Overview
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° Describe how networks impact our daily lives
° Describe the role of data networking in the human network ° Identify the key components of any data network
° Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks
e Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security:
e Install and use IRC clients and a Wikiserver
Trang 3Networks Supporting the Way We Live
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e Early data networks were limited to exchan ing cha ter- -based
information between connected computer system
e Current networks have evolved to carry voice, Seo streams, text, and
graphics between many different types of devices
Trang 4Networks Supporting the Way We Live
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The creation of online communities for the exchange of ideas and information has the potential to increase productivity opportunities across the globe
As the Internet connects people and promotes unfettered
communication, it presents the platform on which to run businesses, to address emergencies, to inform individuals, and to support education, science, and government
Play video to watch how the Internet, and its underlying technology, brings opportunities to people wherever they live or work
Trang 5Networks Supporting the Way We Live
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° Data networks that were once the transport of information from business to business have been repurposed to
improve the quality of lite for people everywhere ° 5% z x 5 RS eI Online Banking = sự t World News ee we 1 tờ Se =- — a" Forecast Traffic Conditions
The way we live is supported by services delivered by the data network
Trang 6Examples of Today’s Popular Communication Tools
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e The existence and broad adoption of the Internet has ushered in new forms of communication that empower individuals to create information that can be accessed by a global audience such as:
Trang 7Networks Supporting the Way We Learn
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Communication, collaboration, and engagement are fundamental building blocks of education
e Robust and reliable networks support and enrich student learning experiences ° Courses delivered using network or Internet resources are often called online
learning experiences, or e-learning
e Online courses can contain voice, data, and video, and are available to the
students at any time from any place
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Networks Supporting the Way We Learn
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Online learning opportunities can decrease time-consuming and costly travel yet still ensure that all employees are adequately trained to perform their jobs in a safe and productive manner
Online courseware and delivery offer many benefits to businesses such as: — Current and accurate training materials
— Availability of training to a wide audience — Consistent quality of instruction,
— Cost reduction | — ==à>m>è>è 7
rare Welcome to “Introduction to Cisco Personal Communications Assistant”
Example Course Page
Cisco Personal Communications Assistant (Cisco PCA) is the web application associated with Cisco Unity It is available whether you are in the office or connected over the virtual network (VPN) : In this lesson, you will learn
® how to log on to Cisco PCA
@ how to browse to Cisco Unity Assistant and Cisco Unity Inbox
@ about the functions available in Cisco Unity Assistant;
@ how to sel TRaP; and
® how to set record and playback devices Please click a topic from the menu on the right or click the
Next arrow to start
itw appre
to complete At the end of each simulation in this lesson, this lesson simply click the Next arrow to continue to the
Trang 9Networks Supporting the Way We Work
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e The business networks evolved to enable the transmission of many different types of information services, including e-mail, video, messaging, and
telephony
e Today, networks provide a greater integration between related functions and organizations than was possible in the past
Business applications can be accessed remotely as if employees were on site
Trang 10Networks Supporting the Way We Play
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° Describe ways communication over a network supports the way we play REINA NRE Id Bt AP GL - Annee LE ¬ Cnline culms ˆ trcngnĨi,Ì9 o0 beeen ts c.° ® “ ra đkp tls nan Online Te i 1X: X11 (St x4 De FE here ye sys ca se 2 etree 4 ‘ ‘ie 4 “ dhar Entertainment = \ Corrected M - Online Interest Groups Instant Messaging
The onboard data network provides a range of services to airline personal seatback video systems
The way we play is supported by services delivered by the data network
Trang 11What is Communication? TTT SaCHKHOA NETWORKING ACADERY Communication in our daily lives takes many forms and occurs in many environments
Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules or agreements to govern the conversation These rules, or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to be successfully delivered and understood Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are:
An identified sender and receiver
Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone, letter, photograph)
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements
Trang 12Quality of Communications
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The external factors affecting communication are related to the complexity of the network and the number of devices a message must pass through on its route to its final destination
