cellular mechanisms involved in fatty acid dependent effects on insulin sensitivity

... broadening The residues that exhibit slow conformational rearrangements occurring on a millisecond time scale and leading to an increase in the transverse relaxation rate can be found in a region ... M domain (Fig 1B) This is strong evidence that there is no substantial change in the conformation of the protein or in the distribution of the conformational ensemble of the GGQ loop In contrast ... positional rearrangement of the protein during the docking to the binding site on the ribosome or other ligands Strikingly, the second most flexible part of the protein (if one does not take into...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... position in relation to the intron–exon border the effect may vary Variations in 100% conserved AG and GT dinucleotides immediately before and after an exon may result in exon skipping, intron retention ... variation databases, which, in addition to raw variation data should also contain information about the effects on protein and cellular metabolism For many diseases, including the fatty acid oxidation ... defects in fatty acid oxidation (Eur J Biochem 271) 471 Table Transporter proteins and enzymes involved in the mitochondrial saturated fatty acid oxidation FATP, fatty acid transport protein; CAT,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... detected indicating that yeast did not metabolize the exogenously added fatty acid (Fig 3A) In contrast, in the yeast containing pVT102U-PtD6, a new fatty acid corresponding to c-linolenic acid (18:3D6,9,12) ... total fatty acids, confirming that its complete biosynthetic pathway from a-linolenic acid, involving D6-desaturation, D6-elongation and D5-desaturation (x3-pathway), had been successfully reconstituted ... enzymes are involved in both routes DISCUSSION In the present study, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a D5- and a D6 -fatty acid desaturase from P tricornutum Both contain the...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:40

... actinobacteria, mycolic acids consisting of βhydroxyl fatty acids with long α-alkyl side chains line the inner layer of the mycomembrane, covalently linked to arabinogalactan in the standard inner ... Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC90) of Ethionamide (in µm) during in vitro culture 107 Table 7: Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC90) of Ethionamide (in µm) during in vitro culture ... proposed to contribute to INH resistance Notably, only mutations in inhA display dominant INH-resistance phenotypes, ie conferring INH resistance when non31 Chapter 1: Literature Review functional mutant...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:14

... common functional domains named A to F with other nuclear receptors The N-terminal A/B region contains an autonomous activation function (AF-1) The conserved C domain is the DNA-binding domain, ... two distinct gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; Jacobson et al., 1979; Fig 1.1) 1.1.2 Genomic organization of the gonadotropins The gonadotropins LH ... along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), steroid hormones (estrogen, androgen and progesterone) and gonadal peptides (activin and inhibin;...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 21:47

... amino-terminal extracellular Wnt binding domain and the 18 19 carboxy-terminal PDZ-binding domain of the Fz protein are known to be essential for Fz function Deletion of the PDZ-binding domain ... GSK3β is a serine/threonine kinase involved in insulin, growth factor and Wnt signalling In the absence of Wnt signalling, GSK3β is recruited to the APC complex via interaction with Axin, where it ... signalling, is also an integral component of the adhesion complex by linking cadherins through α-catenin to the actin cytoskeleton Phosphorylation -dependent release of β-catenin from the cadherin...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... Monthly changes of rainfall and air temperature in the study sites INTRODUCTION The effects of land use change on carbon storage are of concern in the context of international policy agendas on ... plantations in the initial years, including clearing of original vegetation, burning of vegetation residues, soil disturbance through site preparing, and control of competing vegetation, probably ... or shifts in cultivation can affect soil organic matter In the top 20 cm of soil, the carbon concentration was higher in the NF and lower in the plantations, suggesting that conversion of native...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... the effects of maternal smoking on TLR function and these interactions Effects of Maternal Smoking in Innate (TLR) Immune Development The increased rate of respiratory disease40 and infection2 in ... production of inflammatory chemokine IL-8 through direct inhibition of NF-kB.56 Based on these findings, we speculate that smoking may affect TLR signaling via nuclear effects on transcription factors ... longitudinal effects on the development of allergen-specific memory Concluding Comments In summary, our findings show that in addition to the effects on developing airways, maternal smoking in pregnancy...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... growth on plates lacking histidine and containing 20 mM 3-AT (figure 1C) In contrast, expression of three mutant http://www.jnrbm.com/content/3/1/5 forms of p53 [1] with point mutations in their ... CP-31398 on human p53 activity in our p53-responsive yeast strain Yeast cells expressing either wild type p53 or the mutant p53R173A were grown in media containing increasing concentrations of ... cells containing the other point mutant variants Average and standard deviation were determined from three independent experiments (C) Growth on selective plates containing 20 mM 3-AT depends on...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:20

