment. ... train the alignment models with unlabeled data. A question about word alignment is whether we can further improve the performances of the word aligners with available data and available alignment...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... VBN NNS DT AUX The jobs are career oriented . les emplois sont axés sur la carrière . . Legend Correct proposed word alignment consistent with human annotation. Proposed word alignment error inconsistent with human annotation. Word alignment constellation that renders ... word alignment. This dependence runs deep; for example, Galley et al. (2006) requires word alignments to project trees from the target lan- guage to the source, while Chiang (2005) requires alignments ... compat- ibility with the word alignment. For a constituent c of t, we consider the set of source words s c that are aligned to c. If none of the source words in the lin- ear closure s ∗ c (the words between...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... language word. is expressed as follows: a word qualifies for clus- tering if As before, are all the target language words that cooccur with source language word . Similarly to the most frequent words, ... contain one word. Then the similarity score of the merged cluster will be the similarity score of the word pair. 2. Merge a cluster that contains a single word and a cluster that contains words and ... the -word cluster, av- eraged with the similarity scores between the single word and all words in the cluster. This means that the algorithm computes the similar- ity score between the single word...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... optimal alignment. Section 2 describes the clue alignment model and ways of estimating parameters from associ- ation scores. Section 3 introduces the alignment approach which is based on word alignment ... therefore, they can be dismissed in the alignment process. 3 Clue Alignment Word alignment clues as described above can be used to model the relations between words of translated texts. Parameters ... information. Word alignment approaches focus on the automatic identification of translation relations in translated texts. Alignments are usu- ally represented as a set of links between words and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20