dorf richard c the electrical engineering handbook crc press 2000

... RRC = LCW + RPM (LCCC – LCW), LCW = wall luminance coefficient, LCCC = ceiling cavity luminance coefficient, and RPM = room position multiplier The wall luminance coefficient and the ceiling cavity ... ratio (CCR), hrc for room cavity ratio (RCR), hfc for floor cavity ratio (FCR) © 2000 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 107.3 Weighting Factors for Selecting Speci c Illuminance Within Ranges A, B, and C Weighting ... safety, accuracy, and time FIGURE 107.1 Basic cavity divisions of space © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Lumen Method Details Because of the ease of application of the lumen method which yields the average...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... Above Tc the barrier height increases rapidly with temperature (hence the electrical resistivity) because of the disappearance of Ps and the decrease of the paraelectric state dielectric constant ... process, the initial and final electron states are in different valleys The effect of intervalley scattering can be deduced from the T –1 dependence of the elastoresistance tensor © 2000 by CRC Press ... parallel to the current direction Note the increase of gage factor with sheet resistivity © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 51.9 Design Considerations Many commercially available sensors (pressure, acceleration,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... to the most recent work on or using any aspect of the Hall effect reported in the major technical journals can be found in Physics Abstracts (Science Abstracts Series A) â 2000 by CRC Press LLC ... magnetoresistance (the electrical resistance in the presence of a magnetic eld) Solutions can in fact be developed that are linear â 2000 by CRC Press LLC in the applied electric eld (the regime where ... circumstances limit the electron scattering rate from impurities, crystallographic â 2000 by CRC Press LLC imperfections, and lattice vibrations, respectively In semiconductors, the much longer relaxation...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... capacitor Cj represents the physical capacitance of the sandwich structure Parasitic capacitance created by the elds around a device interacting with a dielectric substrate is also included in this lumped ... greater than the upper critical eld, Hc2 , superconductivity is destroyed The three critical eld are related to each other by H c ằ H c1 H c2 In the range Hc < H < Hc2 , a type II superconductor is ... the depinning critical current density where the Lorentz-like force can overcome the pinning force (The depinning critical current density should not be confused with the depairing critical current...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... Boltzmann’s constant, T is the absolute temperature, tand is the dielectric loss tangent of the detector material, C E is the electrical capacitance of the element, and C A is the input capacitance of the ... pyroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics In ferroelectrics, which are a subset of the set of pyroelectrics, the orientation of the polar axis can be changed by application of an electric field ... by CRC Press LLC FIGURE 54.1 Pyroelectric detector with FET amplifier Typically, a pyroelectric detector element will consist of a thin chip of the pyroelectric material cut perpendicular to the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... dielectric constant e is determined from the ratio e = C Co (55.3) where C represents the measured capacitance in F and Co is the equivalent capacitance in vacuo, which is calculated for the ... consisting of a capacitance C in parallel with a large resistance R as delineated in Fig 55.1 Here C represents â 2000 by CRC Press LLC the capacitance and R the resistance of the dielectric For an ... rather intricate eld dependence, depending upon the manner in which the discrete conductivities of the contiguous media change â 2000 by CRC Press LLC FIGURE 55.4 Loss characteristics of mineral...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... nonelectrical sensor The most commonly used electrical temperature sensors are thermocouples, thermistors, and resistance thermometers Thermocouples employ the Seebeck effect, which occurs at the ... mechanism which converts force to displacement (mechanical to mechanical) and then an intermediate mechanism to convert displacement to an electrical signal (mechanical to electrical) Displacement ... displacement produces a change in inductance which can be measured by placing the inductor in an oscillator circuit and measuring the change in frequency of oscillation The most commonly used force...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... note that all the elements of the reectance matrix rij are dependent on the angle of incidence between the incident light and the magnetooptic lm surface â 2000 by CRC Press LLC FIGURE 57.1 Kerr ... incident beam, is deected by the rst calcite prism The four ports of the circulator then are found as follows: (1) the incident beam, (2) the exit beam, (3) the deected beam from the rst calcite ... respectively, the perpendicular and parallel electric eld components of the reected light waves The diagonal elements r11 and r22 can be calculated by Fresnel reection coefcients and Snells law The...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... the capability of the software The light source is reflected from the page to the CCD and the charge in the CCD is modified by the reflectivity of the printed material © 2000 by CRC Press LLC FIGURE ... electrostatic technology and is also similar to the capacitive touch panel © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) This technology is more recent than the others and has not received ... travel Force Life Feedback © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Snap Switch 3.8 mm >60 gm 10 million cycles Audio mechanical 3.2 mm >50 gm 10 million cycles Audio electric 3.8 mm >30 gm 10 million cycles Tactile...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... and controls These have changed dramatically with the advances in microprocessor-controlled subsystems The “glass cockpit” and “fly by wire” techniques © 2000 by CRC Press LLC POWER APPLYING MECHANISM ... electric vehicles run cleanly and burn no gasoline Increasing the distance an electric vehicle can travel on a single charge is the most significant factor in expanding the market for electric ... 