digital signal processing by ramesh babu pdf download

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... Rao, C.R., Effects of estimated noise covariance matrix in optimal signal detection, IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ASSP-35(5), 671–679, May 1987. [21] Cai, L.andWang, ... algorithm, Proc. Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets, SPIE Proc. Series, Vol. 1305, Paper 16, 180–192, Orlando, FL, April 16-18, 1990. [27] Wang, H. and Cai, L., On adaptive multiband signal detection ... serves c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessing forAirborneSurveillanceRadar HongWang SyracuseUniversity 70.1MainReceiveApertureandAnalogBeamforming 70.2DatatobeProcessed 70.3TheProcessingNeedsandMajorIssues 70.4TemporalDOFReduction 70.5AdaptiveFilteringwithNeededandSample-Supportable DOFandEmbeddedCFARProcessing 70.6Scan-To-ScanTrack-Before-DetectProcessing 70.7Real-TimeNonhomogeneityDetectionandSample ConditioningandSelection 70.8SpaceorSpace-RangeAdaptivePre-SuppressionofJammers 70.9ASTAPExamplewithaRevisittoAnalogBeamforming 70.10Summary References Space-TimeAdaptiveProcessing(STAP)isamulti-dimensionalfilteringtechniquedevelopedfor minimizingtheeffectsofvariouskindsofinterferenceontargetdetectionwithapulsedairborne surveillanceradar.Themostcommondimensions,orfilteringdomains,generallyincludetheaz- imuthangle,elevationangle,polarizationangle,dopplerfrequency,etc.inwhichtherelativelyweak targetsignaltobedetectedandtheinterferencehavecertaindifferences.Inthefollowing,theSTAP principlewillbeillustratedforfilteringinthejointazimuthangle(space)anddopplerfrequency (time)domainonly. STAPhasbeenaveryactiveresearchanddevelopmentareasincethepublicationofReedetal.’s seminalpaper[1].WiththerecentlycompletedMultichannelAirborneRadarMeasurementproject (MCARM)[2]–[5],STAPhasbeenestablishedasavaluablealternativetothetraditionalapproaches, suchasultra-lowsidelobebeamformingandDisplacedPhaseCenterAntenna(DPCA)[6].Muchof STAPresearchanddevelopmenteffortshavebeendrivenbytheneedstomakethesystemaffordable, tosimplifyitsfront-hardwarecalibration,andtominimizethesystem’sperformancelossinseverely nonhomogeneousenvironments.Figure70.1isageneralconfigurationofSTAPfunctionalblocks[5, 7]whoseprincipleswillbediscussedinthefollowingsections. c  1999byCRCPressLLC ...

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... IntroductionandMotivation Thischapterreviewstheapplicationsofantennaarraysignalprocessingtomobilenetworks.Cellular networksarerapidlygrowingaroundtheworldandanumberofemergingtechnologiesareseentobe criticaltotheirimprovedeconomicsandperformance.Amongtheseistheuseofmultipleantennas andspatialsignalprocessingatthebasestation.ThistechnologyisreferredtoasSmartAntennasor, moreaccurately,asSpace-TimeProcessing(STP).STPreferstoprocessingtheantennaoutputsin bothspaceandtimetomaximizesignalquality. Acellulararchitectureisusedinanumberofmobile/portablecommunicationsapplications.Cell sizesmayrangefromlargemacrocells,whichservehighspeedmobiles,tosmallermicrocellsorvery smallpicocells,whicharedesignedforoutdoorandindoorapplications.Eachoftheseoffersdifferent channelcharacteristicsand,therefore,posesdifferentchallengesforSTP.Likewise,differentservice deliverygoalssuchasgradeofserviceandtypeofservice:voice,data,orvideo,alsoneedspecic STPsolutions.STPprovidesthreeprocessingleverages.Therstisarraygain.Multipleantennas capturemoresignalenergy,whichcanbecombinedtoimprovethesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).Next isspatialdiversitytocombatspace-selectivefading.Finally,STPcanreduceco-channel,adjacent channel,andinter-symbolinterference. Theorganizationofthischapterisasfollows.InSection68.2,wedescribethevectorchannelmodel forabasestationantennaarray.InSection68.3wediscussthealgorithmsforSTP.Section68.4outlines theapplicationsofSTPincellularnetworks.Finally,weconcludewithasummaryinSection68.5. c 1999byCRCPressLLC ... the blind identification of multichannel FIR filters, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1995. [29] Orfanidis, S.J., Optimal Signal Processing – An Introduction, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, ... constant modulus signals: a bilinear approach, in Proc. VII European Signal Processing Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 13-16, 1994. [33] Porat, B. and Friedlander, B., Blind equalization of digital...

