coli trp operon attenuation based on translation of a leader peptide

... whole-genome trees based on gene-content comparison among all archaeal genomes does not recover the monophyly of Euryarchaeota, as Halobacteriales are at the base of the archaeal tree (see [8] and references ... of the translation apparatus is not biased by LGT and can provide a bona fide species tree [20,21] In archaeal trees based on a concatenated dataset of 53 ribosomal proteins from 14 taxa, the dichotomy ... Ferroplasma acidarmanus Thermoplasma volcanium 100 Thermoplasma acidophilum 100 Archaeoglobus fulgidus Halobacterium sp Haloarcula marismortui 100 Methanosarcina barkeri 100 Methanosarcina acetivorans...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:21

... source of the source language or to construe a difficult text as pre -translation process  Literal translation Literal translation is a broader form of translation, each SL word has a corresponding ... immigration and education There are various concepts of translation basing on the individual views  Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language (the source text) and ... contrast a complete translation that catches the meaning of the source language in the international business contract The study is based on the theoretical background of technical translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... translation Free translation Faithful translation Semantic translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation For further comprehension and comments on these translation methods, please see ... definitions, types of translation and ESP translation 12 Chapter II is the study on the translation of English related – terms in finance and banking into Vietnamese Chapter III is application and ... original Accordingly, there born different methods of translation Below is V-diagram of translation given by Peter Newmark SL emphasis TL emphasis Word-for-word translation Adaption Literal translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... 1.2.5 Adaptation translation 1.2.6 Free translation 1.2.7 Grammatical translation 1.2.8 Communicative translation 10 1.2.9 Idiomatic translation: ... I: THEORICAL BACKGROUND Notions of translation 1.1 Definition of translation There are many concepts of translation all over the world Following is some typical concepts: Translation is the interpreting ... lesson, there are two main kinds of translation One is form -based and the other is meaning -based Form -based translations attempt to follow the form of the source language and are known as literal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... Communicative translation: Communicative translation attempts to reader the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible ... translation in general and ESP translation, technical translation and definition of term as well as some technical terms in Water Sector Chapter II is an investigation on Water Sector terms and ... translation of compound terms 2.1 Shift or transposition translation Shift translation is one of the most popular strategies applied in translation of the compound terms Transposition is a translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... diagram as below SL Emphasis: TL Emphasis: Word – for – word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation ... translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation And basing on the degree o emphasis on source language(SL) and target language(TL), he puts it in diagram ... theoretical background of technical translation Definition of technical translation Sofer (1991) as follow distinguishes technical translation from literal translation: “The main division in the translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... CHAPTER ONE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Translation theory 1.1 Definitions of Translation There are many definitions of translation And each of translators has his or hers own methods of translation ... representation or data model Semantic translation takes advantage of semantics that associate meaning with individual data elements in one dictionary to create an equivalent meaning in a second system ... books and internet - Data analysis: After collecting the data, I started analyzing them - Comparative and contrastive analysis: Basing on the analyzed data, the steps of comparative and contrastive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... translation 2.4 Faithful translation 2.5 Semantic translation 2.6 Adaptation translation 2.7 Idiomatic translation 2.8 Communicative translation 2.9 Other translations Equivalence in translation 3.1 ... translation process They include: service translation, plum prose translation, information translation, cognitive translation, academic translation Equivalence in translation 3.1 Definition of ... PART II: DEVELOPMENT Chapter one: Theoretical background of translation Concepts of translation Types of translation 2.1 Literal translation 2.2 Word-for-word translation 2.3 Literal translation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... trade terms such as recognized translation, transposition translation, translation by omission, translation by addition, translation by using loan word with or without explanation, translation ... technical translation from institutional translation: Technical translation is one of the part of specialized translation; institutional translation, the areas of politics, commerce, finance, government ... faithful translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, idiomatic translation, free translation, translation as adaptation 2.1 The methods which emphasize source language: 2.1.1 Word-for-word...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... 1970s and “The three Burials of Melquiades Estrada” in the 21st century 1.2 Translation 1.2.1 Definition of translation Translation is an operation performed on language It is an across the board ... least two languages and two cultural traditions (Toury, 1978: p200) Translation is the action of explanation of the meaning of a text, and a subsequent production of an equivalent text called a ... For example: “Red eye” is translated into “Mắt đỏ” 1.2.2.2 Literal translation Literal translation is a broader of translation, each source language word has a corresponding target language word,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... translation and translation strategies such as definitions, methods and equivalences in general and translation of ESP as well as technical translation in detail Chapter is an investigation on ... understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as pre -translation process o Literal translation: Literal translation is broader form of translation, each SL has a ... Literal translation is considered the basic translation step, both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there As pre -translation process, it indicates problem...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... 14 PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I THEORETICAL OF BACKGROUND 1 .TRANSLATION 1.1 Concepts of Translation and Equivalence in translation 1.1.1 Concepts of translation Translation typically has been ... seasonal labor (A labor contract for a specific or seasonal job with a duration of less than one year) Contract of seasonal labor or employment for less than a year will be applied to temporary ... worker populations Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occupational diseases ( From Wikipedia) 25 An occupational disease arises...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Translation theory 1.1 Concepts of translation There are so many concepts of translation, which are developed by lots of famous linguistic of translation Translation ... Primary - Secondary - Specialised secondary years years III Vocational: - Vocational training after primary education Under year - Vocational training after secondary education 1-2 years - Professional ... Study on Translation of Vietnamese Education Terms into English” for my graduation Aims of the study The study on translation of education terms aims to figure out an overview on translation strategies...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:57