82.1 Practical Microprocessors © 2000 by CRC Press LLC References IEEE Spectrum, Technology Issue, January 1996 R K Jurgen, “Putting electronics to work in the 1991 car models,” IEEE Spectrum,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... Bhutta, D .C Look Physical Properties • Diodes • Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models and Device Simulators for Semiconductor Devices • Electrical Characterization of Semiconductors 23 Semiconductor ... necessity, the content ranges from rather theoretical considerations, such as physical principles of semiconductors, to quite practical issues such as printed circuit board technology and circuits ... bypass capacitor junction capacitance energy permittivity constant focal length luminous flux radiational factor pn-junction contact potential transconductance Planck’s constant heat transfer coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... but the twilight of the dawn.” © 2000 by CRC Press LLC This section focuses on the basic electromagnetic field concepts, wave propagation, devices, circuits, and other applications The electric ... described The high-frequency or microwave-frequency electromagnetic field concepts are helpful in studying the microwave devices as discussed in Chapter 39 The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ... interaction window The large upper section is a fully instrumented collector of the “spent” electron beam (Photo courtesy of Communications & Power Industries.) © 2000 by CRC Press LLC IV Electromagnetics...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... Administration.) © 2000 by CRC Press LLC V Electrical Effects and Devices 46 Electroacoustic Devices P H Rogers Transduction Mechanisms • Sensitivity and Source Level • Reciprocity • Canonical Equations ... magnetic susceptibility of free space diffraction constant transducer efficiency dielectric constant complex permittivity thermal conductance viscosity emissivity quantum mechanical wave factor SAW coupling ... Design Considerations 52 The Hall Effect A C Ehrlich Theoretical Background • Relation to the Electronic Structure—(i) wct > 53 Superconductivity...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... reliable, and economic supply of electrical energy, all industry would come to a grinding halt © 2000 by CRC Press LLC This section will present chapters discussing the theory and methods for the generation, ... energy from mechanical to electrical and vice versa Chapter 68 is devoted to the theory of ac/dc motors and generators The automatic control of the total power system is presented in Chapter 69 This ... and economical viability of an emission-free solar thermal power plant to produce virtually unlimited supplies of electricity (Photo courtesy of Southern California Edison.) © 2000 by CRC Press...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... since the advent of the electrical telegraph The evolution of electrical communications technology has been influenced by both advances in devices for processing and transmitting electrical signals, ... evidenced by the size of the IEEE Communications Society, which is second only to the Computer Society In fact, communication between computers makes up a large part of communication system traf c, ... variety of communication systems that have been developed to overcome the constraints of physical communication channels by exploiting the capabilities of the electronic and optoelectronic devices that...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... device The topics covered include practical microprocessors and microprocessor applications Chapter 83 on displays consists of the lightemitting diode, the liquid-crystal display, the cathode ray ... optical devices Discussed in the next chapter are memory devices, which include integrated circuits (RAM, ROM), disk systems, magnetic tape, and optical disks Chapter 81 on logical devices discusses ... by CRC Press LLC VIII Digital Devices 79 Logic Elements G.L Moss, P Graham, R.S Sandige, H.S Hinton IC Logic Family Operation and Characteristics • Logic Gates (IC) • Bistable Devices • Optical...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... Neurological Device Panel Advisory Committee to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (Photo courtesy of Medtronic, Inc.) © 2000 by CRC Press LLC XI Biomedical Systems 113 Bioelectricity J.P Reilly, ... C Polk Neuroelectric Principles • Bioelectric Events • Application of Electrical and Magnetic Fields in Bone and Soft Tissue Repair 114 Biomedical Sensors M.R Neuman Physical Sensors • Chemical ... broad overview of biomedical engineering topics of interest to electrical engineers © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Nomenclature Symbol Quantity Unit Symbol Quantity C C Cm d D fd fL F Γ Imt It k L m...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... magnetic dipole moment electrical resistance conductance loss angle reactance impedance (complex impedance) admittance (complex admittance) susceptance resistivity conductivity self-inductance mutual ... surface charge density electric potential electric potential difference electromotive force electric eld strength electric ux electric displacement capacitance permittivity permittivity of vacuum ... vectors for the crystal lattice (circular) reciprocal lattice vector (circular) fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice lattice plane spacing Bragg angle order of reection order...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... be expressed in terms of the state vector x(t) and the input vector u(t) by the matrix equation y(t ) = Cx(t ) + Du(t ) © 2000 by CRC Press LLC (7.4) where the known coefficient matrices C and ... assigned the current symbols i2 , i4 , i3 , and ig , respectively The controlled current source i5 is given the current symbol i3 because its current is controlled by the current of the branch C3 , ... analysis In these cases, it is more convenient to choose the capacitor charges and inductor flux as the the state variables instead of capacitor voltages and inductor currents In the case of a linear...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... among them © 2000 by CRC Press LLC OSA conducts some of the most important conferences, exhibits, and topical meetings in the industry, including the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) ... Education Electromagnetic Compatibility Electron Devices Engineering in Medicine and Biology Engineering Management Geoscience and Remote Sensing Industrial Electronics © 2000 by CRC Press LLC ... Communications Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Computer (Separate entry for the IEEE Computer Society below) Consumer Electronics Control Systems Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25