efficient path counting transducers

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... sign. Parallel Reservoir Counting On its own this counting mechanism hardly appears useful: as it is dependent on knowing n, then we might just as well sum the elements of the stream directly, counting in whatever ... to allow for multiple updates. Reservoir Counting If we are sampling over a stream drawn from just two values, we can implic- itly represent the reservoir by counting only the fre- quency of one ... Reservoir Counting, representing an online uniform sample, is agnostic to the ordering of elements in the stream. 4 Conclusion We have presented a novel approximation scheme we call Reservoir Counting, ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... assays. However, the same cells were efficiently killed by interferon-c. This effect was counter- acted by the STAT3 oligodeoxynucleotide, which was found to efficiently inhibit STAT1. Thus, although ... revised 25 January 2009, accepted 19 February 2009) doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06975.x The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) convey sig- nals from the membrane to the nucleus ... cell proliferation; STAT1 is activated by cytokines, including interferon-c, involved in defence against pathogens and the inhibition of cell prolifera- tion. STAT3, which is frequently activated in tumour...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... Journal compilation ª 2008 FEBS 577 Reversible tetramerization of human TK1 to the high catalytic efficient form is induced by pyrophosphate, in addition to tripolyphosphates, or high enzyme concentration Birgitte ... except for a few para- sites, the dNTPs are provided by two main routes, the de novo and the salvage pathways. The central enzyme in the de novo route, ribonucleotide reductase, cata- lyzes reduction ... November 2008) doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06804.x Thymidine kinase (TK1) is a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of deoxy- ribonucleotide metabolism, catalyzing the first step in the synthesis of dTTP by...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20

... extracellular Na + concentrations. The solid lines represent fits of the Hill equa- tion with Hill coefficients of n ¼ 1.3 for the wild type GAT1 and n ¼ 1 for the mutants (as used previously by Liu ... NNN (Fig. 3B). It has been reported that, in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the early secretory pathway, the N-glycans play a pivotal role in protein folding, olig- omerization, quality control, ... synthesized proteins in the ER. If N-glycosylation is inhibited, some glycoproteins fail to fold or assemble efficiently, resulting in a prolonged retention in the ER and an increased proteolytic breakdown...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... the semantics of complex events in active database management systems. In ICDE, 392–399, 1999. Efficient Pattern Matching over Event Streams ∗ Jagrati Agrawal, Yanlei Diao, Daniel Gyllstrom, and ... new market trend. In RFID-based tracking and monitoring, applica- tions may want to track valid paths of shipments and detect anomalies such as food contamination in supply chains. While regular...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 18:20

... ribozymes that are structurally optimized and which, in addition to cleavage, catalyse efficient RNA ligation. The most efficient variant ligated its appropriate RNA substrate with a single turnover rate ... substrate and the ribozyme seems to be most favourable for an efficient reaction among the studied species. HP–RJWTA7 is also an efficient endonuclease; it cleaves the substrate S40F3F5 with k obs ¼ ... stability of the pro- perly folded substrate–ribozyme complex. Strikingly, the hairpin ribozyme is an efficient ligase if the ribo- zyme substrate complex is folded into a stable secon- dary and tertiary...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... 2003. Shallow parsing with conditional random fields. In Proc. of HLT-NAACL. A. Stolcke. 1995. An efficient probabilistic context-free pars- ing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities. Computa- tional ... 752–759, Prague, Czech Republic, June 2007. c 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics Computationally Efficient M-Estimation of Log-Linear Structure Models ∗ Noah A. Smith and Douglas L. Vail and John ... (and decoding under them) is tractable only when the model’s indepen- dence assumptions permit efficient inference proce- dures. For example, in the original conditional ran- dom fields (Lafferty...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... concentrations were determined spectropho- tometrically by absorbance at 280 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 0.98 for a 1 mgÆmL )1 solution [35]. Coenzyme concentrations were also determined spectrophotometrically using ... spectrophotome- ter) due to the production of NAD(P)H at 340 nm, using a millimolar extinction coefficient of 6.22 m M )1 Æcm )1 . All rate measurements were performed in triplicate and the results shown ... inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase results from disruption of subunit interactions necessary for efficient catalysis Jaclyn Bailey 1 , Lakeila Powell 2 , Leander Sinanan 3 , Jacob Neal 3 , Ming...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... efficiency via efficient cytosolic release with high resistance to serum and low cytotoxicity [129]. It was demonstrated that ketalized linear polyethylenimine ⁄ siRNA poly- plexes were efficiently ... silencing because they were entrapped in the endosomes even after efficiently entering cells [117]. Photostimulating fluorescently labeled TAT efficiently released TAT– siRNA conjugates from the endosome, ... potentially inefficient and time ⁄ labor-consuming modification processes (cost-effective preparation). However, its highly anionic nature and the macromolecular size of siRNA necessitates using efficient...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:23

