ionic liquids as doping agents in microwave assisted reactions

... of varying concentrations with the units of mM While a dose-dependent increase in signal intensity is seen in the T1 measurements, a dosedependent decrease in signal intensity is observed in the ... T2), leading to a negative contrast or a darkening of the image For T1 measurements, the inversion recovery pulse sequence was used In this pulse sequence, the relaxation of nuclear spins in the ... particles as potential spin-lattice relaxation process [T1] and spin-spin relaxation process [T2] contrast agent in MRI We studied the T1 and T2 relaxations of hydrogen protons in water molecules in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... APAP APR AST ATP TTP BSA BTI CAT Apoptosis-inducing factor Alkaline phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase Activating protein-1 Acetaminophen (paracetamol) Acute phase response Aspartate aminotransferase ... TNF- TNFR1 TP Interleukin Inducible nitric oxide synthase Insulin, transferrin, selenium c-Jun-N-terminal kinase Liver function test Lipid peroxidation Mitogen activated protein kinase Monochlorobimane ... Proteins Removal the source of injury Healing and repair injury Maintain homeostasis Figure Acute phase response and induction of acute-phase protein expression by TNF- cytokines and IL6 cytokines...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:21

... paths involving charge-separated intermediates or transition states [16] For instance, polymer gels based on ionic liquids have been developed into mainly three types: doping polymers in ionic liquids ... ionic liquids as an alternative for volatile organic solvents in membrane fabrication is quite an interesting and promising field To understand fundamental mechanisms of using ionic liquids as ... membranes through in situ polymerization in imidazolium-based ionic liquids followed by the removal of ionic liquids which behaved as the porogen Fuel cell membranes consisting of ionic liquids [40]...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:29

... synthesized in 1951 [1], an alkylpyridinium based salt (N-ethylpyridinium bromidealuminium chloride) However, it was not until the discovery of the 1,3dialkylimidazolium based ionic liquids in 1982 ... with running buffer and the sample is introduced by dipping one end into the sample and applying an electric field (electrokinetic injection) or by applying gas pressure (hydrodynamic injection) ... Research was carried out in the early 1980s on IL feasibility as reaction media and it has attracted industrial interest from late 1990s Chapter Industrial chemical syntheses usually take place in liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... tris(hydroxymethyl)aminoethane INTRODUCTION Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts remaining as liquids under ambient temperatures Since the rst reports on performing biotransformations in ILs,1,2 interests in using 18 IONIC ... APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN BIOTRANSFORMATIONS Pablo Domớnguez de Marớa and Christina Kohlmann 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Ionic Liquids as Additives in Biotransformations 8.3 Ionic Liquids for Coating Enzymes: ... Ammonium Ionic Liquids Other Abbreviations 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Ionic Liquids, Water, and Proteins 2.2.1 Ionic Nature of Ionic Liquids 2.2.2 Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids 2.2.3 Water Present in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids 339 Whole-cell Systems and Enzymes other than Lipases in Ionic Liquids 339 Lipases in Ionic Liquids 342 Conclusions and Outlook 345 Outlook 348 Index 356 Ionic Liquids ... Reactions and Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Ionic Liquids 174 Stoichiometric Organic Reactions 175 Molten salts as reagents 175 Reactions in chloroaluminate(III) and related ionic liquids 177 Reactions ... publications concerning ionic liquids as a function of time, as determined using SciFinder Preface Robin’s response is insightful It reflects, in part, the burgeoning growth of papers in this area...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:05

... [25], has been demonstrated to potently inhibit the growth of neuroectodermal tumors, such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma cell lines [26] as well as several human carcinoma ... cells in 96 well plates The following day cells were stained for 10 minutes in medium containing JC-1 at the final concentration of 50 μg/ml After removal of JC-1, a new medium containing the ... cells - Annexin V binding assay Based on the phenomenon that phospholipids (PS) are exposed during apoptosis and on the ability of annexin V to bind to PS with high affinity, we used annexin V to...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... ranging from to 60 The fructosyl units are linked by (21) Ionic Liquids in Catalytic Biomass Transformation 19 linkages with the glucose as the terminating unit of the polymer chain [38] Inulins ... these main areas of interest though, RTILs are finding their way into many other fields One of timely international interest is utilization of biomass as nonpetroleum-based fuels and as bio-renewable ... anionic components continues to grow at a rapid rate This volume, which is the second in a two volume set on ionic liquids, focuses on applications of ionic liquids in a growing range of areas...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... application of ultrasound irradiation in enhancing lipase activity in the synthesis of sugar ester using ionic liquids was investigated In the lipase-catalyzed esterifications of glucose with vinyl laurate ... could be obtained after times reuse of Novozym 435 in the mixture, compared to pure [Bmim][TfO] The difference may be drastically increased by increasing the reaction time and the increasing the number ... esters by using lipase-catalyzed esterification with fatty acids in ionic liquids mixtures by using supersaturated sugar solution with the combination of ultrasound irradiation was investigated...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2015, 03:24