e External factors affecting the success of communication include:
The quality of the pathway between the sender and the recipient The number of times the message has to change form
The number of times the message has to be redirected or readressed The number of other messages being transmitted simultaneously on the communication network
The amount of time allotted for successful communication
Trang 13Quality of Communications
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Internal Factors
e Internal factors that interfere with network communication are related to the
nature of the message itself
° Internal factors affecting the successful communication across the network include:
— The size of the message
— The complexity of the message — The importance of the message Sent From:
It is more difficult to deliver a large bulky package, quickly and without damage, than it is to deliver a number of smaller, less complex packages
Trang 14Communicating over Networks
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e These data or information networks vary in size and capabilities, but all networks have four basic elements in common:
— Rules or agreements to govern how the messages are sent, directed, received and interpreted
— The messages or units of information that travel from one device to another — Ameans of interconnecting these devices - a medium that can transport the
messages from one device to another
— Devices on the network that exchange messages with each other
Trang 16The Elements of a Network Common Data Network Symbols LAN Switch WT BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY Desktop Computer Laptop Firewall Server tw Router P2 ý IP Phone Wireless Router LAN Media > Cloud
9000000000000 Wireless Media —— WAN Media
Trang 17The Elements of a Network
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Network Connections
Wired networks used
physical cables to connect
devices
Wireless networks use radio
waves to communicate between
devices
Wireless networks are also connected to wired networks, at
Trang 18The Elements of a Network
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e Protocols are the rules that the networked devices use to communicate with each other
Service Protocol (“Rule”)
World Wide Web (WWW) HTTP
(Hypertext Transport Protocol)
E-mail SMTP
(Simple Mail Transport Protocol) POP
(Post Office Protocol) Instant Message (Jabber; AIM) XMPP
(Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) OSCAR
(Open System for Communication in Realtime)
IP Telephony SIP
(Session Initiation Protocol)
Trang 19Converged Networks
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Multiple services-multiple networks
Trang 20Converged Networks
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Converged networks
° Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate
networks onto one platform - a platform defined as a converged network Devices Medium | Medi Converged `» Thành Network Medium Devices One Network- Multiple Devices Converged data networks carry multiple services on one network
Trang 21Converged Networks
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° Intelligent Information Networks: The intelligent communications platform of tomorrow will offer so much more than basic connectivity and access to applications
° Not only will voice and video be transmitted over the same network, the
devices that perform the telephone switching and video broadcasting will be the same devices that route the messages through the network
Intelligent Networks Are Bringing the World Together ” * = : _ Ce itt c® Video conferencing around the globe is in the » palm of your hand
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os Log
The Human Network is everywhere he Intelligent networks allow
handheld devices to receive news and e-mails, and to send text
|
=
Phones connect globally to
Trang 22The Network Architecture
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e Networks must support a wide range of applications and services, as well as operate over many different types of physical infrastructures
e Four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service, and security e Fault Tolerance Internet
Redundant connections allow for alternative paths if a device or a link fails The user experience is
unaffected
Trang 24
The Network Architecture
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Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality | of Service managed by the router ensures that priorities are matched with the type of communication and its importance to _ the organization | Internet | | Web pages can usually receive a lower priority Jay aT | ~
Streaming media will need
Trang 25The Network Architecture HN BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY Security
Administrators can protect the Internet network with software and |
hardware security and by tờ
Trang 26A Fault Tolerant Network Architecture
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Circuit Switched Connection-oriented Networks
Circuit Switching in a Telephone Network —_ Me a elephone elephone Switch Switch a
Many paths are
possible, but only hệ
one path is selected
per call elephone Switch elephone Switch elephone >WitCh
The circuit stays active,
even if no one is speaking
Telephone Network
There are many, many circuits, but a finite number During peak periods, some calls may be denied
Trang 27A Fault Tolerant Network Architecture
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Packet Switched Connectionless Networks Utilizing Packets Packet-switched Connectionless Networks Connection-oriented Networks Packet Switching in a Data Network x *wM
Many paths may be used for a single communication as individual packets are routed to a destination E a Prior to transmission, each communication is Internet At the destination,
