build chinese language models

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... to incorporate large- scale n-gram language models in conjunction with incremental syntactic language models. The added decoding time cost of our syntactic language model is very high. By increasing ... trans- lation has effectively used n-gram word sequence models as language models. Modern phrase-based translation using large scale n-gram language models generally performs well in terms of lexical ... use supertag n-gram LMs. Syntactic language models have also been explored with tree-based translation models. Charniak et al. (2003) use syntactic lan- guage models to rescore the output of a...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... language models trained from text or speech corpora of vari- ous genres and sizes. The largest available language models are based on written text: we investigate the effect of written text language models ... dif- ferences among the different language models when extended features are present are relatively small. We assume that much of the information expressed in the language models overlaps with the lexical ... information from the external language models by defining a reranker feature for each external language model. The value of this feature is the log probability assigned by the language model to the candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... of English Bigrams. Computer Speech & Language, 5(1):19–54. Joshua Goodman. 2001. A Bit of Progress in Language Modeling. Computer Speech & Language, 15(4):403– 434. Bo-June (Paul) Hsu ... Association for Computational Linguistics An Empirical Investigation of Discounting in Cross-Domain Language Models Greg Durrett and Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {gdurrett,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract We ... with the amount of growth being closely correlated with the corpus divergence. Finally, we build a language model exploiting a parametric form of the growing discount and show perplexity gains...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Experimental Results 4.1 Baseline Lexicon, Corpora and Language Models The baseline lexicon was automatically constructed from a 300 MB Chinese news text corpus ranging from 1997 to 1999 using ... set of output words and also the building units in the language model (LM). Lexical words offer local constraints to combine phonemes into short chunks while the language model combines phonemes ... order of language model. open vocabulary ASR. Morphs are another possi- bility, which are longer than graphemes but shorter than words, in other western languages (Hirsim ¨ aki et al., 2005). Chinese...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... Kneser-Ney and those methods. 1 Introduction Statistical language models are potentially useful for any language technology task that produces natural -language text as a final (or intermediate) output. ... perplexity of any known method for estimating N-gram language models. Kneser-Ney smoothing, however, requires nonstandard N-gram counts for the lower- order models used to smooth the highest- order model. ... best approach when language models based on ordinary counts are desired. References Chen, Stanley F., and Joshua Goodman. 1998. An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... statistical language models. In this paper, we also use support vector machines to combine features from tradi- tional reading level measures, statistical language models, and other language pro- cessing ... use scores from language models as features in another classifier (e.g. an SVM). For ex- ample, perplexity (P P) is an information-theoretic measure often used to assess language models: P P = 2 H(t|c) , ... of syntax. Our approach uses n- gram language models as a low-cost automatic ap- proximation of both syntactic and semantic analy- sis. Statistical language models (LMs) are used suc- cessfully...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... comparison of in- grammar recognition performance. 3 Language modelling To generate the different trigram language models we used the SRI language modelling toolkit (Stol- cke, 2002) with Good-Turing ... decades of statistical language modeling: Where do we go from here? In Proceed- ings of IEEE:88(8). Rosenfeld R. 2000. Incorporating Linguistic Structure into Statistical Language Models. In Philosophical Transactions ... statistical language models (DM-SLMs) by using GF to generate all utterances that are specific to certain dialogue moves from our in- terpretation grammar. In this way we can pro- duce models that...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... 2007. Large language models in machine translation. In Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Meth- ods in Natural Language Processing and Com- putational Natural Language Learning ... Kneser- Ney smoothed n-gram models. IEEE Transac- tions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, 15(5):1617–1624. A. Stolcke. 1998. Entropy-based pruning of backoff language models. In Proc. DARPA ... 8 billion. 3 Speech Recognition Experiments We have trained language models on the in- domain data together with web data, and these models have been used in speech recognition ex- periments....

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... grammars for modeling agglutination in this language, but first we will present the for- mer class of languages and its acceptor automata. 3.1 Linear context free languages and two-taped nondeterministic ... 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics The use of formal language models in the typology of the morphology of Amerindian languages Andr ´ es Osvaldo Porta Universidad de Buenos Aires hugporta@yahoo.com.ar Abstract The ... natural representa- tion in terms of linear context-free languages. 2 Quichua Santiague ˜ no The quichua santiague˜no is a language of the Quechua language family. It is spoken in the San- tiago del...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... novel language model caching technique that improves the query speed of our language models (and SRILM) by up to 300%. 1 Introduction For modern statistical machine translation systems, language models ... with two different language models. Our first language model, WMT2010, was a 5- gram Kneser-Ney language model which stores probability/back-off pairs as values. We trained this language model on ... and Smaller N -Gram Language Models Adam Pauls Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {adpauls,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract N-gram language models are a major...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... lan- guage models (Charniak et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2008; Post and Gildea, 2008). Since our philoso- phy is fundamentally different from them in that we build contextually-informed language models ... or even trillions of English words, huge language models are built in a distributed man- ner (Zhang et al., 2006; Brants et al., 2007). Such language models yield better translation results but at ... direction digs deeply into monolin- gual data to build linguistically-informed language models. For example, Charniak et al. (2003) present a syntax-based language model for machine transla- tion which...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... (lossless) lan- guages models and our randomized language model. Note that the standard practice of measuring per- plexity is not meaningful here since (1) for efficient computation, the language model ... 2007. Compressing trigram language models with golomb coding. In Proceedings of EMNLP-CoNLL 2007, Prague, Czech Republic, June. P. Clarkson and R. Rosenfeld. 1997 . Statistical language modeling using ... pruning of back- off language models. In Proc. DARPA Broadcast News Transcription and Understanding Workshop, pages 270–274. D. Talbot and M. Osborne. 2007a. Randomised language modelling for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... . Class-based models. In many applications, it is nat- ural and convenient to construct class-based language models, that is models based on classes of words (Brown et al., 1992). Such models are ... experi- mental results demonstrating its efficiency. Representation of language models by WFAs. Clas- sical -gram language models admit a natural representa- tion by WFAs in which each state encodes ... re- lated to the construction of language models. We present new and efficient algorithms to address these more gen- eral problems. Counting. Classical language models are constructed by deriving...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... Monz. 2011. Statistical Machine Translation with Local Language Models. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 869–879, Edinburgh, Scotland, ... (Tillmann, 2004; Koehn et al., 2005), two word-based language models, distortion, word and phrase penalties. The translation and re- ordering models are obtained by combining mod- els independently ... on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT), San Francisco, CA. P. F. Brown, V. J. Della Pietra, P. V. deSouza, J. C. Lai, and R. L. Mercer. 1992. Class-based n-gram mod- els of natural language. ...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... new language. 避免将英文翻译为中文，或将中文翻译为英文，也 不鼓励学生翻译。通过可视手段、手势、身体活动 以及清楚的上下文语境让学生明白意思。使用同样 的方式检查学生是否已理解，并要求学生用新学的 语言将意思表演出来。 Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to Children Building Blocks of Chinese ... Demonstrations 2 links language instruction to the philosophy and content of the general elementary school curriculum. Thematic Planning Strategies for Teaching Early Chinese Language Learners ... Connections Connections Comparisons Comparisons Communities Communities Cultures Cultures Communication Communication Standards for Standards for Foreign Language Learning Foreign Language Learning in the in the 21st Century 21st Century connects content, language and culture goals to a “big idea,” or...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:02

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20