ionic liquids in synthesis

[...]... 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.4 Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids 336 Introduction 336 Biocatalytic Reactions and their Special Needs 336 Examples of Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids 339 Whole-cell Systems and Enzymes other than Lipases in Ionic Liquids 339 Lipases in Ionic Liquids 342 Conclusions and Outlook 345 9 Outlook 8 348 Index 356 Ionic Liquids in Synthesis Edited by Peter Wasserscheid, Thomas... growth of papers in this area (see Figure 1) combined with the inevitable (and welcomed) rise in new researchers entering the area However, with increasing activity comes the inevitable increasing “garbage” factor In recent years we have (unfortunately) seen papers reporting physical data on ionic liquids that were demonstrably impure, liquids reported as solids and solids reported as liquids because... (Electronic) 1 Introduction John S Wilkes Ionic liquids may be viewed as a new and remarkable class of solvents, or as a type of materials that have a long and useful history In fact, ionic liquids are both, depending on your point of view It is absolutely clear though, that whatever ionic liquids are, there has been an explosion of interest in them Entries in Chemical Abstracts for the term ionic liquids ... completely ionic In reality, most ionic liquids in the literature that meet our present definition are also liquids at room temperature The melting temperature of many ionic liquids can be problematic, since they are notorious glass-forming materials It is a common experience to work with a new ionic liquid for weeks or months to find one day that it has crystallized unexpectedly The essential feature that ionic. .. chloroaluminate ionic liquids Since then there has been a continuous molten salts /ionic liquids research program at the Air Force Academy, with only three principal investigators: King, John Wilkes (Figure 1.2), and Richard Carlin Even though the LiCl/KCl eutectic mixture has a low melting temperature (355 °C) for an inorganic salt, the temperature causes materials problems inside the battery, and incompatibilities... to near 0 °C can also reduce the amount of ionic liquid lost The final product was purified by stirring with activated charcoal followed by passing through an alumina column, as described in the previous paragraph This process was reported to give final yields in the region of 70–80 %, and was used to prepare ionic liquids containing a 2.1 Synthesis of Ionic Liquids wide variety of anions ([PF6]–, [SbF6]–,... purity of ionic liquids is also an area of increasing interest as the nature of their interactions with different solutes comes under study, so the methods used for the purification of ionic liquids are also reviewed The aim is to provide a summary for new researchers in the area, pointing to the best preparative methods, and the potential pitfalls, as well as helping established researchers to refine the... illustrated in Figure 2.1-1, although low melting point salts based on other cations, such as complex polycationic amines [4] and heterocycle-containing drugs [5], have also been prepared The synthesis of ionic liquids can generally be split into two sections: the formation of the desired cation, and anion exchange where necessary to form the desired product (demonstrated for ammonium salts in Scheme 2.1-1) In. .. that incremental improvement is good, it is hoped that by focusing on a green agenda, new technologies can be developed that truly are not only better technologically, but are cleaner, cheaper, and safer as well.” Figure 1: The rise in publications concerning ionic liquids as a function of time, as determined using SciFinder Preface Robin’s response is insightful It reflects, in part, the burgeoning... 3-527-30515-7 (Hardback); 3-527-60070-1 (Electronic) 2 Synthesis and Purification of Ionic Liquids James H Davis, Jr., Charles M Gordon, Claus Hilgers, and Peter Wasserscheid 2.1 Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Charles M Gordon 2.1.1 Introduction Despite the ever-growing number of papers describing the applications of ionic liquids, their preparation and purification has in recent years taken on an air of “need to . 29 2.2.6 Future Price of Ionic Liquids 30 2.2.7 Intellectual Property Aspects Regarding Ionic Liquids 31 2.3 Synthesis of Task-specific Ionic Liquids 33 Ionic Liquids in Synthesis . Edited by Peter. publications concerning ionic liquids as a function of time, as determined using SciFinder. XIII Preface Robin’s response is insightful. It reflects, in part, the burgeoning growth of papers in this area. of ionic liquids, in a manner designed to enable the tyro reader to feel confident in using them, and the expert to add to their understanding. This is the first book to Ionic Liquids in Synthesis .