... Website: www.bkacad.com 11 NetworkLayer Fields • bits • Indicates version of IP used • IPv4: 010 0; IPv6: 0110 H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 12 NetworkLayer Fields • • bits Indicates ... to 5 .1. 1 ) H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com NetworkLayer Protocols • Protocols implemented at the Networklayer that carry user data include: – Internet Protocol version (IPv4)* ... www.bkacad.com 10 IPv4 packet header • Identify the major header fields in the IPv4 protocol and describe each field's role in transporting packets H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 11 Network...
... First Look Network 19 2 .16 8 .1. 0/ 24 Network 19 2 .16 8.2 .0/ 24 19 2 .16 8 .1. 2 54 / 24 C 19 2 .16 8.2 .0/ 24 is direction connected, FastEthernet0 /1 Routers know about: Directly connected networks (C): Network addresses ... Exploration Semester 18 IP Fragmentation Original IP Packet IP Data = 14 80 bytes IP Header = 20 bytes IP Packet Fragments IP Data = 50 0 IP Data = 50 0 IP Data = 48 0 L2 Data = 52 0 L2 L2 Data = 52 0 L2 ... that network This is just like a host that is configured with an IP address/mask (coming) 17 -Jul -12 CCNA Exploration Semester 34 Routing – First Look Network 19 2 .16 8 .1. 0/ 24 Network 19 2 .16 8.2 .0/ 24...
... đổi từ → ∞ V dụ: Nghiệm phương trình đặc trưng K thay đổi 1+ K System and Control s+3 =0 ( s + 1) ( s + 2)( s + 4) ( s + 5) Ngo Quang Hieu Phương pháp quỹ đạo nghiệm số Định nghĩa V dụ: Nghiệm...
... 802 .11 b and 802 .11 g standards IEEE 802 .11 b - Operates in the 2 .4 GHz frequency band, speed up to 11 Mbps Longer range and better able to penetrate building structures than devices based on 802 .11 a ... on 802 .11 a IEEE 802 .11 g - Operates in the 2 .4 GHz frequency band, speed up to 54 Mbps Devices implementing this standard therefore operate at the same radio frequency and range as 802 .11 b but ... the bandwidth of 802 .11 a IEEE 802 .11 n - Is currently in draft form The proposed standard defines frequency of 2 .4 Ghz or GHz The typical expected data rates are 10 0 Mbps to 2 10 Mbps with a distance...
... regional service, pay Teir -1 for connectivity Tier-3 providers: Provide service directly to end users, usually connected through Tier-2 providers 43 Quality of Service 44 Quality of Service 45 QoS ... physical limitations become less relevant 12 Networks are integral in our daily lives http://www.youtube.com/watch? v= fQKNvPn 3V8 &mode=related&search= 13 14 Examples of Today’s Popular Communication ... protocols 33 Converged Networks Traditional telephone, radio, television, and computer data networks each have their own individual versions of the four basic network elements Technology advances are...
... television, and computer data networks each have their own individual versions of the four basic network elements H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Converged Networks Converged networks ... www.bkacad.com Networks Supporting the Way We Live • Early data networks were limited to exchanging character-based • information between connected computer systems Current networks have evolved to carry voice, ... the message H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Communicating over Networks • These data or information networks vary in size and capabilities, but all networks have four basic elements...
... client-server communication H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 43 Labs H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 44 Summary H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 45 ... Transport layer protocol H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 10 TCP Header format: H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 11 TCP Header format: Port number • Source Port 16 ... messenger, or view web pages while also viewing the video H c vi n m ng Bách khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Controlling the Conversation • • Segmentation and Reassembly Most networks have a limitation...
... Figure 19 .2 Finding the classes in binary and dotted-decimal notation 19 .12 Example 19 .4 Find the class of each address a 00000001000010 11 000010 11 111 011 11 b 11 000001 100 0001100011011 11 111 111 ... 00100111 If we set 32 − 28 rightmost bits to 1, we get 11 00110100010000001001010010 111 1 or 2 05 .16 .37 .47 This is actually the block shown in Figure 19 .3 19 . 24 Note The number of addresses in the block ... Example 19 .5 the /28 can be represented as 11 111 111 11 111 111 11 111 111 11 1 10 000 (twenty-eight 1s and four 0s) Find a The first address b The last address c The number of addresses 19 .27 Example 19 .9...
... tes of data ( 40 − 20) 20. 23 Example 20 .4 An IPv4 packet has arrived with the first few hexadecimal digits as shown 0x 45 000 02 800 010000010 2 How many hops can this packet travel before being dropped? ... Checksum Options 20. 9 Figure 20 .4 Position of IPv4 in TCP/IP protocol suite 20 . 10 Figure 20 .5 IPv4 datagram format 20 .11 Figure 20. 6 Service type or differentiated services 20 .12 Note The precedence ... precedence subfield was part of version 4, but never used 20 .13 Table 20 .1 Types of service 20 . 14 Table 20. 2 Default types of service 20 . 15 Table 20. 3 Values for codepoints 20 .16 Note The total length...
... send a packet with destination address 12 0 . 14 . 64. 0 to 12 0 . 14 .12 7. 255 to the regional ISP 22. 20 Figure 22.9 Hierarchical routing with ISPs 22. 21 Figure 22 . 10 Common fields in a routing table 22.22 ... address The result is 18 0. 70. 65 .12 8, which does not match the corresponding network address The second mask (/ 25) is applied to the destination address The result is 18 0. 70. 65 .12 8, which matches ... Table 22 .1 Routing table for router R1 in Figure 22.6 22 .12 Example 22.2 Show the forwarding process if a packet arrives at R1 in Figure 22.6 with the destination address 18 0. 70. 65 . 14 0 Solution...