hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... H 2 DCFDA dye. Cells were cul- tured for 6 h in 111, 4.4, 1.1 and 0 m M glucose, or precultivated in 1.1 mM glucose for 16 h prior to the switch to 0 mM glucose medium for 6 h (rightmost image). Micrographs ... 2.2 and 1.7 mm glucose conditions: the second division doubling time was approximately 7 h for 2.2 mm glucose and 4–48 h for 1.7 mm glucose. Nondividing cells were scarce in 2.2 mm glucose, but plentiful ... that take up glucose from blood: 4.4 mm glucose is a pre-breakfast level in human blood. The reduction in cell size might at least partly explain the short doubling time in low glucose. The 33%...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... individual samples designated for processing for agricultural pesticides, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and the YES assay. The procedures used for preparing SPMD samples for analysis were similar ... others (in press). Hormones Four common natural and synthetic hormones were targeted in this study. Extracts selected for hormone analy- sis required derivatization of the hormones to facilitate ... with the Friends of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River Investigation of Organic Chemicals Potentially Responsible for Mortality and Intersex in Fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... except for UDP-GlcNAc acyltransferase, responsible for lipid A biosynthesis in M. catarrhalis, have been identified. By bioinformatics, two late acyltrans- ferase genes, lpxX and lpxL, responsible for ... m HCl at 80 °C for 18 h. The FAMEs were recovered into the organic phase by three-fold extraction with 50% NaCl ⁄ chloroform (1 : 1 v ⁄ v). A new volume of chloroform was used for each of the ... LpxM is responsible for the addition of a secondary myristate (C14:0) chain at the 3Â-position of lipid A [36,37]. In H. influenzae, the htrB (lpxL) gene product was shown to be responsible for the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... post-hydrolysis. Therefore, the dissoci- ation of phosphate and ⁄ or ADP is likely to be responsible for resetting of the transporter. The data indicate that, like ABCB1 and ABCC1, the ‘power stroke’ for translocation ... inform on the orientation of the sites, only their affinity for interaction with drugs. The data presented here suggest that the ABC- G2 R482G isoform undergoes the following sequence of conformational ... ABCB1, the R482G isoform also contains multiple sites of interaction for a single drug (daunomycin), which can manifest as homotropic allostery [22]. The latter has been observed for the bacterial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... an almost 2000-fold decrease in the k cat value for dThd, and a 270-fold decrease for dCyd. The K m value was increased sevenfold for dThd and 49-fold for dCyd. The large decrease in k cat value ... catalytic rate. For the E52D mutant the K m value was approximately the same as for the wild-type with dThd, whereas k cat was  20 000 times lower. This was also the scenario for the E52H mutant ... ordered with formation of a ternary complex [1,2]. Pre-steady-state measurements indicate that either the catalytic step or a preceding step is rate determining for the overall forward reac- tion...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... pathways for 3-hydroxyanth- ralinic acid differs from that in the pathway for 4-amino- 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme d id not show significant levels ... coupled assay was identified as 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde by GC-MS analysis. A mechanism for the formation of 2-hydroxy- muconic 6-semialdehyde via enzymatic deamination and nonenzymatic decarboxylation ... characterization of the enzymes is slow [2,4], p robably because the substrate for the enzyme assay, 2-aminomuconic 6 -semialdehyde, which i s formed by ring cleavage of 2-aminoph enol, is unstable and is converted...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... & M artin [6], we also n eeded to obtain information ab out relevant noncoding regions in which specific and informative mutations are localized. For these reasons, we d ecided to analyse the ... M/B). Interestingly, the mutation s pecific for the M allele affects the same nucleotide as that which is deleted in the F allele, and shown to be responsible for the internal deletion of 37 amino-acid ... ollowing three-step cycle which was repeated 35 times: denaturation for 30 s (or 1 min) at 94 °C, annealing for 30 s (or 2 min) at 47–60 °C, and extension for 30–60 s (or 3 min) at 72 °C, using the 2400 (or...