digital signal processing by p ramesh babu pdf download

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... pre- suppression (SAPS) of WNJ, followed by STAP-based clutter suppression, is preferred for systems to be operated in severely nonhomogenous environments. Space-range adaptive processing (SRAP) may ... Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessing forAirborneSurveillanceRadar HongWang SyracuseUniversity 70.1MainReceiveApertureandAnalogBeamforming 70.2DatatobeProcessed 70.3TheProcessingNeedsandMajorIssues 70.4TemporalDOFReduction 70.5AdaptiveFilteringwithNeededandSample-Supportable DOFandEmbeddedCFARProcessing 70.6Scan-To-ScanTrack-Before-DetectProcessing 70.7Real-TimeNonhomogeneityDetectionandSample ConditioningandSelection 70.8SpaceorSpace-RangeAdaptivePre-SuppressionofJammers 70.9ASTAPExamplewithaRevisittoAnalogBeamforming 70.10Summary References Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessing(STAP)isamulti-dimensionalfilteringtechniquedevelopedfor minimizingtheeffectsofvariouskindsofinterferenceontargetdetectionwithapulsedairborne surveillanceradar.Themostcommondimensions,orfilteringdomains,generallyincludetheaz- imuthangle,elevationangle,polarizationangle,dopplerfrequency,etc.inwhichtherelativelyweak targetsignaltobedetectedandtheinterferencehavecertaindifferences.Inthefollowing,theSTAP principlewillbeillustratedforfilteringinthejointazimuthangle(space)anddopplerfrequency (time)domainonly. STAPhasbeenaveryactiveresearchanddevelopmentareasincethepublicationofReedetal.’s seminalpaper[1].WiththerecentlycompletedMultichannelAirborneRadarMeasurementproject (MCARM)[2]–[5],STAPhasbeenestablishedasavaluablealternativetothetraditionalapproaches, suchasultra-lowsidelobebeamformingandDisplacedPhaseCenterAntenna(DPCA)[6].Muchof STAPresearchanddevelopmenteffortshavebeendrivenbytheneedstomakethesystemaffordable, tosimplifyitsfront-hardwarecalibration,andtominimizethesystem’sperformancelossinseverely nonhomogeneousenvironments.Figure70.1isageneralconfigurationofSTAPfunctionalblocks[5, 7]whoseprincipleswillbediscussedinthefollowingsections. c  1999byCRCPressLLC ... as the Doppler-domain (joint domain) localized processing (DDL/JDL) [12, 15, 16] and the PRI-staggered Doppler-decomposed processing (PRI-SDD) [17], which are well behaved and easy to implement....

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... DQPSK signal given by u(t) =  p A p g(t − pT ) + j  p B p g(t − pT ) A p = cos(φ p ), B p = sin(φ p ), φ p = φ p 1 + φ p (68.11) where g(·) is the pulse shaping function (which is a square root ... speed is 100 KPH. The response is plotted at four time instances spaced 66 àsecs apart. TABLE 68.1 Typical Delay, Angle and Doppler Spreads in Cellular Applications Environment Delay spread ( à sec) ... algorithms. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Finite Alphabet (FA) Method This approach exploits the FA property of the digitally modulated signals. Assuming no delay spread and perfect multi-user symbol...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... a projection approximation approachthat uses RLS techniques to update the signal subspace. The projection approximation subspace tracker (PAST) algorithm computes an arbitrary basis for the signal ... adaptive algorithms are proposed for the estimation of the Propagator, and then the basis of the signal subspace. The overall computational complexity of the adaptive Propagator subspace update ... (RLS) methods with a projection approximation approach to develop the projection approximation subspace tracker (PAST) which tracks an arbitrary basis for the signal subspace, and PASTd which uses...

