engineering salt tolerance in plants

... Furthermore, minimal binding domain of BRI1 was determined using binding assays and recombinant BRI1 fragments (Kinoshita et al. 2005). In other plant species, it was also shown that mutations in BRI1 ... et al. 2002) were determined as positive regulators in ABA signaling. Gene encoding ABA-induced protein kinase 1 (PKABA1), which is a serine– threonine type protein kinase, was isolated from ... receiver domain and a long C-terminal part containing a single-repeat MYB-type DNA- binding domain (Sakai et al. 1998) called a GARP domain (Riechmann et al. 2000) and the proline- and glutamine-rich...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... effective compatible osmolytes in plants subject to salt stress are GB, b -alaninebetaine, prolinebetaine, choline- O -sulphate, hydroxypro- linebetaine, and pipecolatebetaine (Ashraf and Fig. 1.1 ... (2007) Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate- glutathione cycle enzyme activities, and proline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright ... including the luminal binding protein gene BiP is induced. The under- lying mechanisms of UPR in yeasts and mam- mals have been well researched (Rutkowski and Kaufman 2004 ) , although those in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 23:21

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... expressed in plants. Heavy-chain derivatives are shown in gray and light-chain derivatives in pink.Solidblack lines indicate continuation of the polypeptide backbone (simple lines indicate the ... in gray and light chains in pink.Solidblack lines indicate continuation of the polypeptide backbone (simple lines indicate the constant parts of the antibody, curly lines indicate the variable ... of other valuable proteins using this system, including avidin and β-glucuronidase. Initial findings for the expression of a secretory IgA in maize showed that the four chains were expressed, directed...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... others being delphinidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Of the flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin are common in fruits, quercetin being the predominant ... organisms. The methods for increasing, preventing, or redirecting flux into or within the path- way include increasing levels of a rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme, inhibition of the activity ... third predominant flavonoid group in fruits is proanthocyanidins and their monomer units, catechins (procyanidin) or gallocate- chins (prodelphinidins). Delphinidin-derived anthocyanins are known...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... and in ux systems are very impor- tant for cellular ion relationships in natural conditions. Increasing in ux, decreasing efflux or both can maxi- mize K + uptake to maintain K + homeostasis in plants [32,33]. ... Histochem- ical staining indicated that AtHELPS is mainly expressed in the young seedlings and vascular tissues of leaves and roots. Using both helps mutants and overexpression lines, we observed that, in the ... progress in determining the molecular mecha- nism of the regulation of K + uptake in plants has been made [10,11,40]. AKT1 was first reported to be expressed in roots and involved directly in the mineral...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... gene regulons and regulatory pathways involved in freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Freezing tolerance increases in many plants in response to low, non-freezing temperature, a process known as ... thought by providing just such an interdisciplinary forum, in which research results, including novel concepts such as environmen- tally induced increases in mutation rates in bacteria and a ... plants carrying a camta1 ⁄ 3 double mutation are impaired in freezing tolerance [52]. These results establish a role for CAMTA proteins in cold acclima- tion and provide a possible point of integrating...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... due to long range coupling involving vicinal isoprenoid moieties. Due to the line broadening, the precision of signal integration is substan- tially reduced. However, within the experimental limits, ... the two competing deprotonation paths is illustrated in Fig. 8 for the predominant ES complex A of a sample of IPP carrying a 13 C label in its methyl group; a similar scheme involving a less stable ... known precursor of the vitamins thiamine [11] and pyridoxol [12], could be incorporated into terpenoids by E. coli [9] as well as by higher plants [7]. More specifically, plants were shown to utilize...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... variance in 141 the measured concentration in plants is explained by the variance of the 142 concentrations in soil. 143 In case of an insignificant correlation, the concentration in plant ... uptake of organic contaminants from soil by plants. The goal was to gain insight into both experimental data and predictive methods. Knowledge of uptake of con- taminants in plants is relevant for ... SPME sam- pling kinetics were studied for a number of sample types in order to (1) determine the sampling time needed to ensure equilibrium sampling, (2) select the best mode of sampling (static...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... forma- tion by introducing the oxygen between carbon 9 and 10 of oleic acid before incorporation of the monomer into the cutin. In this context, it is interesting to note that inhibition studies ... encoding a fatty acid x-hydroxylase, a putative epoxide hydrolase, several genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids in plastids, including the stearoyl acyl carrier protein ... represents a highly diversified set of heme-containing proteins found in bacteria, fungi, animals and plants [7]. In animals, members of the CYP4A gene subfamily mainly cata- lyze the formation of x- and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... processes in food processing procedures (drying, smoking, curing etc.). Toldrá and Flores (1998) suggested that lipolysis is one of the main processes of lipid degradation in fresh meat during processing; ... FFA displayed a threefold increase during drying, suggesting that lipolysis occurs before or during drying, whereas polar lipids and TAG decreased in the dried reindeer meat and were significantly ... critical suggestions in the design of the experimental solar drier, and Dr. Vu Quang Thanh for instruction in indoor drying techniques and allowing me to utilize the drying machines and equipment,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 18:58

