chitosan and chitosan derivatives as dna and sirna carriers

... lagoons and ponds, and wetlands The lagoons and ponds depend on microbial life, and lower plants and animals, while wetlands support the growth of rooted plants Both pond systems and wetlands are ... University of Texas at El Paso, August 16 and 17, El Paso Texas, 1993 15 Stephenson, M., G Turner, P Pope, J Colt, A Knight, and G Tchobanoglous, The Use and Potential of Aquatic Species for Wastewater ... Constructed wetlands are relatively recent development, and are gaining popularity for treatment of wastewater from small communities, and residential and commercial areas In this section the basic design...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... 30,000 new cases registered in England and Wales in 2002 This represents 12% of all new cancer cases in women and 14% of all new cancer cases in men The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with ... with metastatic colorectal cancer includes both those who present with metastatic disease and those who develop metastatic disease after surgery Estimates of people presenting with metastatic ... post-progression and death Each model was based on data from a different bevacizumab study The first was based on the study that compared bevacizumab plus IFL with IFL, while the second was based on the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... the secreted antigen and activity of urokinase plasminogen activator, as well as its receptor [24] Similarly, intra-articular administration of HA decreased urokinase plasminogen activator activity ... reduce production of IL-1, TNF-α, and MMPs, increase TIMP-1, and inhibit prostaglandin release [32,40] Local production of growth and differentiation factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1, ... cartilage [36] Both IL-1β and TNF-α stimulate their own production and the production of other cytokines (e.g IL-8, IL-6, and leukotriene inhibitory factor), proteases, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [30]...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... oxidized to CO, and H,O As the microorganisms use the organics as food they reproduce, grow, and die As the 10 Biotechnology f o r Waste and Wastewater Treatment microorganisms grow and are mixed ... Pseudomonas Pseudomonas Thermonospora (a thermophilic bacterium) Y a t : Aspergillus ess Trichosporon Bacteria: Arthrobacter Chromobacter Pseudomonas Xanthomonas 12 Biotechnology for Waste and Wastewater ... and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and subsequent amendments Through CERCLA, the Superfund aid was initiated and it was seen as an assault...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:11

... oxidized to CO, and H,O As the microorganisms use the organics as food they reproduce, grow, and die As the Content 10 Biotechnology f o r Waste and Wastewater Treatment microorganisms grow and are mixed ... Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) Most biological waste and wastewater treatment processes employ bacteria as primary microorganisms; ... microorganisms, a drastic departure from the past will most likely take place based on the new science of recombinant DNA The following are examples of recent research and applications of wastes and toxics,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:11

... diseases, as well as environmental damages caused by hazardous hospital waste, this research has been conducted with respect to two research problems: What is the market demand for hospital waste ... target segments can be measured and evaluated following five key criteria as follows:  Measurable – The size, purchasing power, and characteristics of the segments can be measured  Substantial ... challenges relevant to waste management, particularly the hospital waste treatment issue Within this research, hospital waste consists of hazardous medical solid waste and wastewater generated by...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 03:36

... Constructed Wetlands Conference, August 16 and 17, 1993, University of Texas at EL Paso, (1993) Qasim, S.R., N.L Drobny, and B.W Valentine, Process alternatives available in packalaged wastewater treatment ... climates, unaesthetic features such as odor and unsightly conditions, and health hazards.25,26 Perhaps the most comprehensive analysis of waste problems in arctic areas was conducted by the Federal Housing ... electrochemical floatation plant for shipboard waste treatment was designed and built.49,50 This system utilized chlorine gas for disinfection, and partial oxidation and flotation of organic matter Another...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... function of the volume of waste to be removed and the design of the equipment Waste (MGD) = Waste (gpm ) = waste pounds day WAS concentration (mg L ) ¥ 8.34 lb gal waste (MGD) ¥ 1, 000, 000 gpd ... of the imbalance To assist in the evaluation, the waste rate based upon the mass balance information can be calculated Waste (GPD) = Waste (GPD) = solids produced (lb day) waste TSS (mg L ) ¥ ... DEMAND, AND RESIDUAL Chlorine is a powerful oxidizer that is commonly used in wastewater and water treatment for disinfection and in wastewater treatment for odor control, bulking control, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Solids, and Volatile Solids Wastewater Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended Solids Biosolids Volume Index (BVI) and Biosolids Density Index (BDI) WATER/WASTEWATER LAB Ideally, waterworks and wastewater ... oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, fecal coliform count, chlorine residual, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) seeded tests, to name a few The standard reference for performing wastewater ... wastewater testing is contained in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, AWWA WEF, 1995 In this chapter, we focus on standard water/wastewater lab tests that involve...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... The WAS suspended solids concentration is 6150 mg/L If 5200 lb/day solids are to be wasted, what must the WAS pumping rate be (in MGD)? 86 The WAS suspended solids concentration is 6200 mg/L Assume ... filter backwash rate (in gpm/sq ft)? 122 A filter 20 ft by 20 ft has a backwash flow rate of 4900 gpm What is the filter backwash rate (in gpm/sq ft)? 123 A filter is 25 ft by 15 ft If the backwash flow ... ft backwashes at a rate of 3300 gpm What is this backwash rate expressed as gpm/sq ft? 125 The backwash flow rate for a filter is 3700 gpm If the filter is 15 ft by 20 ft, what is the backwash rate...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Solving Basic Operation Basic Operation Basic Operation Chapter 10 Units of Measurement, Conversions, and Electrical Calculations Units of Measurement Conversion Factors Weight, Concentration, and ... Head/Pressure Force, Pressure, and Head Example Problems Chapter 13 Mass Balance and Measuring Plant Performance Mass Balance for Settling Tanks Mass Balance Using BOD Removal Measuring Plant Performance ... 4, 2004 8:03 AM • • • • • The author has worked in and around water/wastewater treatment and taught water/wastewater math for several years The author has sat at the table of licensure examination...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... mgNHþ -N LÀ1, and 3.81 mgT-N LÀ1, 0.03 mgT-P LÀ1 During 16 months of operation, NHþ -N was 4 completely eliminated and T-P removal efficiency was also up to 100% It was found that increasing in internal ... COD and ammonium were higher than 76% and 70–99% for HRT of 3.5 h and 4.5 h, respectively One of the biofilm support media is made of plastic They use various forms/types of plastic, such as polyethylene ... 2006; Bektas et al., 2004) For these reasons and others, this EC proß cess study was applied as a post treatment add-on, with potential for reasonably easy retrofitting to existing facilities...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 17:48

... immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn, USA) C reactive protein (CRP), IgG, IgE, GOT, and GPT were measured using routine laboratory protocols SUBJECTS AND METHODS RNA preparation and ... of fucose and galacose was based on data from a previous study (6) Previous medication including inhaled antibiotics, vitamines, pancreatic enzymes, dornase alpha, bronchodilatators was continued ... OligodT, 0.5 μl 20 U/ μl RNAse inhibitor and 0.5 μl 50 U/ μl reverse transcriptase (Perkin Elmer Biosystemsm Roche, Branchburg, USA) The mixture was incubated at 42ºC for 30 and at 99ºC for Samples...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:48

... them was for DNA extraction and was washed with TE buffer at pH8.0, and stored at -20oC Another was for FISH analysis and was stored at -80oC The extraction of DNA was performed with Fast DNA SPIN ... in Runs and 7, when thiosulfate was not added in the influent, increase of Nitrobacter species was clearly detected On the other hand, Nitrobacter decreased during Run when thiosulfate was added ... of anoxic tank and 135L of aerobic tank, and a sedimentation tank Influent was 60L/day pH was 8.0-8.5 in the anoxic tank, and 7.0-7.5 in the aerobic tank The water temperature was 25oC-30oC The...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... increased with an increase in HRT of the regeneration tank from h to h, but decreased from h to h As shown in Fig 2, the PO43 P removal increased as the HRT of the regeneration tank increased ... increased The NH4+-N removal was not very sensitive to the HRT It slightly increased as the HRT increased from h to h, but slightly decreased when the HRT increased from h to h This suggests ... the PO43 P removal An increase in the recycle ratio resulted in an increase in the COD removal and an increase in NH4+-N and PO43 P removals (Fig 3) Such influences were associated with the direct...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... broadly consisting of phases: (i) the goal and scope definition, (ii) the life cycle inventory (data collection; mass and energy balances), and (iii) the impact assessment (classification of emissions ... materials and wastes was assumed to be a landfill The sludge generated from the treatment process, both onsite and off-site, will be treated in the sludge drying bed prior to its use as soil T-N/T-P ... construction, operation and disposal phase were calculated based on LCA analysis Methane (CH4) gas emission during the operation phase from each wastewater treatment scenario was calculated using...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... 10 mg/L), wastewater treatment plant effluent (10 mg/L), and rain water (5 and 10 mg/L) More than 20% degradation was observed in all Lake Tedori water and Unoke River water samples and rain water ... N., Managaki S and Takada H (2008) Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment in Japan and Tropical Asian Countries, J of Water and Waste, 50(7), 559-569 Nonaka L and Suzuki S (2007) ... Suzuki T and Kunikane S (2008) Occurrence and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Treatment Plants, J of Water and Waste, 50(7), 581-586 Simpson J M., Santo Domingo J W and Reasoner D...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... high-performing energy management and environmental standards In addition, the approach was applied and validated through a case study Materials and methods A successful wastewater utility management ... accounts for about 2% of wastewater Wastes are separated and filtered by various processes such as aeration, trickling filter, sand filter, primary and secondary clarifier, and oxidation Figure illustrates ... analysis, energy was taken as the dependent variable and BOD, suspended solids, average flow, and rainfall are taken as the independent variables The change in energy was observed and the significant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28