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TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT……………… .i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGE………………………………………………………………………… iii LIST OF INTONATION SYMBOLS………………………………………………………iv Part I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………1 I. Rationale for thesis…………………………………………………………………….2 II. Aims and objectives…… .……………………………………………………………3 III. Scope of the study…………………………………………………………………… 3 IV. Methodology………………………………………………………………………… 3 V. Structure of the thesis………………………………………………………………….3 Part II: DEVELOPMENT………………………………………………………………… .4 CHAPTER I: Theoretical background and literature review …… …………………… .5 I. Literature review……………………………………………………………………….5 II. Theoretical background II.1 Discourse………………………………………………………………… .………….5 II.1.1 What is discourse? .5 II.1.2 Discourse and text……………………………………………………………….6 II.1.3 Narrative discourse………………………………………………………………8 II.2 Cohesion in English……………………………………………………………… … 9 II.2.1 What is cohesion? 9 II.2.2 Cohesion and coherence…………….…………………………………… … .10 II.2.3 Cohesion and discourse…….………………………………………… ………12 II.2.4 Cohesive devices…………….………………………………… …………… 13 II.2.4.1 Lexical cohesion…………………………….……………… ………13 II.2.4.2 Grammatical cohesion ………….………………………………… .14 . II.2.4.2.1 Reference………………….…………………………… ….14 II.2.4.2.2 Ellipsis ……………….………………………………… 15 II.2.4.2.3 Substitution…………………….… ……………………… 15 II.2.4.2.4 Conjunction……….……………….……………………… 16 II.3 Intonation in English ……………… ……………………… ………………… … 16 II.3.1 Definition………… …………….…………………………… …………… .16 II.3.2 Tone vs. Intonation…….…… ………………………………………… … 17 III.3.2.1 Parameters……….…………………………………………… … .17 III.3.2.2 Functions…………………….………………………………… ….19 III.3.2.2.1 Some basic functions of intonation……….……………… 19 III.3.2.2.2 Some communicative function of tones……….………… .20 CHAPTER II: Grammatical means as cohesive devices in narrative discourse…………21 I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 21 II. Grammatical means as cohesive devices in “The Perfect man” on HBO…………21 II.1 Reference…………………………………………………………………… .21 II.1.1 Personal reference……………………………………………………….22 II.1.2 Demonstrative reference……………………………………………… .24 II.1.3 Comparative reference………………………………………………… 26 II.2 Substitution……………………………………………………………………26 II.2.1 Nominal substitution…………………………………………………….26 II.2.2 Verbal substitution…………………………………………………… 27 II.2.3 Clausal substitution…………………………………………………… .28 II.3 Ellipsis……………………………………………………………………… .28 II.3.1 Clausal ellipsis………………………………………………………… 28 II.3.2 Verbal ellipsis………………………………………………………… .28 II.3.3 Nominal ellipsis…………………………………………………………29 II.4 Conjunction……………………………………………………………… .29 II.4.1 Additive conjunction…………………………………………………30 II.4.2 Adversative conjunction…………………………………………… .30 II.4.3 Causal conjunction………………………………………………… .30 II.4.4 Temporal conjunction……………………………………………… 30 III. Summary…………………………………………………………………30 CHAPTER III: Intonation as a cohesive device in narrative discourse……………….31 I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………31 II. Intonation as a mean of cohesive device in “The Perfect Man” on HBO………… 31 I.1 The Glide down…………………………………………………………………31 I.2 The Glide up…………………………………………………………………….33 I.3 The Take-off…………………………………………………………………….35 I.4 The Dive……………………………………………………………………… .36 III. Summary……….………………………………………………………………… .37 Part III: CONCLUSION……….……………………………………………………… 38 I. Recapitulation………………………………………………………………………39 II. Concluding remarks……………………………………………………………… .39 III. Suggestions for further studies…………………………………………………… 40 REFERENCES APPENDIX REFERENCES Brown, G. & Yule, G. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brazil, D. 1997. The Communicative Value of Intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cook, G. 1989. Discourse. London: Oxford University Press. Coulthard, M. 1977. An introduction to Discourse Analysis. Harlow (Essex): Longman. Crystal, D. 1992. Introduction to Linguistics. London: Penguin Georgakopoulou, A. and Goutsos, D. 1997. Discourse Analysis: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Halliday, M, and Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. New York: Longman Group Limited. Halliday, M. 1992. Spoken and Written language. London: Eddward Arnorld. Nunan, D. 1993. Itroducing Discourse Analysic. Penguin English. Ky, Nguyen Huy. 2006. Ngu Dieu Tieng Anh o Nguoi Viet. Hanoi: Information and Culture Publishing House. O'Connor, J.D. & G. K Arnold. 1973. Intonation of Colloquial English. London: Longman. O'Connor, J.D. 1967. Better English Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swales, J.M. (1990). Genre Analysis. London: Cambridge University Press. Tench, P. 1996. The intonational system of English. New York” Wellington House. Widdowson, H. 1997. Exploration in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Websites: HTTP://ITESLJ.ORG/TECHNIQUES/CELIK-INTONATION.HTML http://en.wilipedia. Org/wili/Intonation . CHAPTER II: Grammatical means as cohesive devices in narrative discourse ………21 I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..21 II. Grammatical means as. 1997. Discourse Analysis: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Halliday, M, and Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. New York: Longman