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... determinant responsible for PKA phosphorylation in vitro To identify the structural determinants that are respon- sible for phosphorylation of GIRK1 by PKA, fusion proteins comprising truncated forms ... mmolặL )1 glutathione pH 8.0. Immunoprecipitation For the immunoprecipitation experiments, Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with cRNAs coding for GIRK1 and GIRK4 (5 ng per oocyte for each RNA) and the KHA2 antisense ... protein was also demonstrated to be a direct target for PKA- catalysed phosphorylation [17,22,23]. Despite several efforts undertaken to identify the responsible structural determinant on the GIRK1...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... nuclear localization for the mSMOl isoform (Fig. 4). Taken together, these results consistently substanti- ate the hypothesis that these two structural regions are mandatory for the nuclear localization ... (2005) 30523059 ê 2005 FEBS Two short protein domains are responsible for the nuclear localization of the mouse spermine oxidase l isoform Marzia Bianchi 1 , Roberto Amendola 2 , Rodolfo Federico 1 , ... neuroblastoma cell line, N18TG2, to investi- gate its subcellular localization. Augmented transcript levels for each recombinant protein were detected in transiently transfected neuroblastoma cells, using...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... strain Iso1 was V. paradoxus .For example, the stain Isol was positive for catalase, oxidase and nitrate reduction but negative of hydrolysis for gelatin and starch. Therefore, according to all above ... incubated at 37 °C overnight. The transformants were screened for enzyme activity by adding to each well 10 lL2mgặmL )1 lysozyme and incubating at 37 °Cfor 30 min. This was followed by the addition ... mea- surements were performed at various temperatures for 20 min. The highest activity was taken as 100%. (B) Thermostability of purified enzyme. The purified enzyme was preincubation for 30 min at various temperatures....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... Wặm )2 for different times before mycelia filtration. For carotenoid analysis of the strains used in the expression experiments, incubations were per- formed for 7 days in the dark at 22 °C. For ... to light for 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, or 2 h. Relative levels are referred to the maximal value determined in the wild type in the light. All data show averages and standard deviations for four mea- surements ... fujikuroi were formerly investigated in N. crassa (al-1 [20], al-2 [21,22], and cao-2 [23], respectively). Recently, we identified in this fungus the gene ylo-1 [24], which is responsible for the aldehyde...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... sequence as being responsible for the pecu- liar kinetic characteristics of this enzyme, acting as a negative determinant for malonyl-CoA sensitivity. Asp17 may account, at least in part, for the high degree ... the single amino acid variation observed between pig and human (Asp17 for human and Glu17 for pig) might be responsible for the kinetic charac- teristics of both CPT1B enzymes. Consequently, ... scale) for IC 50 calculation. The K m for carnitine was obtained by assaying mitochondria in the presence of increasing carnitine concen- trations: 50–1500 lm for pig CPTIB, and 50–2000 l m for human...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... index, 3 J HNHa ,andu vs. w plots, Fig. S2) imply a conformational preference for an extended structure. The unambiguous conformational preference for helical struc- ture for the C-terminal 10-peptide is manifested ... values for a-helix structure, while w angles for Leu14 and Arg16 are considerably close to the range of values for 3 10 helix. Additionally, Leu14 possess a u torsion angle almost typical for the ... the backbone conformational freedom [47–49]. This limitation is imposed by the steric hindrance that arises from its gem-dimethyl group. The torsion angles for the main- chain conformation of Aib15...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... thiocoraline, the sulfhydryl groups of l-Cys3 form a disulfide crossbridge minimizing conforma- tional freedom to a great extent. It can be assumed that the oxidative formation of the crossbridge is car- ried ... biosynthesis, an oxidoreductase (Ecm17) is found within the biosynthetic operon proposed to be responsible for disulfide formation [35]. This oxidore- ductase, although lacking in the gene cluster enabling thiocoraline ... The lack of N-methylation of l-Cys3 ⁄ 4 is presumably responsible for the absence of DNA-bisintercalation activity. N-methylation induces conformational changes and elevates rotational barriers...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20