efficient unsupervised discovery of word categories

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... inside, and outside of noun phrases. Each state emits a tag and a word (independent of each other given the state). We replaced the first occurrence of every tag and of every word in the training ... the performance of the HMM and test different estima- tion methods, we use Sha and Pereira’s feature tem- plates, which include subsequences of labels, tags, and words of different lengths and offsets. ... the minimization of (w) as a way of training a log-linear model. 4 Algorithms for Models of Sequences and Trees We discuss here some implementation aspects of the application of M-estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Unsupervised Discovery of Rhyme Schemes Sravana Reddy Department of Computer Science The University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 sravana@cs.uchicago.edu Kevin ... extremely useful for large-scale statistical analyses of poetic texts. • Historical Linguistics/Study of Dialects Rhymes of a word in poetry of a given time period or dialect region provide clues ... repetition of rhymes, and have made no assumptions about word pronun- ciations. Therefore, the algorithm’s performance is strongly correlated 4 with the predictability of rhyming words. For writing...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... potentia- tion of the pro-apoptotic effect of doxorubicin was found, whereas inhibition of STAT3 with a dominant negative or a platinum derivative increased the pro-apoptotic effect of doxorubicin ... doxorubicin [43]. Thus, the efficiency of blocking STAT3 may depend on the absence of the inhibition of STAT1. Indeed, cell death induced by ODN and by IFN-c may be the result of completely different mechanisms. ... increased by more than twofold (Fig. 6B). In the absence of IFN-c treatment, there was a low but clearly detectable phosphorylation of STAT3. Finally, to analyse the interaction of both STAT1 and STAT3...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... Hofstee plot of the data. B. Munch-Petersen Enzymatic regulation of human TK1 FEBS Journal 276 (2009) 571–580 ª 2008 The Author Journal compilation ª 2008 FEBS 577 Reversible tetramerization of ... pathway of deoxy- ribonucleotide metabolism, catalyzing the first step in the synthesis of dTTP by transfer of a c-phosphate group from a nucleoside triphosphate to the 5¢-hydroxyl group of thymidine, ... co-operativity as indicated by con- cave Hofstee plots of v versus v ⁄ s (insets to the kinetic plots), Hill coefficients < 1 and high K 0.5 values (Table 1). All of the tetrameric forms showed approxi- mately...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20

... terminal trimming of N-glycans is involved in the regulation of the stability and trafficking of GAT1. It has been reported that a variety of molecular chaperones and folding enzymes assist the folding of newly ... membrane traffick- ing and reduced stability of the N-glycosylation mutants of GAT1 must be a result of misfolding of these proteins. The deficiency of N-glycosylation results in a mark- edly reduced ... normalized for the surface pro- tein of these mutants. Double N-glycosylation mutants showed a marked reduction of GABA-uptake activity of 60–40% of that of the wild type. GAT-mediated GABA transport...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... reaction, the oxygen atom of the free 5¢-OH group of one RNA fragment attacks the phosphorous of the cyclic 2¢,3¢-phosphate group of another, result- ing in ligation of the two fragments. In contrast ... be processed, such that variation of the distance between the two sites seems reasonable only at this stage. In summary, the demonstration of functionality of HP–TWRJ provides proof of the principle that, ... Because of the specific hairpin ribozyme cleavage–ligation charac- teristics described above a fragment of residing sequence is removed in the first part of the reaction followed by binding of another...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... enzyme. Titrations of enzyme alone and enzyme in the presence of 20 m M glutamate, together with equivalent titrations in the presence of 100 l M zinc and control titrations of NADPH in the absence of enzyme, ... observed. Effects of zinc on the stability of the enzyme The thermal stability of the enzyme was determined using differential scanning calorimetry in the presence and absence of zinc under a variety of conditions. ... wavelength of 340 nm and an emission wave- length of 450 nm, were performed in the presence of vari- ous combinations of 100 l M zinc acetate and 20 mM glutamate as well as in the absence of other...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... transport of macromoel- cules > 5 nm in diameter is significantly inhibited in normal tissues [36]. However, transport of macromole- cules across the tumor endothelium is more efficient than that of ... FEBS MINIREVIEW Efficient and targeted delivery of siRNA in vivo Min Suk Shim 1 and Young Jik Kwon 1,2,3 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, ... California, Irvine, CA, USA 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Introduction RNA...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:23

... features of a word. Endings or prefixes of English words do not deterministically mark their morphological in- flections. We propose to compute the morph feature of a word as the set of all of its ... corresponding word count features of possible words that are composed of the boundary and contextual characters of w i . The specific word- based feature templates are illustrated in the second row of Table ... sequence c to the set of all possible segmentations of c. For example, w = (c 1 c l 1 ) (c n−l k +1 c n ) represents a segmentation of k words and the lengths of the first and last word are l 1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... a good start). In Proceedings of the ACL. S. Goldwater and T. L. Griffiths. 2007. A fully Bayesian approach to unsupervised part -of- speech tagging. In Proceedings of the ACL. M. Hyder and K. Mahata. ... minimize the size of the model simultane- ously. We define the size of a model as the number of non-zero probabilities in its parameter vector. Let θ 1 , . . . , θ n be the components of θ. We would like ... Optimization of an MDL-Inspired Objective Function for Unsupervised Part -of- Speech Tagging Ashish Vaswani 1 Adam Pauls 2 David Chiang 1 1 Information Sciences Institute University of Southern...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... to ML-SSS. 4.2 Unsupervised Learning of Sub -word Units We used about 30 minutes of phonetically tran- scribed Japanese speech from one speaker 6 provided by Maekawa (2003) for our unsupervised ... concurrently and efficiently. Choosing the best subset of splits from among these is then cast as a constrained knapsack problem, to which an efficient solution is devised. Another con- tribution of this ... eigen- vector of Σ s and 0 <   1 is typically 0.2. 3. Re-estimate all parameters of this (overgrown) HMM. Gather the Gaussian sufficient statistics for each of the 4N states from the last pass of re-estimation:...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... preclearing process of the cell protein extract (100 lg of protein in 500 lLof extract) was carried out as described above. Immuno- precipitation and determination of the intracellular level of Ab40 was ... of the BACE mRNA level because of the lower expression of ribozyme. A similar profile of the target mRNA was obtained for the cells transfected with the Rz-2 plasmid (data not shown). Effect of ... level of extra- and intracellular release of b-amyloid peptide, which is a product of the catalytic activity of the target protein. Our efforts to use Western blot analysis for detection of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... deprived of the 2¢-OH group of ribose. We showed the silencing effect of targeted RNA in HeLa cells to be at the level of approximately 78% when 100 nm siDNA was used (Fig. 2). Applica- tion of higher ... slightly less efficient than in the case of dsRNA, and a higher dose of siDNA is required for efficient silencing, dsDNA shows higher cellular stability than dsRNA. The other advantages of AB Fig. ... phases of RNAi. Ago proteins are key components of RISC responsible for the cleav- age of the target RNA. The cleavage is catalysed by a Piwi domain of Ago proteins, the structural homolog of RNase...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20