... Plasma ProteinsHaving entered the blood, drugs maybind to the protein molecules that arepresent in abundance, resulting in the formation of drug-protein complexes.Protein binding involves primarily ... from binding sites onplasma proteins. Binding to plasma pro-tein is equivalent to a depot in prolong-ing the duration of the effect by retard-ing elimination, whereas the intensityof the effect ... area inthe sche-matic drawing, bottom left) and acts asa continuous barrier between the twospaces separated by the cell layer – in the case of the gut, the intestinal lumen(dark blue) and the...
... belocated inthebody of this species using alcian blue stainingand it was suggested to be the main constituent of the mucus. In the present work, we provide further information on the structure ... sulfate in the snail body by alcian blue staining and showed that it ismainly secreted into the outer surface of thebody as amucous material from internal granules [11]. The mucussecreted on the ... assess the alteration in the degree of sulfation of GAGs synthesized under the in uence of the inhibitors.Finally, Achatina fulica is an intermediate host toAngiostrongylus cantonensis [13], the...
... wetland in tropical countries for domestic wastewater treatment. The linear decreasing OM distribution to the increasing vertical and horizontal flow direction is confirmed as the hypothesis in ... wetland in Can Tho University’s campus, Vietnam. The linear decreasing organic matter distribution to the increasing vertical and horizontal flow direction is confirmed as the hypothesis in highly ... The hypothesis is the OM distribution in sand bed descending linearly to the flow direction. 2. Materials and methods Sand sampling was done during January 2007 inthe experimental constructed...
... Ca2+signal is related to the N-domain. Further, the disruption of the sites inthe C-domain affects the loweraffinity part of the signal. The difference inthe second partof the curve, however, is ... data sets, the results for 5HW inthe N-domainof TnC, inthe inhibitory region of TnI and at position 121of TnI, followed the Ca2+-binding to the N-domain of TnC. The variation in Kdand ... havemainly a structural function in maintaining the organizationof the Tn [7–9,45]. The function of the C-terminal region ofTnI is less understood. Mapping of the TnI interactionsFig. 5. Calcium...
... can be oxidized in brain homogenates and that catalase is involved in the accumulation of acetaldehyde inthe brain [27], explainingits presence despite the absence of ADH1 and the factthat acetaldehyde ... drinking [30].Retinoic acid has been implicated in many importantfunctions during development, including development of the brain [31,32]. Accordingly, Adh4 expression has beendetected inthe ... [34]. Furthermore, a remarkable number of proteinsinvolved in retinoid-related metabolism (retinoic acidreceptors, cellular binding proteins and oxidizing enzymes)have been mapped within the adult...
... lipid-binding protein, intesti-nal 15 kDa protein, ileal bile acid-binding protein andgastrotropin, reflecting the speculations of authors onits intracellular function(s). In vitro binding assaysrevealed ... according to the tissue from which they were initially isolated, e.g. liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), brain-typefatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP), intestinal-typefatty acid-binding ... anintense hybridization signal inthe distal region of the intestine (Fig. 6, 1A) and inthe adrenal homolog of the kidney (Fig. 6, 1D). Less-intense hybridization sig-nals were observed in the...
... MagicRed-Cathepsin B substrate wasadded to the cells during the last 30 min of an experimentaccording to the manufacturer’s instructions. Calcium imagingFor dye loading, Fluo-4 was dissolved inin ... [9,10].Beclin 1, a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-interacting protein [11], plays a role in promotingautophagy [12]. Beclin 1 contains a Bcl-2-bindingdomain which may serve as a point of ... through the interaction of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XLwith Beclin 1. However, the nature of the interaction, either in promoting or blocking autophagy, remainsunclear. Here, using...
... FEBS 2002Agonist-induced rearrangement of the 7TMs in the CaR homodimer?One of the goals of the present study was to investigate,whether the activating twist inthe ATD dimer of the familyC GPCR ... agonist-inducedalterations in BRET signal intensities reflecting 7TM dimerrearrangement as a result of the activating twist inthe ATDsof the CaR homodimer. Further investigations into the signal ... Homodimerization of CaR in living cells (Eur. J. Biochem. 269) 5077Probing intermolecular protein–protein interactions inthe calcium- sensing receptor homodimer using bioluminescenceresonance energy...
... and the C-terminal aminoacids 370±392 (Y163). Clone Y198 encoded the full-lengthcDNA of thecalcium and integrin binding protein (CIB) in frame with the GA L4 AD.Mapping of regions involved in ... analysed using a L SM510 laser scanningconfocal microscope (Zeiss).RESULTSNBR1 interacts with the PKC zeta interacting proteinFEZ1 and thecalcium and integrin binding protein CIB In order ... zinc binding domain originally thought to belong to the B-box family of zinc binding domains and a n octicosapep-tide sequence (OPR) also thought to be involved in divalentcation binding. The...
... proteins in two-hybrid experiments. On the other hand, the use ofantibodies against AFP inin vitro and in vivo experimentsinvestigating hexamerin uptake by the anterior fat body may g ive insights ... further experiments in twodistinct areas. On the one hand, the binding domains ofAFP and the hexamerin receptor could be m apped in detailby functional dissection using truncated prey proteins ... IgG. (A) Inthe border region of anterior (aF) and central fat body (cF), AFP-immunostaining appears only inthe anterior fat body. (B) In a single fat body cell of the anterior fat body, AFP...
... optimizing binding of the carbohydrate chain in the cleft, and resulting in trioses as products. Theseobservations suggest that, by blocking one of the endsof the binding cleft, loop III in exo-ABN ... arranged in a distortedb-barrel-like configuration (shown in yellow). The hairpin that joinsblades IV and V inthe N-terminal domain and interacts with the C-terminal domain is shown in red.Fig. ... of the ends of the binding cleft (Fig. 5). In fact, in the structure of the exo-ABN complex witharabinohexose [15], this loop makes the reducing endof the carbohydrate chain bend towards the...
... vertically integrate into internet retailing. Vertical integration into internet retailing would resolve the incentive issue because the manufacturer would fully take into account the incentive ... for restraints on internet distribution than they are inthe case of any other distribution channel. Distribution over the internet should therefore not be treated differently as to the legality ... which includes a margin on the manufacturing cost. Because it includes this margin, the “marginal cost” which the independent retailer faces is higher than the marginal cost that an integrated...
... Itwould be interesting to determine whether it is suckling, like in the case of LRP [21], or weaning, as inthe case of LDLR[24], which triggers the increase of LSR seen in liver, as suchan induction ... that were carried in apo B48-containing lipoproteins resembling remnants. Nevertheless, in LDLR-deficient mice the increase in TG levels was muchsmaller than that obtained in RAP overexpression ... measured in the postprandial stage [3]. The present work was u ndertaken to determine the distribution of LSR mRNA and protein in murine organs,and whether this distribution was c ompatible with the alleged...
... located in the intermembrane space, which participate in the apoptotic death signaling [26,27].An important limitation in assessing the relevanceof mPTP in I⁄ R injury inthe intact heart is the Fig. ... nmolÆmg)1Æmin)1 in the mitochondrial fraction, indicatingsarcolemmal contamination inthe microsomal fraction. The discrepancy between our binding results andother reports showing that Ru360has ... treatment were nor-malized in each group. (C) Specific [3H]ryanodine binding was deter-mined in a medium containing 100 lM free Ca2+to maintain the calcium release channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum...