design aspects of optical communication networks

... overcome Emerging optical communication networks represent a step in that direction The Handbook of Optical Communication Networks is a source of comprehensive reference material for such networks The ... density of traffic together with span/reach plays a role in categorizing various domains of optical networks Another perspective of optical networks pertains to various optical transport networks ... two: Evolution of optical networks architecture 35 generation of optical transport systems.10,14 The switching and routing functions of such third generation optical networks, of course, will...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 17:52

... nominal voltage of medium-voltage distribution networks rarely exceeds 35 kV In this chapter, networks which operate at 1000 V or less are referred to as lowvoltage (LV) networks, whereas networks requiring ... step-down transformer to feed LV networks are referred to as medium voltage (MV) networks 1.1 Power supply characteristics of medium-voltage networks The main characteristics of an MV power supply are: ... coupling of earth switches (overhead networks) , and to reduce flashover with the station’s LV circuits capable of generating dangerous levels of potential in the low voltage installation Where networks...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 22:15

... links provide the means of isolation M F CB A In this kind of installation it is often necessary to place the main installation circuitbreaker some distance from the point of utilization, e.g saw-mills, ... distribution networks An adequate level of voltage at the consumers supply-service terminals is essential for satisfactory operation of equipment and appliances Practical values of current, and ... typical LV system, show the importance of maintaining a high Power Factor as a means of reducing voltage drop 1.4 Quality of supply voltage The quality of the LV network supply voltage in its...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... for many of its components Although a number of possible sources of bias are present, it is worth noting that the topological pattern of organization reported from different sources of protein–protein ... in biomolecular networks by avoiding direct links between hubs [34] This type of pattern is a sign of modularity: groups of proteins can be identified as differentiated parts of the web, allowing ... function and structure of TFs from available information From a structural point of view, the overabundance of self-interactions is associated with a majority group of 55% of basic helix–loop–...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the telecom central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) in premises of end-users (Figure 1) The virtually unlimited bandwidth (in range of ... fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering National University of Singapore Summary Hybrid Wireless -Optical Broadband Access Networks (WOBANs) are a new and promising ... broadband access technologies, Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and wireless networks are the two most promising solutions for the future networks 1.1.1 Passive Optical Network PON is a point-to-multipoint,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 11:39

... Postal Networks as Points of Access into the Financial System The Role of Asian Post Offices for Payments Services The Role of Post Offices in International Remittances The Role of Post Offices ... 21 Historic Models of Financial Services in Africa Postal Networks as Points of Access into the Financial System The Role of African Post Offices in Payments The Role of Post Offices in International ... investor appetite in view of the micro-scale of operation and small size of the market Republic of Congo SOPECO is the postal operator of Congo It was separated from the telecommunications in 2003...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... wireless communication, particularly orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), are exploited by optical communications engineers, we can also expect development of systems such as OFDM-PON ... of longreach ADSL: Smart DSL technology, READSL,” IEEE Communications Magazine, September, 2003 [OFDMPON] N Cvijetic, D Qian, T Wang, & S Weinstein, “OFDM for next-generation optical access networks, ” ... transmission facilities of the power grid, but ubiquitous optical communication networks may be more likely to have this responsibility The electrical power supply system consists of three network levels:...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:09

... telephone company’s central office However, with the advent of IP telephony, those systems are rapidly migrating to some form of packetized transport Telephony is exiting the days of circuit switching ... 1-800-366-3891 • Outside of North America: +1-952-938-8080 Fax: +1-952-917-3237 • For a listing of ADC’s global sales office locations, please refer to our web site ADC Telecommunications, Inc., ... the possibility of higher operational costs down the road Truck rolls and technicians are a large part of operational costs so, simply put, upping the reliability lowers the number of service calls...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 18:15

... LoopStar® 711 Leveraging a Full Suite of Ethernet and TDM Services to Cost-Effectively Utilize Fiber Networks Ethernet and Legacy Services for True Convergence Providers of all sizes and types are worried ... America: +1-952-938-8080 Fax: +1-952-917-3237 • For a listing of ADC’s global sales office locations, please refer to our web site ADC Telecommunications, Inc., P.O Box 1101, Minneapolis, Minnesota ... Minneapolis, Minnesota USA 55440-1101 Specifications published here are current as of the date of publication of this document Because we are continuously improving our products, ADC reserves...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 19:15