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... therobustnessconferredbythelocal, exponentialstability to some extent mitigates this problem, it represents a drawback to the practical application of these techniques. 1 ThePEcondition applies toU m (n), ... given by W(n + 1) = W(n) + P (n)U e (n)e e (n) , (23.19) P (n) = 1 λ  P( n− 1) − P( n− 1)U e (n)U T e (n )P (n − 1) λ + U T e (n )P (n − 1)U e (n)  , (23.20) c  1999 by CRC Press LLC 23 Adaptive ... desired output signal d(n). The adaptive filtering problem is to adjust the parameters of the filter acting on x(n) so thatits output y(n)approximates d(n). From the systemidentification perspective,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... of α greater than 2α opt , the error of the system diverges. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Sayed, A.H. & Rupp, M. “Robustness Issues in Adaptive Filtering” Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. ... F., and Nikias, C.L., Advanced Digital Signal Processing , Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1992. [3] Widrow, B. and Stearns, S.D., Adaptive Signal Processing , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, ... in its feedforward path and an arbitrary mapping F in its feedback path. The input/output signals of interest are denoted by{ x, y, r, v,e}. In this system, the signals x,v play the role of the...

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... (19.2) whereW(n)=[w 0 (n)w 1 (n)ÃÃÃw L1 (n)] T isthecoefcientvector,X(n)=[x(n)x(n 1)ÃÃÃx(nL+1)] T istheinputsignalvector,d(n)isthedesiredsignal,e(n)istheerrorsignal, andà(n)isthestepsize. TherearethreemainreasonswhytheLMSadaptivelterissopopular.First,itisrelativelyeasyto implementinsoftwareandhardwareduetoitscomputationalsimplicityandefcientuseofmemory. Second,itperformsrobustlyinthepresenceofnumericalerrorscausedbynite-precisionarithmetic. Third,itsbehaviorhasbeenanalyticallycharacterizedtothepointwhereausercaneasilysetupthe systemtoobtainadequateperformancewithonlylimitedknowledgeabouttheinputanddesired responsesignals. c 1999byCRCPressLLC [22] Farden,D.C., Tracking properties of adaptivesignal processingalgorithms, IEEETrans.Acoust., Speech, ... generalized expression for these stability bounds in (19.41), the upper bound for the step size is inversely proportional to the input signal power σ 2 x in general. In practice, the input signal power ... Introduction Inadaptiveltering,theleast-mean-square(LMS)adaptivelter[1]isthemostpopularandwidely usedadaptivesystem,appearinginnumerouscommercialandscienticapplications.TheLMS adaptivelterisdescribedbytheequations W(n+1)...

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... to paleoclimatology, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A, Vol. 332, pp. 539–597, 1990. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC proposed a fundamentally new approach to spectrum estimation based on the principle ... Workshop, pp. 243–258, 1979. [19] Schuster, A., Onthe investigation on hidden periodicities with applicationto a supposed 26-day period of meteorological phenomena, Terrestrial Magnetism, Vol. 3, pp. ... A historical perspective of spectrum estimation, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 70, pp. 885– 907, 1982. [18] Schmidt, R., Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation, Proc. RADC Spectrum Estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... The performance of a signal classifier is characterized by its set of p misclassification probabilities P M 1 = 1 − P( x ∈ R H 1 |H 1 ), ,P M p = P( x ∈ R H p |H p ). Unlike the case of detection (p ... (13.1)or(13.2) are composite, and the Neyman Pearson lemma no longer applies. A popular but ad hoc alternative which enjoys some asymptotic optimality properties is to implement the generalized ... the presence of a particular set of signals as opposed to other sets of signals, classifying among specific linear combinations of signals, and classifying the number of signals present. The problem...

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... be FIGURE 75.3: Two-soliton signal processing by a soliton system. viewed as special-purpose signal processors that are naturally suited to such signal processing tasks as signal separation or sorting. ... monograph by Toda [18]. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC when the amplitude of V n (t) is appropriately small. If we consider processing signals with an infinite linear lattice and obtain an input-output ... modulation paradigm presented in [14]. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC corresponding nonlinear systems become specialized signal processors which are naturally suited to a number of complex signal processing...

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