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... computation further by extending this concept to the signal subspace [8]. By sphericalizing and deflating both the signal and the noise subspaces, the cost of tracking the r dimensional signal (or noise) ... a Signal Eigenstructure (SE) update because only the dominant r signal eigencomponents are tracked. This case is equivalent to that described by Schreiber [37] and an SVD version is given by ... by CRC Press LLC R. D. De Groat, et. Al. “Subspace Tracking.” 2000 CRC Press LLC. <http://www.engnetbase.com>. is bounded by a constant, assuming no significant errors are introduced by...

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... . (23.14) c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Williamson, G.A. “Adaptive IIR Filters” Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 c  1999byCRCPressLLC ... systems, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 41(2), 617–628, 1993. [14] Lin, J N. and Unbehauen, R., Bias-remedy least mean square equation error algorithm for IIR parameter recursive estimation, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 40(1), ... Trans. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, 38(7), 1222–1227, 1990. [17] Regalia, P.A., Stable and efficient latticealgorithms for adaptive IIR filtering, IEEE Trans .Signal Processing, 40(2), 375–388,...

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... e a (i) by à(i) before ltering it by the lter F and then scaling the result by à(i)/ à(i). Similarly, the term à(i) v(i) is rst divided by à(i), then ltered by F, and is nally scaled by à(i)/ à(i). FIGURE ... Ling, F., and Nikias, C.L., Advanced Digital Signal Processing , Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1992. [3] Widrow, B. and Stearns, S.D., Adaptive Signal Processing , Prentice-Hall, Englewood ... of the input sequence u i c  1999 by CRC Press LLC This relation establishes a lossless map (denoted by T i ) from the signals {w i1 , à(i) r(i)} to the signals {w i , à(i) e a (i)}. Correspondingly,...

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... (19.2) whereW(n)=[w 0 (n)w 1 (n)ÃÃÃw L1 (n)] T isthecoefcientvector,X(n)=[x(n)x(n 1)ÃÃÃx(nL+1)] T istheinputsignalvector,d(n)isthedesiredsignal,e(n)istheerrorsignal, andà(n)isthestepsize. TherearethreemainreasonswhytheLMSadaptivelterissopopular.First,itisrelativelyeasyto implementinsoftwareandhardwareduetoitscomputationalsimplicityandefcientuseofmemory. Second,itperformsrobustlyinthepresenceofnumericalerrorscausedbynite-precisionarithmetic. Third,itsbehaviorhasbeenanalyticallycharacterizedtothepointwhereausercaneasilysetupthe systemtoobtainadequateperformancewithonlylimitedknowledgeabouttheinputanddesired responsesignals. c 1999byCRCPressLLC [22] Farden,D.C., Tracking properties of adaptivesignal processingalgorithms, IEEETrans.Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ASSP-29(3), ... algorithms, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 41(9), 2811–2825, Sept. 1993. [25] Douglas, S.C. and Meng, T.H Y., Normalized data nonlinearities for LMS adaptation, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 42(6), ... Contr. Signal Processing, 4(3), 219–216, May-June 1990. [28] Harris, R.W., Chabries, D.M., and Bishop, F.A., A variable step (VS) adaptive filter algorithm, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ASSP-34(2),...

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... steps: c  1999 by CRC Press LLC [7] Djuri ´ c, P.M. and Li, H T., Bayesian spectrum estimation of harmonic signals, Signal Process. Lett., Vol. 2, pp. 213–215, 1995. [8] Hayes, M.S., Statistical Digital Signal ... = 1 λ i      N−1  n=0 x[n]w i [n]e −j2πf n      2 (14.70) c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Djuric, P.M. & Kay S.M. “Spectrum Estimation and Modeling” Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas ... if ∞  n=−∞ |g[n]| < ∞ . (14.8) The signal {g[n]} can be determined from G(f ) by the inverse DTFT defined by g[n]=  1 0 G(f )e j2πf n df (14.9) which means that the signal {g[n]} can be represented...

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... Temporal Signals in Gaussian Noise Signal Detection: Known Gains ã Signal Detection: Unknown Gains ã Signal Detection: Random Gains ã Signal Detection: Single Signal 13.6 Spatio-Temporal Signals Detection: ... 13.4. c  1999 by CRC Press LLC Hero, A. Signal Detection and Classification” Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 c  1999byCRCPressLLC ... waveform. Signal detection algo- rithms decide whether the waveform consists of “noise alone” or signal masked by noise.” Signal classification algorithms decide whether a detected signal belongs...

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... full refund. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing Second Edition by Steven W. Smith copyright â 1997-1999 by California Technical Publishing All rights reserved. ... 1 Telecommunications 4 Audio Processing 5 Echo Location 7 Imaging Processing 9 Chapter 2. Statistics, Probability and Noise 11 Signal and Graph Terminology 11 Mean and Standard Deviation 13 Signal vs. Underlying ... 80 Execution Speed: Programming Tips 84 The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing Second Edition by Steven W. Smith California Technical Publishing San Diego, California xi Another...

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