... mL of MTE and re-isolated by centrifugation as Mitochondrial membranes were analyzed by standard SDS/PAGE with 15% (w/v) acrylamide and an acrylamide/bis-acrylamide ratio of 30 : 0.8 (w/w) [25] ... V Zara et al (Eur J Biochem 271) transformation of Escherichia coli and isolation of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells were carried out by standard procedures [28] Results Growth phenotype of ... concentrations were determined by the Bradford method [26] or the modified Lowry method [27] Electrophoretic analysis of DNA on agarose gels, restriction endonuclease analysis, ligation of DNA fragments,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... 2.4.1.19 AAP31242 AAB65420 CAA55023 CAA48401 AAG31622 BAB91217 CAA33763 AAA22298 P31835 BAA14289 AAA22308 ALBSX1 AAA22310 AAA22309 CAA46901 BAA31539 AAA22239 CAA01436 Z34466 BAA02380 CAA41770 AAD00555 ... a- amylase amyCrysp a- amylase amyStrgr a- amylase amyStrlm a- amylase amyStrli1 a- amylase amyStrli2 a- amylase amyStrvi a- amylase amyThncu a- amylase amy_Aspaw a- amylase CBM20 (Purple of Fig.2) atrActsp ... emersonii Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus niger T21 Neurospora crassa AAB02927 AAT58037 BAA00331 AAB59296 AAB20818 BAA01254 L15383 BAA08436 CAA47945 AAA33386 AAF75523 AAE15056 AAR61398 BAD06004 AAP04499...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... Conclusions and recommendation remarks Based on the analysis of mangrove change in the study area, some conclusions and recommendation remarks are made as follows: In Phu Long - Gia Luan area, ... Gia Luan commune Gia Luan commune C2 C2 Bai Giai C4 C4 Bai Giai C2 C2 C2 C2 a t a t a t a t a t a t a t ba t a Cat Cai Vieng marshland 2,303,001 Cai Vieng marshland C3 C3 C2 C2 Hai village a a ... Phu Long - Gia Luan area, there are 12 species belonging to 10 families including Pteridaceae (Polypodiophyta), Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Avicenniaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrsinaceae,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 15:20

... Literal translation Literal translation is a broader form of translation, each SL word has a corresponding TL word, but their primary meaning may differ The source language grammatical constructions ... (1984:93) affirmed that translation is not an art, but a high art” Mean while other translators, mostly professionals working on technical, business, and legal regard translation as a craft that can ... in the grammar from SL to TL, including two subclassification: automatic translation and rank-shift translation II.1 Automatic translation That is one type of transposition which has change in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 16:19

... flattened diagram as below: SL Emphasis TL Emphasis Word- for- word translation Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation ... translation, adaption, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation And basing on the degree of emphasis on the SL (source language) and TL (target language), he put it in a ... equivalents and translation of business negotiation terms including translation of ESP, technical translation I TRANSLATION THEORY I.1 Definition Translation has existed in every corner of our...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:21

... diagram as below: SL Emphasis TL Emphasis Word-for-word translation Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation ... words are again translated out of context Literal translation is considered the basic translation step, both in communication and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there As pre -translation ... text material of another (target language)”  Hartman and Stork (1971:1) believes that : Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 01:26

... individual adenoma would appear (on the basis of the relative frequency of adenoma versus carcinoma) to have a much higher risk of malignant transformation.6 The concept that lesions of similar appearance ... Kambara T, Simms LA, Whitehall VLJ et al BRAF mutation and CpG island methylation: an alternative pathway to colorectal cancer Gut 2004; 53; 1137–1144 45 Ikehara N, Semba S, Sakashita M, Aoyama ... CRC was slow to develop Acceptance of such a notion had to supplant an attractive and elegant paradigm, in which APC inactivation and loss of DNA mismatch repair were envisaged to initiate and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20