... describe microwave- assisted switching in a single domain particle of spherical shape, while neglecting the effects of other effects in real systems such as domain interactions and spin wave dynamics ... was being faced by LMR To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with increasing areal densities, the number of grains per bit has to increase In LMR, this requires a reduction in the grain ... L1o-phase FePt the material of choice as PMR media, and as BPM in the future 23 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.5 Energy -assisted recording Energy -assisted recording is a new class of recording...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:30

... ble Instill basic discipline into workforce activities Compensation Training Per formance management Staffing Communication Work environment Initial ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, ... Part-time involvement may be inevitable Skills such as UI design and hardware interfacing are in short supply Recent graduates may not have specific skills but may be a way of introducing new skills ... This may provide an indicator of the basic fundamentals that the candidate should know and of their ability to learn This factor becomes increasingly irrelevant as engineers gain experience across...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2012, 11:41

... Int J Med Sci 2009, 219 Introduction Chemotherapy, including novel antineoplastic agents, is becoming increasingly effective for cancer and is performed widely, but adverse drug reactions ... there was inflammatory cell infiltration (Grades 1-3) in the proximal part of the vein in all animals and in the distal part of the vein in of the animals Edema (Grades 1-3) was found in the ... the ear vein were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin Histopathological evaluation was performed by a single observer who was blinded to the treatment of the specimen, and the findings were...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... Summary…………………………………………………………………30 CHAPTER III: Intonation as a cohesive device in narrative discourse……………….31 I Introduction…………………………………………………………………………31 II Intonation as a mean of cohesive device in “The Perfect Man” ... Crystal, D 1992 Introduction to Linguistics London: Penguin Georgakopoulou, A and Goutsos, D 1997 Discourse Analysis: An introduction Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Halliday, M, and Hasan, R 1976 ... Some basic functions of intonation……….……………… 19 III.3.2.2.2 Some communicative function of tones……….………… 20 CHAPTER II: Grammatical means as cohesive devices in narrative discourse…………21 I Introduction………………………………………………………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:02

... commands such as ftp, print, and mail Commands like list files and Internet services such as Finger and Netfind4 are used as a kind of sensors to find information Internally, a least-commitment ... available in a given organisation: it is in charge of retrieving scientific and administrative data, performing some classes of actions (such as finding available printers) and supporting the user in ... handling of their "electronic financial affairs" Intelligent agents can assist in electronic commerce in a number of ways Agents can "go shopping" for a user, taking specifications and returning...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 13:20

... regions in English When you say something you can not say without some kind of intonation, even a monotone can be classed as a kind of intonation Intonation is integral in speech III.2 Tone vs intonation ... exist for linking something with what has gone before Since this linking is achieved through relations in meaning (we are excluding from consideration the effect of formal devices such as syntactic ... with rising tone as the Dr Pitch was not sure and he wanted to ask Answering the question, Jean uses the falling tone to definitely affirm in contrast with what Dr Fitch said before The falling tone...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... and conjunction function in particular become cohesive devices in narrative discourse How prosodic means in general and intonation in particular become a cohesive device in narrative discourse ... The linguists has discussed and given various concept about how intonation and grammatical means as cohesive devices in narrative discourse SCOPE OF THE STUDY AIMS OF THE STUDY CONTENTS • Introduction ... focus on the grammatical means and intonation as cohesive devices in the film “The Perfect Man” on HBO channel METHODS OF THE STUDY Major method: inductive method Minor method: analytic method Technique:...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... disease To reach in amed sites, neutrophils traverse various barriers, including the endothelium, basement membrane (intestine) ⁄ interstitium (lung) and epithelium, in response to localized in ammatory ... bacterial infection This work has led to the current paradigm that intestinal epithelial cells respond to luminal pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, by releasing distinctive pro -in ammatory ... across the intestinal epithelium [1–4] More specifically, S typhimurium–intestinal epithelial cell interactions induce the epithelial release of the potent neutrophil chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... (nonspecific binding) [37] Following this incubation the medium was aspirated and the cells were washed twice with HBSS containing 5% (v/w) bovine serum albumin followed by two washes in HBSS Cells ... maintained in medium containing 0.5 mgÆmL)1 G-418 Both cell lines were kindly provided by Dr M Krieger (MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA) Binding studies Binding studies of human HDL3 to choriocarcinoma ... [46–48] Thus, in most cases, choriocarcinoma has the appearance of trophoblast, being predominantly syncytiotrophoblastic or cytotrophoblastic Some cytotrophoblastic choriocarcinomas secrete little...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20