broken into packets Seas Destination [Sequence packets may be
which are addressed and lÌ„ qdress „ am nuniber reassembled into order numbered according to their
Trang 28A Scalable Network Architecture
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e The fact that the Internet is able to expand at the rate that it is, without seriously impacting the performance experienced by individual users, is a
function of the design of the protocols and underlying technologies on which it is built At the center of the Internet, “tier-1” ISPs provide national and international connections These ISPs treat each other as equals This is the “backbone” of the Internet Tier-1 =) Ì{ Hierarchical | Dietributed |[
Trang 29
A Scalable Network Architecture
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Internet Structure - A Network of Networks
Trang 30A Scalable Network Architecture
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Internet Structure - A Network of Networks
Trang 31A Scalable Network Architecture
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Internet Structure - A Network of Networks
The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a hierarchical directory of addresses one server doesn’t have to hold the entire list of millions of addresses
The DNS servers update each with the top level
addressses so local devices can search the closest
one confident that the information is up-to-date | The DNS servers contain lower level addresses only
for the networks directly connected This keeps the directories from getting too large ¬ Tier-1 ISP local | ISP Tier-2 ISP a Tier-2 ISP local | - a ISP Tier-2 ISP
Hierarchical Distributed Peers
Trang 32A Scalable Network Architecture
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Internet Structure - A Network of Networks
The distributed nature of connections and directories means that communication can bypass bottlenecks and
outages Originally designed to protect against military attack, the system has also proved the best way to offer a
scalable, reliable civilian network
If one DNS server is down, local devices can get in touch with another one If one route is congested or broken,
Trang 33A Scalable Network Architecture
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Internet Structure - A Network of Networks
Peer connections between networks at the same level provide direct connections, bypassing longer routes and preventing congestion on the backbone local, local = ISP | ISP Nie eT - “Tier2isp “S local FT _ ISP | Tier-2 ISP Tier-1 ISP Tier-1 ISP Tier-2 ISP , ISP Tier-2 ISP ; Tier-2 ISP local ISP
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Hierarchical Distributed Peers
Trang 34Providing Quality of Service
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Achieving the required Quality of Service (QoS) by managing the delay and packet loss parameters on a network becomes the secret to a successful end- to-end application quality solution
QoS including following technical tasks: — Classification and marking — Congestion avoidance — Congestion management — Traffic conditioning Using Queues to Prioritize Communication Voice Over IP the media, but higher priority communication has a greater percentage of the packets
All communication has some access to |
High Priority Queue Medium Priority Queue === Financial Low Priority Queue Link to Network —— » Tenescio = Ee
Queuing according to data type enables voice data to have priority over transaction data, which has priority over web data
Trang 35Providing Quality of Service
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° QoS mechanisms enable the establishment of queue management strategies that enforce priorities for different classifications of application data
e Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include: — Time-sensitive communication
— Non time-sensitive communication — High importance to organization — Undesirable communication Quality of Service Matters
Communication Type Without QoS With QoS Streaming video or audio
Choppy picture starts and stops Clear, continuous service
Trang 36Providing Network Security
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e Consequences of a network security breach could include:
— Network outage that prevents communications and transactions occurring, with consequent loss of business
— Misdirection and loss of personal or business funds
— Company intellectual property (research ideas, patents or designs) that is stolen and used by a competitor
Trang 37
Providing Network Securit
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security measures taken in a network should:
— Prevent unauthorized disclosure or theft of information — Prevent unauthorized modification of information
— Prevent Denial of Service
Ensure confidentiality through use of — User authentication
— Data encryption
Maintain communication integrity through use of crminal
— Digital signatures eee
Trang 38Networking Career Opportunities
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° Information Technology and networking careers are growing and evolving as fast as the underlying technologies and services
A broad range of careers will use networking skills and knowledge
Trang 40Summary
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In this chapter, you learned fo:
* Describe how networks impact our daily lives
* Describe the role of data networking in the human network * |dentify the key components of any data network
+ |dentify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks
* Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security
+ Install and use IRC clients and a Wiki server