... Planning machine ['pleiniη mə'∫i:n] Drilling machine ['driliη] Lapping machine ['læpiη] Lathe ≈ turning lathe [‘t :n ŋɜ ɪ leið] Grinding machine ['graindiη] ... There + be / have, have got Tom has three cars V + ing 3. Machine There are two cars in parking lot Example: Example: Lapping, Milling, drilling Practice 2 Rocker box ['r kəb k] ɔ ɔ Sump ... Thang ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING IN A WORKSHOP Practice 1 Tyres/ under/ table Screwdrivers/ in/ tool box Hammer/ on/ shelf Car/ front/ workshop Motorbikes/ beside/ car Using the words below...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:20

... DNA-binding domain with CfEcR ligand-binding domain cloned under the control of the 35S promoter in the pKYLX80 vector LmRXR A fusion of VP16 activation domain and LmRXR ligand-binding domain cloned ... Arabidopsis plants were selected by germinating the seeds collected from the in ltrated plants on medium con- taining 50 mgÆL )1 kanamycin. The analysis of transgenic plants for luciferase induction ... Kozak sequence. Interestingly, an increase in the ligand- induced activity of this switch containing the improved Kozak sequence was not accompanied by an increase in background activity in the absence...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... reduction in seed production, indicating synergistic effects when both kinases are lacking [9]. Additional interesting results were obtained by some gene-expression studies. The lack of LTR in the ... ferre- doxin ⁄ thioredoxin system (Fig. 3). The interplay between the kinases and their substrates integrates these varying redox signals and initiates appropriate molecular acclimation responses in ... within the canopy or stand. In these layers, mainly high light intensities, which may harm the photosynthetic apparatus, must be counteracted, for example by NPQ. The incident light intensity in the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... of foreign genes in plants. Gene 61, 1–11. 44 Tavva VS, Collins GB & Dinkins RD (2006) Targeted overexpression of the Escherichia coli MinC protein in higher plants results in abnormal chloroplasts. ... Arabidopsis plants were transformed using the whole plant-dip method [42]. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were selected by germinating the seeds collected from the in ltrated plants on a medium containing ... expression in the absence of methoxyfenozide was indistinguishable from the back- ground readings detected in the transgenic plants that were transformed with a two-hybrid gene switch con- taining wild-type...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... to help attract insect pollinators, giving CYP77A6 an indirect role in reproduction. It is possible that the introduction of in- chain hydroxyl allows cross-linking of cutin, leading to reticulation and ... step in exine formation during plant evolution. The apparent absence of the CYP77 family in the moss genome [58] might indicate that cuticles based on cutin polyesters containing in- chain hydroxylated ... demonstrated the involvement of FA hydroxy- lases in the synthesis of the protective biopolymers cutin, suberin and sporopollenin. In addition, several lines of evidence discussed in this minireview...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20