... Computational Linguistics Exploring Deterministic Constraints: From a Constrained English POS Tagger to an Efficient ILP Solution to Chinese Word Segmentation Qiuye Zhao Mitch Marcus Dept. of Computer & ... constrained taggers as described above can achieve near state-of-art POS tagging accuracy in a much more efficient manner. 5.4 Chinese word segmentation Like other tagging problems, Viterbi-style decoding is ... character of a word, sub-words contained in the word, contextual characters and so on. We consider word counting features as a complemen- tary to character-based features, following the idea of using...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... ex- pressive third-order factorizations while retaining an efficient O(n 4 ) runtime. In fact, our third- order parsing algorithms are “optimally” efficient in an asymptotic sense. Since each third-order ... “third-order” in the sense that they can evaluate sub- structures containing three dependencies, and efficient in the sense that they re- quire only O(n 4 ) time. Importantly, our new parsers can utilize ... has proven to be a very use- ful syntactic formalism, due in no small part to the development of efficient parsing algorithms (Eis- ner, 2000; McDonald et al., 2005b; McDonald and Pereira, 2006;...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... value of lower bound l by selecting a path from the original lattice in some way, and then computing the score of that path. In our experiments, we use the path lo- cated by the left-to-right deterministic ... 1. If the best path of the degenerate lat- tice does not include any degenerate label, it is equivalent to the best path of the original lattice. Proof. Let z max be the best path of the degenerate lattice. ... (a) The best path of the initial degenerate lattice, which is denoted by the line, is located. (b) The active labels are expanded and the best path is searched again. (c) The best path without...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... 14.78 Absolute Discounting 11.05 16.75 KN with Missing Counts 11.19 16.75 Dirichlet KN 10.98 15.76 Table 1: Results on the trial data Model Precision Mod Precision No Smoothing 9.01 14.15 Absolute Discounting ... algorithms discussed in (Yuret, 2008), namely Absolute Dis- counting, Kneser-Ney with Missing Counts, and the Dirichlet-Kneser-Ney Discounting. Note that all three are interpolated models, i.e., ... hence efficient ac- cessing of the N-gram frequencies becomes an is- sue. Trivial methods such as linear or binary search over the entire dataset in order to access a single N-gram prove inefficient,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... pages 959–967, Columbus, Ohio, USA, June 2008. c 2008 Association for Computational Linguistics Efficient, Feature-based, Conditional Random Field Parsing Jenny Rose Finkel, Alex Kleeman, Christopher ... tenfold. 3 Stochastic Optimization Methods Stochastic optimization methods have proven to be extremely efficient for the training of models involv- ing computationally expensive objective functions like ... after the application of unary rules. The partition function Z s and the partial derivatives can be efficiently computed with the help of the inside-outside algorithm. 2 Z s is equal to the in- side...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... RNA after the 5¢-NHH-3¢ sequence, where N is A, U, C or G and H is A, U or C [32], with the most efficient cleavage of the substrate possessing the triplet GUC or CUC [23]. The messenger RNA of ... interference (RNAi) phenomena [36,37]. The power of RNAi is remarkable, because it can serve as a very efficient sequence-specific tool for gene silencing. RNAi is a valuable therapeutic tool for drug ... designed for endogenous generation of siRNA [40–44]. As our tRNA-driven ribozyme transcripts are efficiently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they meet their target mRNA, this expression...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20