... contributing to these interfaces is located in the PYR and middle domains The interface contains 10 hydrogen bonds in IPDC The dimer–dimer interface in IPDC is smaller than the corresponding interface ... inserted at this position, participate in the monomer–monomer interface In addition to these two deletions in the IPDC sequence, there are several amino acid substitutions resulting in a reduced number ... responsible for binding and proper orientation of the aminopyrimidine ring, are conserved in all ThDP -dependent enzymes One of these, the hydrogen bond between the N1¢ atom of the pyrimidine ring...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... pathway, other signaling mechanisms are involved in the control of gene expression (up and down) in response to amino acid limitation The downstream molecular mechanisms involved in this process could ... expression levels of the vast majority of genes (about 99%) remained unaffected by amino acid starvation The mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of gene expression by amino acid starvation in ... amino acid limitation ments are required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the down-regulation of gene expression by amino acid limitation Our data demonstrate that, in addition...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... - Sampling sites for seagrasses Table Sampling conditions and cooperating institutions during sampling Table - Sampling conditions and cooperating institutions during sampling Site Z japonica ... of fatty acid structure in Z japonica We found about 30 kinds of fatty acids in the leaves and stems and about 36 kinds of fatty acids in the roots and rhizomes of Z japonica We focused on the ... Fig - Dominant fatty acid content in the Fig.4 Dominant fatty acid content in the roots the Fig - Dominant fatty acid content in and stems at each sampling site．sampling and rhizomesand rhizomes...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... cytokines, inhibition of insulin signaling, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and promotion of cell death, mainly by apoptosis [6–12] On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acids ... activation in stearate-induced mitochondrial destabilization and apoptosis In order to further evaluate specific molecular mechanisms contributing to induction of mitochondrial destabilization, we ... following stearate administration and was completely interrupted at longer incubation periods Interestingly, the interruption of TAG synthesis preceded the appearance of toxic effects, supporting...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... was interpreted as potassium Our crystallization conditions included an ammonium ion concentration of 1.9 m, which probably in uences the nature of the cation under crystallization conditions ... weak, binding of ACP to the docking site followed by a conformational change in ACP proposed to inject the acyl chain into the substrate-binding pocket [32] If a similar mechanism is involved in ... threonines (T300 and T302), speculated to contribute to ACP binding during malonyl-ACP decarboxylation [2,3], and (f) a phenylalanine (F392), forming an oxyanion hole together with the backbone...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... was indeed paralleled by a constant increase of the concentration of intracellular free fatty acids (Fig 1D) This could indicate an import of fatty acids into the cells On the other hand, the increase ... total fatty acid concentrations of the different pools were determined The fatty acid concentrations are given for YB526 intracellular (square), YB526 extracellular (diamonds), MS51 intracellular ... early exponential growth phase most probably explains the accumulation of fatty acids in the media, several alternative models may explain the subsequent decline in fatty acid concentration One possible...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... lipid-binding protein, intestinal 15 kDa protein, ileal bile acid- binding protein and gastrotropin, reflecting the speculations of authors on its intracellular function(s) In vitro binding assays ... protein (L-FABP), brain-type fatty acid- binding protein (B-FABP), intestinal-type fatty acid- binding protein (I-FABP), etc However, this nomenclature has become confusing because different types ... fabp1b gene from zebrafish, which contains an additional intron in the 5¢-untranslated region [6] Each of the intron ⁄ exon splice junctions in the zebrafish fabp6 gene conform to the GT ⁄ AG rule proposed...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... A., Hershey, J.W.B & Sonenberg, N (1994) The translation initiation factor eIF-4B contains an RNA-binding region that is distinct and independent from its ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence Mol ... inhibitor This indicated that the Ubx IRES is indeed driving internal initiation of the second cistron in our in vitro translational system We then analyzed the effect of the addition of recombinant eIF4B ... N., Song, M.S & Sonenberg, N (1996) A region rich in aspartic acid, arginine, tyrosine and glycyne (DRYG) mediates eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) self association and interaction with...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... cysteines present in other condensing enzymes To get more insight into how the coding region of the FAE1 condensing enzymes in Brassicas determines the proportions and amounts of VLCFAs in their ... FAE1 condensing enzyme activity in LEA B napus cultivars Han et al [6] speculated that the presence of serine at position 282 in all functional proteins instead of phenylalanine in nonfunctional ... embryo line, MDE 103 [26], and LEA B napus canola cv Westar were used in this study for the cloning of FAE1 coding regions Cloning FAE1 coding regions and heterologous expression in yeast Based on...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... T., Shibuya, M & Ebizuka, Y (2001) Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding b-amyrin synthase involved in glycyrrhizin and soyasaponin biosynthesis in licorice Biol Pharm Bull 24, 912–916 ... enzyme in bryonolic acid biosynthesis in L cylindrica In addition to isomultiflorenol, a minor compound at 18.9 min, which, like isomultiflorenol, gave an ion at m/z 409, was also observed on LC-APCIMS ... heterologous hybridization Functional expression of this cDNA in yeast indicated that the newly obtained cDNA coded for the isomultiflorenol synthase involved in bryonolic acid biosynthesis Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20