... of new services, creating faster generation of revenues and decreased costs of technical labor and service downtime Technicians are no longer forced to work in crowded splice cases The risk of ... 1-800-366-3891 • Outside of North America: +1-952-938-8080 Fax: +1-952-946-3292 For a complete listing of ADC's global sales office locations, please refer to our web site ADC Telecommunications, Inc., ... Minneapolis, Minnesota USA 55440-1101 Specifications published here are current as of the date of publication of this document Because we are continuously improving our products, ADC reserves...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... a result of these decisions The state of Texas has sued CMS to prevent the loss of federal funds and a group of Planned Parenthood clinics has sued the state to prevent implementation of the affiliate ... Evaluation of Florida’s Family Planning Waiver Program: Cost Effectiveness of First Eight Years 1998-2006, University of Florida College of Medicine.; Sills, S (2007) Cost Effectiveness of Medicaid ... source of medical care Paper presented at National Survey of Family Growth Research Conference; Hyattsville, MD 21 Table 2: Comparisons of Texas and US women on rates of diseases and receipt of health...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... significant proportion of the sexual transmission of HIV in marriage in Uganda is coming from the woman Pisani24 argues, on the basis of epidemiological data of higher rates of HIV infection in ... gained higher visibility both through the ICPD Programme of Action and because they are cofactors of sexual transmission of HIV Because of the tendency to vertical programming, this duality has ... of AIDS and low CD4 cell counts.33–36 In 1993, the US Centers for Disease Control designated invasive cervical carcinoma as a defining condition of AIDS.37 Cervical cancer is a major killer of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 15:20

... embodied in Section 620K of the Palestinian AntiTerrorism Act of 2006 (PATA), P.L 109-446: (1) recognition of “the Jewish state of Israel’s right to exist” and (2) acceptance of previous Israeli-Palestinian ... organization and its principal officers, directors and other key personnel against lists maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) within the U.S Department of Treasury The Mission also ... Hamas gained control of the Gaza Strip, the office of the U.S Security Coordinator (USSC) for Israel and the Palestinian Authority (a three-star U.S general officer, supported as of mid 2012 by U.S...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... farmer of the Post Office, furnished to the Secretary of State "a perfect list" of all officers in the Post Office According to this list there were eight Clerks of the Roads, viz.:—Two of the ... out of money he should have paid in wages, etc Among the papers relating to this affair is a copy of part of Gascoigne's account, of which the following is a transcript:— [Pg 20] THE OFFICE OF ... MORLEY AND THE MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY) VISIT BRISTOL.—THE POSTMASTER OF THE HOUSE OF 232 COMMONS.—THE KING'S NEW POSTAGE STAMPS.—CORONATION OF KING EDWARD VII.—LOYALTY OF POST OFFICE STAFF.—MRS VARNAM-COGGAN'S...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 02:20

... Vermie of the Iowa State Office of Rural Health The Committee benefited from presentations at the September meeting from Julie McMahon of the Iowa Department of Public Health; Deborah Waldron of ... Snetselaar of the University of Iowa College of Public Health; Bill Menner, Iowa’s state director of USDA Rural Development; Keith Mueller of the Rural Policy Research Institute and University of Iowa ... number of individuals including Jan Probst of the South Carolina Rural Health Research Center, Michael Byrd of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Francis Rushton of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... data of Project KC09.06/06-10 The authors also have got a comments from Office of Government Science and Technology Programmers of Ministry of Science and Technology as well as from Director of ... Sandy silt b - Silty sand - Lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy analysis Lithofacies analysis is determination of different facies names and association of lithofacies in space and time, based ... cut-off at +5m is evidence of maximum transgression at 5Ky Bp Wave cut-off at +3,5m and +2,5m in limestone as well as +1m height marine terrace along recent coast are evidences of still stand of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... nature of the Application Layer groups many threats together at its end of the stack One of the prime threats at the Application Layer is poor or nonexistent security design of the basic function of ... can be subject to spoofing and attack based on crafted packets and the educated guessing of flow and transmission values, allowing the disruption or seizure of control of communications © SA NS ... this layer often originate from weaknesses or shortcomings in the implementation of the presentation layer functions Continuing on the theme of taking advantage of the original atmosphere of implicit...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... assessment of the community’s health status, including:  Identification of health risks  Attention to vital statistics and disparities  Identifications of assets and resources  Utilization of methods ... Advocating of regulations needed to protect and promote health  Support of compliance efforts and enforcement as needed Link People to Needed Personal Health Services and Assure the Provision of Health ... Problems and Hazards in the Community  Timely identification and investigation of health threats  Availability of diagnostic services, including laboratory capacity  Response plans to address...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 22:21

... sba.gov/about-offices-content/1/700 District Offices In addition to its resource partners, the SBA operates full service district offices in every state of the country To locate the district office ... advantage of SBA online glossaries of key terms, instructions on registering a domain and tips for getting the most out of an online business property For those looking to use the web as a means of ... translate a great idea into a clear and well-designed plan Through the SBA, you’ll find an abundance of information on writing and getting the most out of a business plan, including step-by-step...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... communication between employees and partners However, such communication and efficiency can of course be impeded by the effects of a network attack An attack may directly cause several hours of ... Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Page of Threats to Data As with any type of crime, the threats to the privacy and integrity of data come from a very small minority of vandals However, while one car ... companies’ networks and destroy data Furthermore, with the recent pervasiveness of remote connectivity technologies, businesses are expanding to include larger numbers of telecommuters, branch of ces,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20