... of set domain relational calculus used in TQA then provides a basis for either taking the initiative in automat- ically printing these implicitly requested values or for engaging in a dialog ... parcels in subplan- ning area 410?" 53 THEORETICAL/TECHNICAL ISSUESINNATURALLANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES S. R. Petrick IBM T.J. Watson Research Center INTRODUCTION In responding to ... second NP dominates the string "WARD 1 BLOCK 2". The feature + UNIT on a node that dominates PARKING SPACE is not found in the corresponding structure involving PARKINGLOT, and this...
... ISSUESINNATURALLANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES FROM A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE David H D Warren Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA I INTRODUCTION ... shall discuss issuesinnaturallanguage (NL) access to databases in the light of an experimental NL questlon-answering system, Chat, which I wrote with Fernando Perelra at Edinburgh University, ... within the English subset are answered in well under one second, including queries which involve taking Joins between relations having of the order of a thousand tuples. A disadvantage of much...
... chaining Inferencer Is then called to generate any ~nown preconditions for the act INGEST. The primary precondition (causative inference) for drinking is that the person doing the drinking ... establishing containment, since wine is known to be OUTPUTFROM bottles but bottles are not always assumed to hold wine. Another inference made during the initial analysis finds the ... completes the linking of tne causal chain between tne events described in the sentence. Second, it causes the filling of empty slots appearing in either the enabled act or In the enabling act, wherever...
... in is interpreted as an entire nucleus, complete with consequent state, for by definition the consequent state includes whatever other events were contingent upon Harry walking in, including ... points or culminations, they can be used to describe extended events such as our processes, in terms of a pair identifying their start- ing point and to the point at which they stop (in ... culmination (in the case of culminated processes). This means that a process expression like John ran will introduce two events, one indicating the start of the pro- cess and one indicating...
... Algorithm for Incremental Singular ValueDecomposition inNaturalLanguage ProcessingGenevieve GorrellDepartment of Computer and Information ScienceLink¨oping University581 83 LINK¨OPINGSwedengengo@ida.liu.seAbstractAn ... sys-tem has seen dur ing training, it will invari-ably see something new at ru n-time in a do-main of any complexity. Any approach to au-tomatic naturallanguage processing will en-counter ... natu-ral language problems involve sparse matrices,since there are many words in a natural lan-guage and the great majority do not appear in, for example, any one document. Domains in which...
... toboosting. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Interna-tional Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Hinrich Sch¨utze. 1992. Dimensions of meaning. In Proceedings of Supercomputing, pages ... previously seen instances bycounting the number of feature values that the twoinstances had in common. In computing the similarity score, featureswere weighted by their information gain, an in- formation ... memory-based learning methodThe order of prenominal adjectives in naturallanguage generationRobert MaloufAlfa InformaticaRijksuniversiteit GroningenPostbus 7169700 AS GroningenThe Netherlandsmalouf@let.rug.nlAbstractThe...
... instructions found mainly in the cooking domain. The example used by Karlin is (4). Steam for g minutes or until the mussels (4) open. Karlin asserts that 'the meaning of sentences in ... all processes in the cooking domain must have culminations. The validity of this approach is dis- cussed in the next section. However, before doing that we examine Karlin's final class, ... 1988. [3] Karlin, Robin "Defining the semantics of ver- bal modifiers in the domain of cooking tasks." Proc. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Buffalo...
... structural parallel (e.g. X in front of Y, Y in front of Z). We are currently investigating ways to make this kind of structural parallel visible within r-specs and still maintain them as a concise ... that, accordingly, language generation entails a plannin~ process, selecting among these effects according to the desired outcome. As of the beginning of February 1982, the initial version ... guaranteeing not only that it will be included in the first r-spec, but that it will be the dominant atom in that r-spec. Another rule (in the Elaborate packet), proposes including the color...
... time. We discuss issues of achieving compatibility between these disparate resources. 1 NL Engine Natural language processing in the Unisys natural language understanding (NLU) system (Dahl, ... Hypothesizing case frame information for new verbs. In "Principles and Prediction: The Analysis of Natural Language& quot;, M. Eid and G. Iverson, eds., John Benjamin Publishing Co., ... WordNet. International Journal of Lexicography. Sager N. (1981) NaturalLanguage Information Processing. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 399 p. word conc~t word gunpoint C ~_ muzzle<mouth...
... that any interval contains an infinite number of points creates a special problem for the representation of temporal information in databases. Typically, information about a tlme-varying attribute ... within a common framework, both concepts defined with respect to points in time and concepts defined with respect to intervals. The location of an object is defined relative to a point; ... counting and totaling that must be invoked for answering "how much" or "how many" questions. The mapping between a natural- language question and the corresponding database...
... Washington, 1972. 12. Clark, H.H. Bridging. Theoretical Issuesin Natural Language Processing, 1975, pp. 169-174. 13. Finin, T.W. The Semantic Interpretation of Nominal Compounds. Proceedings ... /an- guages in order to focus on formally specifying domains and using ~hat specification inlanguage processing rather than on defining new domain- independent representation languages. A ... deriving as many entities as possible using operators in the intensionai logic. In this section we illustrate this point by showing how definitely referenced sets, information about kinds, in- ...
... difference in the adequacy of the parsings of natural- language sentences will be alterations of the format itself in terms of in- creasing the degree of context-sensitivity. This in effect ... program will contain a set of self-contained and interchangeable subroutines designed to perform individual functions. The subroutines will be of two kinds: analytic sub- routines, the purpose ... pertinent in the case of a grammar having sufficient context-sensitivity to serve the needs of syn- tactic recognition adequate for the machine translation of natural languages. a) Since...
... therefore, requires a finer grain substation method than simply inserting the highest level non-terminals in the in the ellipsed input in place of the matching non-terminals in the parse tree ... listed in the preceding section was underscored by an empirical study we conducted to ascertain the most pressing needs of natural language interfaces in interactive apl~lications, The initial ... "Developing a NaturalLanguage Interface to Complex Data," SRI International, 1976. 11. Hendrix, G. G., "The LIFER Manual: A guide to Building Practical NaturalLanguage Interfaces,"...